Current Evolution Research Articles

Impact of Nepal-India Relations on Arun III Hydroelectric Project Implementation

The Arun III Hydroelectric Project, Nepal's largest hydropower enterprise, is a cornerstone of Nepal-India bilateral ties, demonstrating the intricate interaction of energy diplomacy, political dynamics, and economic cooperation. This paper investigates how these bilateral ties have impacted the implementation of the Arun III project, from its inception to its current evolution. It examines the historical framework of Nepal-India interactions, including political agreements, economic interdependence, and regional geopolitics, which have influenced the project's progress. The article also discusses the obstacles that have hampered the project's timely completion, such as border conflicts, economic blockades, and changes in political leadership. It also looks at the opportunities that come with effective partnership, with a focus on energy commerce and sustainable development in South Asia. This paper, using international relations theory and detailed case studies, provides a comprehensive understanding of how bilateral relations between Nepal and India have shaped the Arun III project's trajectory, as well as insights into the broader implications for cross-border infrastructure development in the region.

Valence Band-Tunable NiFe Electrocatalyst Triggered by the Dynamic Mo Exudation and Re-Deposition for Superior High Current Density Oxygen Evolution Reaction.

Developing energy- and time-efficient strategies to derive high-performance non-precious electrocatalysts for anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER), especially stably working at industrial-demanding current density, is still a big challenge. In this work, a concise molten salt erosion scenario was devised to rapidly modulate the smooth surface of the commercial NiMo foam substrate into the rough, electronically coupled, and hierarchically porous Ni/Fe/Mo(oxy)hydroxide catalyst layer assembled by the nanosphere array. This self-supported catalyst is super-hydrophilic for the alkaline electrolyte and distinguished by a balanced Mo leaching/surface-readsorption process to tune the metal d band center and electronic perturbation. The altered electronic environment with the favored OER intermediate adsorption behavior attains the outstanding OER activity in terms of a very small overpotential of 230.21 mV at 10 mA cm-2 and an ultra-long stability for 1179.45 h to sustain the initial commercial-level current density of ca. 1000 mA cm-2. This superb performance transcends most of the edge-cutting transition metal peers reported recently and can satisfy the standards of industrial applications. This industrial-compatible synthesis technology holds profound implications for hydrogen production via water splitting and other electrochemical applications.

Current status, evolution, and future perspectives in robotic platform systems for prostate cancer treatment: a narrative review.

Robotic surgery has contributed greatly to the shift from traditional surgery to minimally invasive surgery. Urology is the major field of application of robotic surgery. Several urological procedures, especially radical prostatectomy, benefit from the use of robotic surgery. Non-systematic research of the literature was performed using "Robot-assisted radical prostatectomy" and "Robotic platforms" as keywords to understand the actual situation and the future perspectives of this technology in prostate cancer treatment. The robotic platform landscape is constantly evolving. DaVinci has always been the mainstay in this field, particularly after the advent of the new single port platforms. New platforms are emerging, providing an alternative option to the well-known DaVinci system. Since in literature, few studies compare the use of different robotic platforms, their application in urological procedures is not yet widely used, for both oncological and non-oncological procedures. Furthermore, artificial intelligence begins to play a role in this landscape and could be useful for future developments. So further studies are warranted to give a full comprehension of the whole scenario. This review aims to analyze the current state of the use of robotic platforms in urology, particularly in radical prostatectomy, and to understand the evolution.

Detection of Internal Transport Barrier in the T-10 Tokamak Using Thomson Scattering Diagnostics

At the T-10 tokamak, the Thomson scattering diagnostics was upgraded in 2016. The new system is based on the Nd: YAG laser with the pulse repetition frequency of 100 Hz; the measurements can be performed every 10 ms during the entire plasma discharge at the spatial resolution of up to 5 mm. Using the upgraded diagnostics, the electron temperature measurements were performed during experimental campaigns of the T-10 tokamak in 2016—2018. In the regimes with the electron cyclotron resonance heating, it was demonstrated that the regions with increased temperature gradients form in the plasma, which was interpreted as the formation of internal transport barrier. The ASTRA-code-based simulations of the current profile time evolution made it possible to correlate the positions of the barrier and the rational surface q = 1.

Boron depletion in Galactic early B-type stars reveals two different main sequence star populations

Context. The evolution and fate of massive stars are thought to be affected by rotationally induced internal mixing. The surface boron abundance is a sensitive tracer of this in early B-type main sequence stars. Aims. We test current stellar evolution models of massive main sequence stars which include rotational mixing through a systematic study of their predicted surface boron depletion. Methods. We construct a dense grid of rotating single star models using MESA, for which we employ a new nuclear network which follows all the stable isotopes up to silicon, including lithium, beryllium, boron, as well as the radioactive isotope aluminium-26. We also compile the measured physical parameters of the 90 Galactic early B-type stars with boron abundance information. We then compare each observed stars with our models through a Bayesian analysis, which yields the mixing efficiency parameter with which the star is reproduced the best, and the probability that it is represented by the stellar models. Results. We find that about two-thirds of the sample stars are well represented by the stellar models, with the best agreement achieved for a rotational mixing efficiency of ∼50% compared to the widely adopted value. The remaining one third of the stars, of which many are strongly boron depleted slow rotators, are largely incompatible with our models, for any rotational mixing efficiency. We investigate the observational incidence of binary companions and surface magnetic fields, and discuss their evolutionary implications. Conclusions. Our results confirm the concept of rotational mixing in radiative stellar envelopes. On the other hand, we find that a different boron depletion mechanism, and likely a different formation path, is required to explain about one-third of the sample stars. The large spread in the surface boron abundances of these stars may hold a clue to understanding their origin.

Advanced multi-component FeCoCuAlMo intermetallic electrocatalysts for efficient and sustainable hydrogen evolution in alkaline freshwater and seawater

Electrolyzing seawater to produce hydrogen is a promising sustainable energy production technology. The current non-precious metal-based hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalysts demonstrate inadequate catalytic activity and poor stability in seawater electrolyte. Therefore, developing stable and efficient non-precious metal-based HER electrocatalysts is a major challenge for achieving sustainable green energy development. This work reports a multi-component intermetallic catalyst FeCoCuAlMo prepared by arc melting and chemical dealloying methods. The electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance of catalysts with varying atomic ratios (FeCoCu)20(Al70Mo30)80, (FeCoCu)30(Al70Mo30)70, (FeCoCu)40(Al70Mo30)60, and (FeCoCu)50(Al70Mo30)50 in alkaline seawater and alkaline electrolyte was studied. The findings indicate that these catalysts primarily consist of AlMo3 and (Cu0.35Fe0.35Co0.3)Al, among which the dealloyed (FeCoCu)30(Al70Mo30)70 exhibits excellent catalytic activity with overpotentials of 137.54 and 116.91 mV at a current density of 100 mA/cm2 in alkaline seawater and alkaline electrolyte, respectively, outperforming most catalysts. Additionally, it demonstrated long-term stability in alkaline seawater and alkaline electrolyte for 250 and 400 h without significant decay at overpotentials of 236 mV and 276 mV, respectively. This improved performance can be attributed to the unique structure of the multi-component intermetallic compound, which provides good thermodynamic stability and synergistic effects among its constituents, thereby enhancing HER performance. Within this multi-component intermetallic compound, AlMo3 particles serve as the primary conductive medium to accelerate electron transfer, while (Cu0.35Fe0.35Co0.3)Al serves as the main active site, resulting in a stable structure that provides the catalyst with high catalytic activity and good stability. Thus, the (FeCoCu)30(Al70Mo30)70 electrocatalyst is a promising candidate for seawater electrolysis aimed at hydrogen production.

Observations of Extremely Metal-poor O Stars: Weak Winds and Constraints for Evolution Models

Metal-poor massive stars drive the evolution of low-mass galaxies, both locally and at high redshift. However, quantifying the feedback they impart to their local surroundings remains uncertain because models of stellar evolution, mass loss, and ionizing spectra are unconstrained by observations below 20% solar metallicity (Z ⊙). We present new Keck Cosmic Web Imager optical spectroscopy of three O-type stars in the nearby dwarf galaxies Leo P, Sextans A, and WLM, which have gas-phase oxygen abundances of 3%–14% Z ⊙. To characterize their fundamental stellar properties and radiation-driven winds, we fit PoWR atmosphere models to the optical spectra simultaneously with Hubble Space Telescope far-ultraviolet (FUV) spectra and multiwavelength photometry. We find that all three stars have effective temperatures consistent with their spectral types and surface gravities typical of main-sequence dwarf stars. Yet, the combination of those inferred parameters and luminosity for the two lower-Z stars is not reproduced by stellar evolution models, even those that include rotation or binary interactions. The scenario of multiple-star systems is difficult to reconcile with all available data, suggesting that these observations pose a challenge to current evolution models. We highlight the importance of validating the relationship between stellar mass, temperature, and luminosity at very low Z for accurate estimates of ionizing photon production and spectral hardness. Finally, all three stars’ FUV wind profiles reveal low mass-loss rates and terminal wind velocities in tension with expectations from widely adopted radiation-driven wind models. These results provide empirical benchmarks for future development of mass-loss and evolution models for metal-poor stellar populations.

Pyrite activation in seawater flotation by copper and lead ions: XPS and in-situ electrochemical investigation

Pyrite, as the main carrier of gold, can be collected via flotation which consumes high volumes of fresh water. Seawater is the promising alternative to fresh water, especially in the fresh water deficient regions. However, pyrite flotation is usually ineffective in seawater, which requires activation prior to recovery. This study mainly focuses on the roles of Cu2+ and Pb2+ on pyrite flotation in seawater. The flotation and contact angle results indicated that Cu2+ and Pb2+ obviously increased pyrite recovery in seawater by enhancing its surface hydrophobicity. Further XPS studies revealed that the formation of Fe-S-Cu(I) and Fe-O-Cu(II) on pyrite surface due to Cu2+ activation while the presence of Fe-O-Pb(II) and Fe-SO-Pb(II) due to Pb2+ activation, thereby improving the active sites and adsorption of xanthate. In addition, the in-situ scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) results showed that the formation of Cu2+ and Pb2+ activated products increased the electrochemical reactivity of pyrite surface, which was the main reason for the improved pyrite floatability. Moreover, the current consequence evolution indicated that pyrite activation by Cu2+ was stronger than that by Pb2+. The SECM imaging also showed that the adsorption of xanthate decreased the electrochemical reactivity on pyrite surface, with more significant role observing on the activated surface than that of the un-activated pyrite. It should be noted that the Cu2+/Pb2+ activation and xanthate adsorption were distributed unevenly on pyrite surface. This study therefore provides an in-situ approach to understand the role of inorganic ions and reagents on pyrite flotation in seawater, providing a promising strategy to use seawater for the flotation recovery of gold.

The root cause of disruptive NTMs and paths to stable operation in DIII-D ITER baseline scenario plasmas

Abstract Analyses of the DIII-D ITER Baseline Scenario database support that the disruptive m,n=2,1 magnetic islands are pressure gradient driven, non-linear instabilities seeded in a sequence of stochastic transient magnetic perturbations, and that the current profile relaxation does not affect the m,n=2,1 island onset rate. At low torque, these Neoclassical Tearing Modes are most commonly seeded by non-linear 3-wave coupling when the differential rotation between the q=1 & q=2 rational surfaces approaches zero. Lack of statistically significant difference between the current profiles of stable and unstable states, as well as lack of correlation between the tearing mode onset rate and the current profile relaxation both reject causality between the current profile evolution and the 2,1 magnetic island onsets in these plasmas. These support that preserving the differential rotation between the q=1 and q=2 rational surfaces is key to long pulse stable operation in the plasma scenario planned for ITER, while optimization of the current profile within the explored parameter space may lead to much weaker improvements than sustaining the differential rotation.

A study based on high-density data examines the current status and evolution laws of heavy metal environmental capacity in the Bardawu area of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

As the first ladder of China, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has always been known as the “roof of the world”. Its environmental carrying capacity can be estimated more accurately than other regions because of its harsh natural environment, low population density, limited industrial and agricultural development, and low human activities. However, the current ecological risks of Co and threshold research are limited, and there is a lack of awareness of W’s environmental risks. Hence, this study assessed the ecological support potential of the Bardawu region within Dulan County, Qinghai Province, using 7373 soil specimens, determined regional soil baseline measures, and applied the substance equilibrium linear technique along with the ecological aggregate indicator technique to examine the heavy metal content of the soil. A comprehensive evaluation of the environmental capacity and health risks was conducted to provide a reference for pastoral planning. The findings indicated that the cumulative static ecological capacity of the six trace heavy elements in the soil was ranked as follows: Cr > Li > Ni > Cu > W > Co, with W and Co positioned as the final pair. The remaining areas with a high environmental capacity were predominantly found in the study zone. The central sector exhibited diminished environmental capacity in the southwest and northeast and presented a contamination hazard. Land use, soil type, and geological type considerably affected the six elements in the study area at the p < 0.05. The Bardawu region’s mean comprehensive index of soil environmental capacity was 0.98, indicating an intermediate level of environmental capacity and a moderate health risk. This study focuses on the geological context and influence of pastoral activities on the soil, augments the distribution of various elements across the Tibetan Plateau, and suggests preliminary soil governance strategies. The findings of this study lay the groundwork for soil environmental conservation and remediation efforts in highland regions.

Emerging Trends in Pre-Anesthetic Assessment: A Systematic Review of Novel Approaches and Technologies

In order to understand the current evolution, this systematic review examines the advances in preanesthetic assessment. Although the paper demonstrates the potential to revolutionize patient care, it also recognizes its limitations. These include publication bias and search limitations. At the same time, the general exposure to advances in preoperative care, including but not limited to technology and patient-centered approaches, may be valuable to the research. The nature of survey research is complicated because studies vary in quality and are prone to bias. Nevertheless, studies should be conducted on a regular basis, and techniques for assessing preanesthetic should be improved. Furthermore, this improvement should take into account patient outcomes and their subsequent need for surgical safety. Although achievements in assessment systems have limitations, prospective developments aim to fill gaps, including deficiencies in current approaches. This fact is beneficial for both patients and healthcare providers, and underscores the importance of innovation and EBP practices for preanesthetic assessment and overall quality of perioperative care.

La fonction des écrits dans les relations entre la théorie et la pratique en psychiatrie et psychologie clinique. À la mémoire de Georges Lanteri-Laura et de Jean Garrabé

Among the many ways in which knowledge is transmitted in psychiatry and clinical psychology, written communication has always been a vast field. But new means of expression and communication have brought about a diversity in the modalities used in teaching and personal training in the midst of the diversification of psychiatric currents, the means of exploration, and therapeutic methods. The relationship between theory and practice is central to the means of transmission in the specific characteristics of the different currents of French psychiatry: 1) Psychiatric conceptions which focus on the various neurobiological and biochemical networks, genetic research and artificial intelligence are confronted in their current evolution with the epistemological demands of explanation and understanding. And psychiatry, in all its complexity, cannot and will not be spared adopting these same demands; 2) The different psychopathological dimensions that underlie the various concepts of psychiatric disorders in children, adolescents and adults are constantly confronted with the relationship between theoretical conceptions and practical modalities, in the clinical relationship and in therapeutic conduct. In this article, we propose to address a certain number of reflections in this field, by questioning the principal psychopathological conceptions of today. And this reflection places great emphasis on the need to clarify concepts, perspectives and projects; 3) Epistemological dimensions can thereby render it possible to identify the numerous articles concerning the transmission of psychiatry and its fields: – First and foremost, studies on the relationship between theory and practice make it possible to distinguish between the various categories. They provide a clear understanding of the specific dynamics involved in understanding psychiatric disorders; – Studies on the relationship between the fields of time and life sciences correspond to very important epistemological attitudes that are very important to be taken into account. The neurosciences which are currently playing a key role in medicine and psychiatry usher us into “the knowledge of life”. These various studies compel us to consider just what the relationship is betweenthe “objectivity of the scientist” and the “subjectivity of the living”. We can then turn our attention to the anthropological concepts concerning the philosophy of life where we will find in the various psychiatric disorders the essential questions about the meaning of life that are present in the mind of every human being.

Dynamical evolution of the Uranian satellite system I.: From the 5/3 Ariel–Umbriel mean motion resonance to the present

Mutual gravitational interactions between the five major Uranian satellites raise small quasi-periodic fluctuations on their orbital elements. At the same time, tidal interactions between the satellites and the planet induce a slow outward drift of the orbits, while damping the eccentricities and the inclinations. In this paper, we revisit the current and near past evolution of this system using a N−body integrator, including spin evolution and tidal dissipation with the weak friction model. We update the secular eigenmodes of the system and show that it is unlikely that any of the main satellites were recently captured into a high obliquity Cassini state. We rather expect that the Uranian satellites are in a low obliquity Cassini state and compute their values. We also estimate the current variations in the eccentricities and inclinations, and show that they are not fully damped. We constrain the modified quality factor of Uranus to be QU′=(1.2±0.4)×105, and that of Ariel to be QA′=(7±3)×104. We find that the system most likely encountered the 5/3 mean motion resonance between Ariel and Umbriel in the past, at about (0.7±0.2) Gyr ago. We additionally determine the eccentricities and inclinations of all satellites just after the resonance passage that comply with the current system. We finally show that, from the crossing of the 5/3 MMR to the present, the evolution of the system is mostly peaceful and dominated by tides raised on Uranus by the satellites.

Multi-Group Polymer Coating on Zn Anode for High Overall Conversion Efficiency Photorechargeable Zinc-Ion Batteries.

The solar-driven photorechargeable zinc-ion batteries have emerged as a promising power solution for smart electronic devices and equipment. However, the subpar cyclic stability of the Zn anode remains a significant impediment to their practical application. Herein, poly(diethynylbenzene-1,3,5-triimine-2,4,6-trione) (PDPTT) was designed as a functional polymer coating of Zn. Theoretical calculations demonstrate that the PDPTT coating not only significantly homogenizes the electric field distribution on the Zn surface, but also promotes the ion-accessible surface of Zn. With multiple N and C=O groups exhibiting strong adsorption energies, this polymer coating reduces the nucleation overpotential of Zn, alters the diffusion pathway of Zn2+ at the anode interface, and decreases the corrosion current and hydrogen evolution current. Leveraging these advantages, Zn-PDPTT//Zn-PDPTT exhibits an exceptionally long cycling time (≥4300 h, 1 mA cm-2). Zn-PDPTT//AC zinc-ion hybrid capacitors can withstand 50,000 cycles at 5 A/g. Zn-PDPTT//NVO zinc-ion battery exhibits a faster charge storage rate, higher capacity, and excellent cycling stability. Coupling Zn-PDPTT//NVO with high-performance perovskite solar cells results in a 13.12 % overall conversion efficiency for the photorechargeable zinc-ion battery, showcasing significant value in advancing the efficiency and upgrading conversion of renewable energy utilization.

Multi‐Group Polymer Coating on Zn Anode for High Overall Conversion Efficiency Photorechargeable Zinc‐Ion Batteries

AbstractThe solar‐driven photorechargeable zinc‐ion batteries have emerged as a promising power solution for smart electronic devices and equipment. However, the subpar cyclic stability of the Zn anode remains a significant impediment to their practical application. Herein, poly(diethynylbenzene‐1,3,5‐triimine‐2,4,6‐trione) (PDPTT) was designed as a functional polymer coating of Zn. Theoretical calculations demonstrate that the PDPTT coating not only significantly homogenizes the electric field distribution on the Zn surface, but also promotes the ion‐accessible surface of Zn. With multiple N and C=O groups exhibiting strong adsorption energies, this polymer coating reduces the nucleation overpotential of Zn, alters the diffusion pathway of Zn2+ at the anode interface, and decreases the corrosion current and hydrogen evolution current. Leveraging these advantages, Zn‐PDPTT//Zn‐PDPTT exhibits an exceptionally long cycling time (≥4300 h, 1 mA cm−2). Zn‐PDPTT//AC zinc‐ion hybrid capacitors can withstand 50,000 cycles at 5 A/g. Zn‐PDPTT//NVO zinc‐ion battery exhibits a faster charge storage rate, higher capacity, and excellent cycling stability. Coupling Zn‐PDPTT//NVO with high‐performance perovskite solar cells results in a 13.12 % overall conversion efficiency for the photorechargeable zinc‐ion battery, showcasing significant value in advancing the efficiency and upgrading conversion of renewable energy utilization.

FeNi-LDH nanoflakes on Co-encapsulated CNT networks for stable and efficient ampere-level current density oxygen evolution

Developing low-cost but efficient electrocatalysts for continuous oxygen evolution reaction (OER) at ampere-level current densities can promote the hydrogen economy. LDHs are promising electrocatalysts to replace noble-metal-based catalysts for efficient OER, and rationally constructing LDH-based heterostructures can further boost their OER activities. Herein, we report the anchoring of FeNi-LDH nanoflakes onto MOF-derived carbon nanotube (CNT) networks on carbon cloth to obtain the self-supported LDH/CNT/CC. Benefiting from the advantages of its CNT network and the highly-active sites of its three-layer heterostructure, the optimized LDH/CNT/CC only requires a low overpotential of 200 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and exhibits robust stability under continuous electrolysis for 160 h at an ampere-level current density of 1 A cm−2. Theoretical calculations show three-layer FeNi-LDH(001)/graphene(002)/Co(111) slab has the lowest OER energy barrier, and its graphene layer can gain electrons from the FeNi-LDH and Co to show the most suitable binding strength for intermediates to facilitate OER.

(Invited) Thermoelectric Analysis of Dielectric Materials Properties for Neuromorphic Technologies

The effort made in recent years in the development of new memories has led to a significant advance in emerging technologies, which have proven their usefulness not only in the field of memories, but also to obtain devices that perform an artificial synapse and thus emulate biological neurons. Among the novel concepts, resistive-switching random access memory (RRAM), or memristive device, has attracted a great deal of interest for its ability to store multiple states. In fact, its operation is based on the so-called resistive switching, which consists of the formation of conductive filaments through a dielectric that separates two metal electrodes, allowing current to flow between them. The conductive filaments can be partially dissolved and re-formed, which explains the variation in conductivity and thus the existence of several different states, opening up possibilities for analog applications and brain-inspired computing systems. In the field of memories, two clearly differentiated states are used, called low resistance (LRS, when the filament is formed) and high resistance (HRS, when the filament is partially dissolved and does not completely join the two electrodes). The set process takes the structure to the LRS state, while the reset takes it to the HRS. Since the resistance of the memristor is not constant but depends on the previous states it has gone through, this device is non-volatile, i.e., it remembers its history [1].At the present time, when artificial intelligence-based applications are experiencing considerable momentum, there is a call for intensified research into memristive devices-based neuromorphic computing systems [2]. To achieve efficient, high-performance neuromorphic circuits, it is not enough to be able to switch the device resistance between two distinct values. In addition, the specific value of the conductivity at each time instant must be properly controlled so that the synaptic weights can be encoded. For this purpose, it is necessary to focus on the analysis of the dynamic evolution of the internal variables of the memristive devices, which necessarily implies a deeper understanding of the underlying physical processes that cause the variation of their resistance [3].In this work, a thermoelectric analysis of memristive devices is carried out, with special emphasis on time response and multilevel control. The studied structures are TiN/Ti/HfO2/W and TiN/Ti/HfO2/Pt/Cr metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitors, with several HfO2 -thickness values varying between 8 and 20 nm. Dielectric layers were atomic layer deposited (ALD). It is known that in the case of hafnium oxide layers sandwiched between these specific electrode materials, the resistive switching phenomenon is related to the distribution of oxygen vacancies inside the dielectric film, which occurs when oxygen atoms are drawn to the electrodes [4].Fig.1 shows the control of intermediate states in multilevel behavior, both in terms of I-V and small signals (conductance and capacitance measured at 500 kHz). The current evolution in the reset process after applying -0.8 V height-voltage pulse trains can be seen in Fig.2, which also shows the schematic of the experimental setup. On the other hand, Fig.3 depicts some results of the transient analysis; the amplitude of the current transients in both set and reset states have been superimposed on the external I-V loop. An example of the study of set and reset dynamics performed by applying variable speed voltage ramps is shown in Fig. 4, together with the experimental setup, this analysis has been carried out at different temperatures, between 77 and 350 K. All results shown in Figs. 1-4 correspond to a TiN/Ti/10 nm-HfO2/W structures, being TiN the top electrode and W the bottom one. Bias voltage is applied between top and bottom electrodes.The influence of the dielectric thickness on the resistive switching modes that the structures can exhibit is also addressed. Finally, some results on the physical and geometrical morphology of the conductive filaments, obtained from the analysis of the conduction mechanisms, are discussed.REFERENCES “Memristive devices for brain-inspired computing”. Edited by S. Spiga et al. Woodhead Publishing (2020). https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780081027820000253?via%3DihubLanza et al. Science 376, 6597 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abj9979 García et al. J. of Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 56, 365108 (2023) https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1361-6463/acdae0/meta C. Jasmin “Filamentary model in resisitive switching materials”. AIP Conf. Proc. 1901, 060004 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5010507 Figure 1

Evolution stage identification and spatial pattern analysis of Nitraria tangutorum nebkhas based on Gaofen-2 satellite data

The quantitative extraction and evolution stage identification of the Nitraria tangutorum nebkhas are the basis for the restoration of regional plants and the reconstruction of degraded ecosystems. In this paper, the Nitraria tangutorum nebkha in Dengkou County of China was taken as the research object. Through the spectral and texture information of Gaofen-2 satellite image, the quantitative extraction of Nitraria tangutorum nebkha area and coverage information was completed using methods of gray threshold method, mathematical morphology, FCLSU mixed pixel decomposition, kernel density spatial analysis; the current evolution stage of the Nitraria tangutorum nebkha was identified, and their spatial distribution characteristics were analyzed. The results showed that: (1) The user accuracy and mapping accuracy of Nitraria tangutorum nebkha extracted from Random Forest combined with object-oriented classification method were up to 90.32%. (2) The method proposed can achieve an accuracy of 93.76% in extracting the spatial position of Nitraria tangutorum nebkhas. (3) The evolution of Nitraria tangutorum nebkhas can be divided into three stages: embryonic or developmental stage, stable stage, and declining stage, with a proportion of 60.70%, 20.97%, and 18.33%, respectively; The Nitraria tangutorum nebkhas in the study area is mainly in their embryonic or developmental stage, and the proportion of Nitraria tangutorum nebkhas in the declining stage is also large. It can provide technical and theoretical support for the precise extraction of nebkhas in arid and semi-arid desert areas, the identification of their current evolutionary stages, and the study of their spatial distribution patterns.

Programmable Chemical Evolution with Natural/non-natural Building Blocks.

Non-natural building blocks (BBs) present a vast reservoir of chemical diversity for molecular recognition and drug discovery. However, leveraging evolutionary principles to efficiently generate bioactive molecules with a larger number of diverse BBs poses challenges within current laboratory evolution systems. Here, we introduce programmable chemical evolution (PCEvo) by integrating chemoinformatic classification and high-throughput array synthesis/screening. PCEvo initiates evolution by constructing a diversely combinatorial library to create ancestral molecules, streamlines the molecular evolution process and identifies high-affinity binders within 2-4 cycles. By employing PCEvo with 108 BBs and exploring >10^17chemical space, we identify bicyclic peptidomimetic binders against targets SAR-CoV-2 RBD and Claudin18.2, achieving nanomolar affinity. Remarkably, Claudin18.2 binders selectively stain gastric adenocarcinoma cell lines and patient samples. PCEvo achieves expedited evolution in a few rounds, marking a significant advance in utilizing non-natural building blocks for rapid chemical evolution applicable to targets with or without prior structural information and ligand preference.

Low Back Pain Risk Among Athlete: A Scientometric Study

Low back pain (LBP) emerges as a prevalent concern within the athletic community, characterized by a noteworthy proclivity for recurrence. The repeated occurrence of LBP substantially impedes athletes and adversely affects their performance. As such, it becomes imperative to discern the underlying factors contributing to injuries in the lumbar region. The scientometric analysis will provide a clear pathway for researchers to understand the current state and evolution of the theme research area of low back pain risk among athletes. No scientometric study on this theme has been undertaken until today. Therefore, this research objective was to collect data from the database to identify the present trend of low back pain risk, development patterns, and current research. Software that has been utilized for commonness, co-occurrence, clustering, co-citation and analysis of burst was CiteSpace. A scientometric review of studies on athletes' low back pain risk from 2000 to 2023 finds considerable additional studies in the amount of literature, the citation frequency, and the hotspots available. The most influential author is Douglas W. Jackson, the most influential article is Biomechanical measures of neuromuscular control and valgus loading of the knee predict anterior cruciate ligament injury risk in female athletes: a prospective study. Thoraco-lumbar spine is the most common cluster, whereas the most popular keyword is spondylolisthesis. In conclusion, low back pain is becoming one of the future study topics. Furthermore, many stakeholders must be aware of current trends and advances in the athlete's low back pain risk.