Current Doubler Rectifier Research Articles

A High-Efficiency IPT System With Series-Capacitor Full-Bridge Configuration and Inverse Coupled Current Doubler Rectifier for High-Input, Low-Voltage, and High Output Current Applications

A High-Efficiency IPT System With Series-Capacitor Full-Bridge Configuration and Inverse Coupled Current Doubler Rectifier for High-Input, Low-Voltage, and High Output Current Applications

Soft-Switched Isolated Half-Bridge Converter With Phase Balanced Series Capacitor Current Doubler Rectifier for Automotive Battery-to-Load Power Delivery

Soft-Switched Isolated Half-Bridge Converter With Phase Balanced Series Capacitor Current Doubler Rectifier for Automotive Battery-to-Load Power Delivery

A Constant Current Output Method for Low-Voltage and High-Current DWPT Systems Based on Inverse Coupled Current Doubler Rectifier

A Constant Current Output Method for Low-Voltage and High-Current DWPT Systems Based on Inverse Coupled Current Doubler Rectifier

Wireless Power Transfer System with Current-Doubler Rectifier on the Secondary Side—Analysis, Modeling, and Verification

In this paper, the proposal for the performance optimization of the wireless power transfer (WPT) system is given. The solution is based on the alternative configuration of the secondary-side rectifier. It is represented by a diode rectifier with a current doubler. Compared to the bridge rectifier, two diodes are replaced by the inductors. Initially, a system analysis was performed to investigate the electrical behavior and find the most optimal conditions referred to as terms of efficiency performance at nominal power. Due to this requirement, the rectifier inductors must be designed accordingly to meet this condition. The experimental verification was realized as well, while the proposed solution was compared to other common alternatives of the secondary-side rectification. The load sensitivity analysis in terms of efficiency performance was realized as well to observe the system behavior for a wide operation range. From the results, it is seen that the proposed alternative of the secondary-side rectification of the WPT system gives promising results in terms of high operating efficiency.

Design of High Step-Down Ratio Isolated Three-Level Half-Bridge DC–DC Converter With Balanced Voltage on Flying Capacitor

A high step-down ratio three-level half-bridge (TLHB) dc–dc converter with a current-doubler rectifier is presented for power conversion from a 48-to-60-V input to a 0.5-to-1-V output. The proposed TLHB topology and operation employed on the primary side improve the power-conversion efficiency by reducing the switching loss while minimizing the turn ratio of the transformer by converting the input voltage down to one quarter on the primary side. Moreover, it reduces the voltage stress on switches by half, thereby enabling the converter to be implemented with Si transistors with low breakdown voltage. The designed TLHB gate-driver IC minimizes the delay mismatches in gate drivers and mitigates the effect of the leakage inductance of the transformer, reducing the voltage imbalance on the flying capacitor without any balancing scheme in the controller. The proposed dc–dc converter implemented with 40-V Si transistors for the primary-side switches achieves 92.8% peak efficiency while supporting the maximum load current of 60 A and the maximum input voltage of 60 V. The converter with the proposed TLHB gate driver IC shows less than 0.8% voltage imbalance on the flying capacitor.

A Wireless Power Transfer System With Inverse Coupled Current Doubler Rectifier for High-Output Current Applications

In this paper, a series-series wireless power transfer (WPT) system combined with an inverse coupled current-doubler rectifier (ICCDR) is proposed, as a very appropriate WPT topology for high current applications. The ICCDR uses an autotransformer to reduce the losses on the rectifier stage, which is suitable for high current low voltage output applications. Furthermore, a comprehensive comparison between the proposed WPT system with ICCDR and the traditional WPT system with diode rectifier is presented. In the proposed WPT system, the primary parameter configuration and circuit behavior keep the same, while the secondary side altered, contributing to a volume reduction on the resonant capacitor. The system overall efficiency and power density are improved significantly. Accordingly, a 10kW 400V/48V WPT prototype for battery charging is constructed and tested to validate this proposal. The output voltage is in the range between 38 Vdc and 55 Vdc, and the rated output current is 200A. The overall efficiency of the proposed system reaches 94%, improving 2% efficiency with 220W energy saving with respect to the traditional diode-rectifier system, when 9.5kW output power is delivered. Theoretical analysis and experimental results have verified that the proposed system shows great advantages in high power WPT applications.

طراحی وشبیه سازی یک مبدل تمام پل شیفت-فاز بهبود یافته با مقدار RMS جریان و تنش ولتاژ کمتر

In this paper, an improved phase-shifted full-bridge (PSFB) dc-dc converter with coupled inductors and a current doubler rectifier (CDR) for battery charger applications in electric vehicles (EVs) is proposed. By using two coupled inductors as opposed to traditional output filter inductors, the RMS currents, the circulating current, and the voltage stresses on the secondary side are decreased. Besides, the zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) operation range is lengthened. Therefore, higher efficiencies are achieved. The two recursive inductors in the primary side have small and negligible values compared to the output inductors and, consequently, neither complex control systems nor extra components (like auxiliary circuits and active clamps) are needed. Thus, by using the proposed topology a simple structure with a simple control system will be obtained. Utilizing the proposed converter leads to reduce the RMS currents, the circulating current, and the voltage stresses on the secondary side. Besides, the cost and size of the system are not changed compared to the traditional one, as well. Moreover, the required energy for ZVS operation of power MOSFETs will be decreased which leads to higher efficiencies over a more extended operation range. Finally, the proposed and traditional converters have been simulated under the following conditions: the input voltage (150-250 V), switching frequency (200 kHz), the output voltage (75-85 V), and the output current (1.85-18.5 A). The simulation results validate the major benefits of the proposed phase-shifted full-bridge dc-dc converter over the traditional one.

Design and Implementation of Improved High Step-Down DC-DC Converter for Electric Vehicles

An improved high step-down DC-DC converter for charging the batteries in an electric vehicle application is proposed in this paper. It adopts the topology of the conventional full-bridge converter, which has a coupled inductor current-doubler rectifier as the secondary side of the transformer. In addition, four power switches are driven using a phase-shifting technique. The proposed converter can achieve a high step-down voltage with low-voltage stress on the rectifier diodes. In addition, the coupled inductor current-doubler rectifier of the secondary side can reduce the ripple current and losses of the secondary side to achieve high efficiency. Furthermore, the proposed converter can overcome the drawbacks of the conventional full-bridge converter, such as switching loss caused by high switching frequency, duty-cycle loss, voltage stress, and numerous components, and can increase the efficiency with the soft-switching technique. A 600 W laboratory prototype of the proposed converter was manufactured. The results of the experiments performed with the prototype proved the effectiveness and validated the use of the proposed converter for better charging of electric vehicles.

A high-power high-frequency self-balanced battery charger for lithium-ion batteries energy storage systems

Lithium-Ion traditional energy storage systems need bidirectional converters for the charging process and some separate systems for eliminating cells voltage imbalances. These systems have complex and voluminous structures due to numerous switches, multiple transformers, and several sensors. Here, a phase-shifted full-bridge (PSFB) converter with a current doubler rectifier and a voltage multiplier circuit for lithium-ion batteries is proposed. By combining both charging and balancing systems, a super-integrated system is achieved which simplifies the structure. Since the balancing circuit neither has power MOSFETs nor sensors and bulky magnetic components, a simple topology is obtained. By using the PSFB converter and the voltage multiplier circuit in charging and balancing sections, respectively, the proposed super-integrated converter benefits from simultaneous charging and balancing operations, high efficiency, simple structure, high power density, voltage imbalances eliminating, and proper isolation. The operation principles of the converter are analyzed, minutely. The charging and the balancing experimental results performed for 8 battery modules include 48 lithium-ion cells demonstrate simultaneous charging and balancing operations of the proposed self-balanced topology, as well.

Electromagnetic Compatibility Analysis and Optimization Design of Switching Power Supply Printed Circuit Board

Printed Circuit Board (PCB) is not only an important electrical module of information equipment, but also an important source of electromagnetic radiation. Only when PCB works normally and is compatible with other electrical equipment, the whole information equipment can work normally. Because of the complexity of PCB structure and the difficulty of modeling, the EMC (Electromagnetic Compatibility) analysis of PCB is very difficult. For this reason, Taking the widely used full bridge current double rectifier converter as an example, aiming at the electromagnetic compatibility problems caused by the PCB design of the switching power supply, this paper proposes a simulation method based on the electromagnetic field by establishing the near-field radiation model of the PCB, analyzes the areas with high radiation intensity in the PCB layout, by optimizing the layout and wiring of the PCB, the electromagnetic compatibility performance of the switching power supply is improved. The simulation results show that the near-field radiation characteristics of PCB can be predicted by introducing the electromagnetic field simulation method in the design stage, according to the characteristics of the magnetic field, the optimal design is realized, so that the EMC of the switching power supply reaches the standard, and finally the working performance of the switching power supply is improved.

Analysis of a PWM Converter with Less Current Ripple, Wide Voltage Operation and Zero-Voltage Switching

This paper studies and implements a power converter to have less current ripple output and wide voltage input operation. A three-leg converter with different primary turns is presented on its high-voltage side to extend the input voltage range. The current doubler rectification circuit is adopted on the output side to have low current ripple capability. From the switching states of the three-leg converter, the presented circuit has two equivalent sub-circuits under different input voltage ranges (Vin = 120–270 V or 270–600 V). The general phase-shift pulse-width modulation is employed to control the presented converter so that power devices can be turned on at zero voltage in order to reduce switching loss. Compared to two-stage circuit topologies with a wide voltage input operation, the presented converter has the benefits of simple circuit structure, easy control algorithm using a general integrated circuit or digital controller, and less components. The performance of the presented circuit is confirmed and validated by an 800 W laboratory prototype.

Battery Charger Based on a Resonant Converter for High-Power LiFePO4 Batteries

A new battery charger, based on a multiphase resonant converter, for a high-capacity 48 V LiFePO4 lithium-ion battery is presented. LiFePO4 batteries are among the most widely used today and offer high energy efficiency, high safety performance, very good temperature behavior, and a long cycle life. An accurate control of the charging current is necessary to preserve the battery health. The design of the charger is presented in a tight correlation with a battery model based on experimental data obtained at the laboratory. With the aim of reducing conduction losses, the general analysis of the inverter stage obtained from the parallel connection of N class D LCpCs resonant inverters is carried out. The study provides criteria for proper selection of the transistors and diodes as well as the value of the DC-link voltage. The effect of the leakage inductance of the transformer on the resonant circuit is also evaluated, and a design solution to cancel it is proposed. The output stage is based on a multi-winding current-doubler rectifier. The converter is designed to operate in open-loop operation as an input voltage-dependent current source, but in closed-loop operation, it behaves as a voltage source with an inherent maximum output current limitation, which provides high reliability throughout the whole charging process. The curve of efficiency of the proposed charger exhibits a wide flat zone that includes light load conditions.

A New Single-Stage 48-V-Input VRM Topology Using an Isolated Stacked Half-Bridge Converter

A buck-derived transformer-isolated converter topology has been proposed in this article for the single-stage 48-V voltage regulator module (VRM) application. The proposed converter uses a switched-capacitor voltage divider derived stacked half-bridge circuit in the primary side of the transformer. This simplifies the transformer structure and reduces device voltage ratings compared to the conventional half-bridge or a full-bridge circuit. Detailed circuit operation, analysis, and design of the proposed converter are presented. Further circuit modification is proposed to avoid unequal average inductor current sharing due to unequal resistances of the inductors in the secondary-side current doubler rectifier and consequent load-dependent dc shift in the transformer magnetizing current. An averaged small-signal ac equivalent circuit model of the converter is derived and validated against SIMPLIS simulation results. Finally, experimental results from a GaN device-based 45-A laboratory prototype demonstrates a maximum efficiency of 92.7%, which is higher than that of the state-of-the-art solution for the selected specifications, and exhibits faster dynamic response against load step variations.

Power Density Optimization of 700 kHz GaN-Based Auxiliary Power Module for Electric Vehicles

This article proposes a high-power density 1.8 kW auxiliary power module (APM) for electric vehicles (EVs) based on gallium nitride devices. A design procedure for the high-frequency phase-shift full-bridge with current-doubler rectifier using printed circuit board (PCB)-based planar magnetics is proposed. Leakage inductance analysis of the high-frequency pulsewidth-modulation converter is given to achieve both regulation and zero-voltage-switching turn- on . Then, the magnetics optimization procedure for the customized planar core is proposed with a magnetic figure-of-merit concept to meet the high-power density target. Technical considerations are detailed to meet the extreme temperature constraint imposed on the EVs components. Finally, the proposed APM is demonstrated with a switching frequency of 700 kHz and a power density of 8.1 kW/L (132.8 W/in3).

Principles and Design of an Integrated Magnetics Structure for Electrochemical Applications

This article presents an integrated magnetics (IM) structure that functions as a current-doubler rectifier (CDR). The proposed IM-CDR is suitable for electrochemical wastewater treatment applications where low-voltage high-current power converters are required for effective treatment. Electrochemical wastewater treatment is a promising technology that has several advantages compared to the traditional biological methods currently employed in the mining industry. However, the technology suffers from high operating cost due to the conduction losses associated with long cables or busbars that run from the source to the treatment cell carrying high current. The IM approach integrates the transformer and two filtering inductors of the discrete CDR (D-CDR) into one magnetic structure which allows for the secondary side of the structure to be packaged with the electrochemical cell, thus resulting in a HVdc distribution network, and as a result, lowers the conduction losses while still benefiting from the ripple cancellation offered by the CDR architecture. This article presents a design example to help the designer relate the required electrical characteristics of the D-CDR to the design parameters of the IM-CDR. A finite element analysis simulation is performed on the IM structure to validate the derived electrical equivalent model. The IM structure is also experimentally built in our lab, achieving a 97.8% efficiency over a 20–40 A load range.

Zero-Voltage and Zero-Current Switching Dual-Transformer-Based Full-Bridge Converter With Current Doubler Rectifier

A novel dual-transformer-based full-bridge (DT-FB) converter with a current doubler rectifier (CDR), which can solve the drawbacks of existing FB converters, is proposed in this article. In the primary side of the proposed converter, two switching legs, two transformers, and two blocking capacitors form two half-bridge inverters. The secondary side composes of two output filter inductors and four power diodes, which connect with the form of the CDR. By employing this structure, a wide range of zero-voltage switching for leading-leg and zero-current switching for lagging-leg can be achieved. In the proposed converter, the output power is shared by two small-sized transformers and inductors instead of large-sized ones, which contributes to the improvement of power density and efficiency. Compared with the traditional FB converter, the proposed converter can obtain higher voltage gain, better rectified voltage, and lower current ripple. The operation principle, theoretical analysis, and design considerations of the proposed converter are described in this article. A prototype with 300-380 V input and 100 V/ 10 A output is designed and tested to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed converter.

Phase-Shift PWM-Controlled DC–DC Converter with Secondary-Side Current Doubler Rectifier for On-Board Charger Application

A novel circuit topology for an on-board battery charger for plugged-in electric vehicles (PEVs) is presented in this paper. The proposed on-board battery charger is composed of three H-bridges on the primary side, a high-frequency transformer (HFT), and a current doubler circuit on the secondary side of the HFT. As part of an electric vehicle (EV) on-board charger, it is required to have a highly compact and efficient, lightweight, and isolated direct current (DC)–DC converter to enable battery charging through voltage/current regulation. In this work, performance characteristics of full-bridge phase-shift topology are analyzed and compared for EV charging applications. The current doubler with synchronous rectification topology is chosen due to its wider-range soft-switching availability over the full load range, and potential for a smaller and more compact size. The design employs a phase-shift full-bridge topology in the primary power stage. The current doubler with synchronous recitation is placed on the secondary. Over 92% of efficiency is achieved on the isolated charger. Design considerations for optimized zero-voltage transition are disused.

Phase-Shifted Full-Bridge Converter for a Half-Current-Multiplier Rectifier Using an Autotransformer-Based Filter

A half-current-multiplier rectifier (HCMR) is proposed, which is capable of increasing the output filter current of phase-shifted full-bridge (PS-FB) by 1.5 times. The HCMR filter is based on an autotransformer structure and improves the valid duty cycle of the PS-FB converter by using the induced current from the common winding. The primary current will decrease rapidly during the dead time period, effectively reducing the transition current level and the transition period. Accordingly, the new valid duty period is almost close to the terminal v <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">AR</sub> period, over the entire load range, and the power delivery goes nearly in the entire v <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">AR</sub> period. Experiments have shown that although the zero-voltage switching (ZVS) of all switches can usually implement in continuous-conduction mode (CCM) and most discontinuous-conduction modes (DCMs), it still performs excellently at light loads. Maintenance of 89%-94% high efficiency over a wide load range is like the performance of current-doubler rectifier (CDR) filter.

Interleaved centre clamped forward converter (ICCFC) for wide input voltage range applications

A new interleaved centre clamped forward converter for high current applications is proposed. It is a series input and series output structure with common active clamp reset branch. In the proposed converter, both the high input voltage stress and output current stress are reduced. The converter comprises of two active clamp forward converters with one common centre clamp reset circuit and the series output comprises of a current double rectifier (CDR) with self-driven synchronous rectifier (SDSR). The capacitor divider at the input reduces the switching stress due to input voltage. The common centre clamp circuit enables the transformer core reset without any additional circuit and enables zero volt switching. The SDSR-based CDR reduces burden on the secondary side of the transformer by an additional current sharing. Extended duty cycle beyond 50% is achieved. Overall reduction in the size of magnetic components with reduced part count and high-power density is attained. Prototype for 50 W with input voltage in the range of 50—200 V, 5 V/10 A output at 100 kHz was developed. The experimental results match the theoretical investigations.

A Dual Half-Bridge Converter With Current Doubler Rectifier

This article proposes a novel zero-voltage switching (ZVS) dc–dc converter to improve the performances of the traditional phase-shifted full-bridge converter. In the primary side, two half-bridge converters (HBCs), leading-HBC, and lagging-HBC are placed in parallel and are driven in a phase-shifted control. The secondary side is a current doubler rectifier (CDR) circuit consisting of four rectified diodes and two output filter inductors. With this structure, the proposed converter can achieve wide ZVS range, minimized circulating current, and low-current ripple of output filter. Furthermore, the current stress of lagging-HBC is lower than that of leading-HBC; different current-rated switches can be employed for the two HBCs, which is a benefit to optimize the ZVS conditions and cost. In this article, the operational principle and performances of the proposed converter are analyzed in depth. Finally, experimental results from a prototype (320–400 V input, 110 V/10 A output) are presented to validate the theoretical analysis.