Current Land Development Research Articles

The Influence Mechanism of Urban Spatial Structure on Urban Vitality Based on Geographic Big Data: A Case Study in Downtown Shanghai

How can we construct the multidimensional evaluation framework of urban vitality from the perspective of urban spatial structure? Under the current intensity of land development, does the population density in the downtown area of Shanghai have the potential to be improved? Can a subdistrict be an appropriate spatial scale for evaluating urban vitality in central Shanghai? First, based on multisource geospatial big data, a comprehensive theoretical framework of the influence mechanism of urban spatial structure on urban vitality was constructed from the three dimensions of population, land use, and traffic, and 11 indicators were selected to form an evaluation index system. Second, the influence mechanism of urban spatial structure on urban vitality was analyzed from the six aspects of economic vitality, cultural vitality, quality of life, social governance, air quality, and nocturnal vitality, using binary spatial correlation analysis and a regression model based on eigenvector space filtering (ESF). The results show the following: (1) According to the combined impact analysis, the job–housing balance degree, floor area ratio, open space ratio, and road network density are positively correlated with urban vitality, while population density, land use mix degree, average block area, rail transit station density, and rail transit station accessibility are negatively correlated with urban vitality. (2) The correlation between population density and the urban comprehensive vitality index is related to the floor area ratio. Under the current land development intensity, the population density of the central urban area of Shanghai has approached the theoretical “ceiling”. (3) Different spatial scales have different effects on urban vitality. Finally, some policy suggestions are proposed to optimize the urban spatial structure and enhance urban vitality.

Study on Urban Regeneration Decision Making Map: A Case Study of the Core Cities of Pearl River Delta in China

In the urban stock development stage, it is essential to clarify urban regeneration characteristics, market maturity, urban regeneration potential, and development direction of objective cities for enterprises. However, previous studies lack concrete analysis for the urban regeneration system and potential, particularly with respect to quantitative research. This study evaluated the urban regeneration decision making map of the core cities of the Pearl River Delta in China (Shenzhen, Guangzhou, Zhuhai, and Dongguan), including system analysis and potential space evaluation. For the system analysis, through the horizontal comparison of the four target cities' regeneration system based on the sustainability of local policies, it was found that Shenzhen has the highest degree of perfection of urban regeneration system, followed by Guangzhou, Zhuhai, and Dongguan. Especially in the three aspects of protecting public interests, reserving industrial development space, and urban sustainable development, Shenzhen has formulated a series of supporting urban renewal laws and regulations, with the most standardized urban renewal management and the most mature urban renewal market. For the potential space evaluation, the spatial factors affecting urban regeneration potential were selected for the superposition analysis to obtain the distribution and data characteristics of the target cities' regeneration potential with the Analytic Hierarchy Process. It was found that Dongguan has the highest proportion of high potential regeneration land, accounting for 29.4%, while Shenzhen has the lowest proportion of high potential regeneration land. Regarding the four objective cities, it is more difficult to carry out urban regeneration project in Shenzhen and Guangzhou due to complex control conditions and earlier projects’ accomplishment. The system of Zhuhai and Dongguan needs to be further adjusted in practice and there is a relatively more flexible space for these two cities. The current land development intensity in Dongguan far exceeds that in Zhuhai, and the demand for its urban renewal is more urgent. Therefore, this study suggests that Dongguan's urban regeneration market should become the focus of enterprises.

Appraisal of Real Estate with Various Functions in the Context of Sustainable Development

Abstract The value of a piece of real estate depends on the purpose it is used for and on its function in planning documents. Unfortunately, current land development trends and the provisions of the law that are applicable in these documents often lead to real estate with heterogeneous functions. The valuation of such properties requires a special approach. One method is to divide the prices of real estate similar to the appraised real estate into components that correspond to areas with certain functions. The aim of this paper is to present statistical methods that can facilitate such a solution. The valuation models (parametric and conditional) presented in this article come from geodetic methods for the reconciliation of results. The presented calculations suggest that it is necessary to verify whether the heterogeneous functions of real estate should be considered in its appraisal.

Modes of land development in Shanghai

Land development modelling and simulation provides critical information and insights for city land resource planning and management. However, studies on simulating urban land development often treat it as a singular and uniform process and neglect place-based decision-making processes and multiple tracks of how urban land is developed. This study attempts to identify the locally embedded, place-based processes of land conversion and redevelopment during the reform period in Shanghai. In doing so, this study conducts in-depth interviews and collects extensive land use and planning data to examine the land development decision-making processes of the city. In conjunction with the content analysis of government documents and urban planning results, this study proposes to frame the current land development of Shanghai into State-led Market-based Land Development, Informal Land Development, State-led Land Redevelopment, State-approved Independent Development, and Megaproject-based Land Development, according to land use types, property rights, and intermediate agencies. By comparing urban planning and actual land use change data, the study delineates the location and estimate magnitude of each of the land development modes in Shanghai. Different from market-based land development systems, the results show that the state interventions in the land market has been prevalent to create a unique government-led land development system with multiple approaches and land use change trajectories in Shanghai. The result explains why current land development modelling and simulation cannot mimic the actual land development process properly. Furthermore, the study provides the empirical basis for new theorization of land development in China.

Assessing barriers to effective spatial planning in Mauritius. A combination of SWOT and gap surveys

This paper examines the barriers to effective spatial planning in Mauritius. With its competitive advantage, due to its strategic position into Africa, the island is experiencing rapid development. However, current land development, especially considering land scarcity, reflects a lack of integrated strategic decision-making in the spatial planning system in Mauritius. Using a PESTLE framework and two quantitative surveys, namely a SWOT analysis addressed to the planners in Mauritius, followed by a gap analysis addressed to a wider group of professionals, the barriers have been identified. The result shows that overall significant barriers exist. The contributions of the research have been: first, in the methods adopted to identify such barriers towards effective spatial planning; second, in the identification of the barriers in order of importance; and third, in the formulation of strategies to address these barriers.

Cadastral Systems Re-engineering in Urban Zimbabwe

Land is undoubtedly the most important resource in any country as it contributes to economic development. The cadastre is a component of the land administration system (LAS) that is crucial for managing land. It is thus of importance for a nation to have both a functional cadastral system for determining parcel boundaries and a functional cadastral information system, for managing the land parcels. The cadastral survey system and cadastre in Zimbabwe are largely manual with even the lodgement of completed surveys for examination and approval still analogue. This has an impact on the time it takes to complete a land transaction. Land can ideally drive the economy yet part of the value is lost due to lengthy land transaction procedures. The land administration system is supposed to consist of value adding processes in which several actors interact in a workflow which creates new or transfers parcels. This workflow is associated with transaction costs, part of which can be employed for maintenance of the cadastral information system. This article presents business processes for the land development process in Zimbabwe but focusing on City of Gweru (CoG) and City of Mutare (CoM) municipalities as the major organisations under study. Municipalities in Zimbabwe are governed by the Regional Town and Country Planning Act, so such a single process and workflow model can fit into the cadastral information system of all municipalities in Zimbabwe with insignificant changes. The broader scope of this study is towards the design of a conceptual schema for automating the land administration system and particularly, the cadastre component, for municipalities in Zimbabwe. This study presents the workflows for the current land development system with CoG and CoM as the current focal points. Information on current automation efforts or reforms by other major municipalities to include Bulawayo, Kadoma and Kariba is also presented. The overall theme of this paper is to discuss cadastral reform through automation of cadastral processes in municipalities.

Changes in land use structure in suburban zones in Poland after the 90

Suburbanisation is currently an essential characteristic of urban development in big European cities and their peripheral zones, both in the so called Old Europe and in most big cities in post-Communist countries. Suburbanisation is re^ ected mainly in changes within land use, intensi cation of development outside the city borders (especially along exit roads), and increased commuting. Land use structure is the outcome of decisions of bodies responsible for spatial man- agement. It also depends on external factors (economic, technological, and social) and internal ones (e.g. current land de velopment, attractiveness of land location within the city). Q e aim of the paper is to present changes in land use structure in Poland after the 90. with special focus on changes within suburban zone of Poznan city.

Perceptions of desert landscape: a case study in southern New Mexico

This research investigates perceptions of desert landscape held by different actor groups (resident versus expert group – including land developers, local politicians, city planners and NGOs) in New Mexico, USA. The results of this study found that although people share common appreciation of cultural and aesthetic landscape values, different perceptions and valuations are conflicting when special interests and needs of actors are apparent. NGOs and residents demonstrate their opposition to the current land development patterns and management practices. Results also revealed that the political and cultural elements of the landscape in the area are important drivers of growth patterns.

택지조성원가와 발생원가의 오차에 관한 실증연구 : 택지개발사업지구를 중심으로

현행 우리나라 택지조성원가 산정체계는 택지조성과정에서 준공이전에 추정한 조성원가와 조성과정에서 돌발적으로 발생하는 변동요인이 고려된 준공시의 발생원가로 구분된다. 따라서 두 원가사이에 발생되는 격차로 인해 분양가격에 영향을 미치는 발생원가는 산정체계에 대한 문제점을 지적 받아오고 있으므로 발생원가의 객관성을 높이기 위해서는 예측가능한 돌발상황에 대해 조성원가 산정시 반영되는 방안이 모색되어야 한다. 이에 본 연구에서는 조성원가와 발생원가 사이에 발생되는 격차율 가운데 예측이 가능한 규모를 유효격차율로 정의하고 각 사업지구의 다양한 특성을 고려한 유효격차율을 추정하고자하였다. 따라서 각 사업지구의 다양한 특성을 유형으로 분류하기 위해 5개의 주제별 카테고리를 설정하고, 카테고리들을 복합화한 복합카테고리를 이용하여 유효격차율을 추정하고자 하였으며 추정모형 검정결과 신뢰성이 매우 높은 것으로 분석되었다. 향후 지속적인 자료축척으로 안정화된 추정모형의 유효격차율이 조성원가에 반영되었을 경우 발생원가와의 격차해소에 기여할 것으로 기대된다. The current land development cost price system is classified as the creating land by construction price and composition changes that occur sporadically in the process of completion at the source of the factors by incurred cost price. Housing for land cost price system is a lack of objectivity which scheme of the such a gap due to the land in accordance construction and incurred cost price system so far. Therefore, in order to increase the objectivity of costing the costing of predictable surprises should be reflected in the process. Under such a background, this study defined the effective differential ratio as the predictable, estimated them for various characteristics of each business district to reflect. For this, set the properties category of five types to attributes and making the complex category and Look-up table. Which result of model validation is showed a high reliability. Therefore, Continuous accumulation of material in the future, when them to reflect the construction cost, will contribute to the bridge the gap the construction cost between incurred them.

Influence of Land Use and Site Characteristics on Invasive Plant Abundance in the Quinebaug Highlands of Southern New England

Abstract Invasive exotic plants have been identified as one of the major threats to ecosystem function and biodiversity. This study examined the distribution and abundance (cover and frequency) of invasive plants in natural habitats of the Quinebaug Highlands forest block (13,760 ha) of northern Connecticut and southern Massachusetts in relation to current and historical land use and site conditions. Multiple regression and GIS analyses were used to identify areas of high infestation and factors most useful in predicting invasions. Celastrus orbiculatus, Rosa multiflora, and Berberis thunbergii were the most frequent invasives. Past land use was the strongest predictor of invasive cover (r2 = 0.219) and richness (r2 = 0.303; p < 0.001 both regressions). Current land development and physical soil characteristics were also strongly correlated. These results add to our understanding of factors promoting plant invasions. Because invasive species control in natural areas is time- and resource-intensive, this i...

Industrial land planning and development in South Korea: current problems and future directions

The recent South Korean economic crisis cannot be attributed to any single sphere of public policy or blamed simply on domestic processes. Indeed, recent global market fluctuations reveal that Korea's difficulties are merely a piece of a larger jigsaw. That: said, the regulatory environment established by the central government has accentuated these difficulties. In particular, restrictions governing land development and certain aspects of banking have impeded free investment and undermined profitability. This paper is concerned with the way the regulation of industrial land use has contributed to the crisis and with the scope for minimising further economic decline through a programme of rationalisation and deregulation. A review of current land development policy, focusing on industrial parks, and the existing legislative framework is presented. Finally, we review the measures that the Korean government is currently considering and assess how they may alleviate the economic pressure resulting from the recent crisis.

Ecology and Land Development: The Case of Amazonian Rainforest

Concern has been expressed regarding the longer-term ecological effects of forest clearance in tropical South America. Although indigenous exploitation in Amazonia is generally adaptive to the environment, modern agricultural and livestock developments are often less stable in character, resulting in low productivity exploitation systems and in land deterioration. The terrafirme zone is particularly vulnerable in this respect. In contrast, the vdrzea zone displays a higher potential for the exploitation of both terrestrial and aquatic resources and current land development should focus thereon. A spatial development model is proposed, emphasizing this ecological distinction. IN recent years, concern has been expressed regarding the scale and rapidity of forest clearance in tropical South America (Richards, 1973). Clearance is most widespread in Brazil where vast livestock and timber holdings are being established and where substantial peasant colonization is occurring; similar processes are apparent in lowland areas of Peru, Bolivia and Colombia. Budowski (1972, p. 384) has criticized 'the elimination of an extremely useful type of vegetation cover and its replacement by often terribly degraded lands'. Fosberg (1972, p. 388) suggests that 'there are other far better land-uses for at least some of these tropical forests than chopping them down and converting them into submarginal agricultural land'. Restraint has been urged; Denevan (1973, p. 133), for example, has concluded that 'road building and colonization in Amazonia probably should be restricted for now'. Similarly Sternberg (1973), while recognizing the difficulty of any 'hands-off' policy, urges that at least some extensive tracts of non-agricultural land be saved from degradation. Behind such views is the assumption that, in spite of the abundant unexploited land in Amazonia, existing development is ecologically, and hence economically, inappropriate; in the long run it will diminish regional resources and create land conditions which are difficult and costly to exploit. By implication, it is argued that greater agricultural benefit will derive from improving land of known and proven quality outside the rainforest. However, governments controlling Amazonia are proceeding apace with its development. They may acknowledge the ecological implications of their action (Anon., 1974), but are often thought inadequately responsive to them; as Sternberg (1 973, p. 262) caustically remarks, 'the rules of the game are that environmental concern should never impede development'. And this attitude is comprehensible. Settled areas of Brazil and the Andean states are experiencing serious socio-economic problems, which could be partly alleviated by forest development programmes; cogent political reasons also exist for the occupance of forest land (Rosenbaum & Tyler, 1971; Becker, 1974). In the short term, it is unlikely that the governments concerned will terminate or seriously curtail development programmes in the face of conservationist pressures. Consequently it is essential to ensure that forest development is sufficiently realistic from an ecological, as well as an economic, viewpoint to satisfy the long-term requirements of both conservationist and