Current Distribution Of Resources Research Articles

MODEL OF INTERACTIONS AND PHASE STATES IN THE DISTRIBUTION OF THE FREQUENCY RESOURCE IN THE GROUPING OF RADIO ELECTRONIC MEANS OF A 5G MOBILE COMMUNICATION NETWORK

Subject: interaction models and phase states in the distribution of the frequency resource in the grouping of radio electronic means of the 5G mobile communication network. Purpose: development of a dynamic model of multiple interactions of n-elements of a complex 5G mobile communication system, which takes into account the nature of inter-element connections and phase states in the group use of the frequency resource. Tasks: on the basis of a complex model of an n-element system with multiple interactions, to develop a mathematical model for describing the electromagnetic environment of a grouping of radio electronic means in a state space with a group use of a frequency resource; to analyze the phase states of interaction of the elements of the grouping system of radio-electronic means of the mobile communication system in which they can function without deteriorating the quality indicators, which reflect the total level of the group influence of the emitting elements on the receiving devices, under conditions of optimal distribution of the frequency resource. Methods: mathematical method of the state space of the system, which describes the nonlinear nature and phase states of the system, taking into account the intensity of the interaction of its elements. Results: A mathematical model of the electromagnetic environment of a grouping of radio-electronic devices based on the Volterra model has been developed, which characterizes their nonlinear nature of interactions in the group use of the frequency resource. A recurrent expression is obtained for modeling the assessment of the aggregate nature of electromagnetic interactions in a group of radio-electronic means. Modeling of the dynamics of interaction and phase states of the grouping of radioelectronic devices in the group use of the frequency resource has been carried out. Conclusions: It is shown that using a model that simulates the dynamics of interactions of a group of radioelectronic, it is possible to analyze its state in the future. This model makes it possible to analyze the grouping of radio-electronic means with different, specific parameters of individual types of radio electronic devices, the nature and intensity of their interaction in the grouping with the current distribution of resources.

Model of dynamics of the grouping states of radio electronic means in the problems of ensuring electromagnetic compatibility

A dynamic model of multiple interactions of n-elements of a complex mobile communication system is developed, which takes into account the nature of inter-element communications and phase states of the grouping of electronic devices. The model describes the electromagnetic environment of the grouping of electronic equipment in the state space during group use of a frequency resource.The simulation of the dynamics of interaction and phase states of the grouping of electronic equipment is done with the group use of the frequency resource.It is shown that at sufficiently large values of the growth coefficient of the number of electronic devices, both a sharp increase in the level of interaction intensity and a sharp decrease characteristic of those situations that occur in mobile communication systems during the busy hours in places of high density of mobile users can occur.The analysis of the dynamics of the grouping of radio-electronic means of a mobile communication system at different intensities of linear and non-linear multiple interactions, the combined nature of which is displayed by the normalized value of the signal/(jam+noise) ratio, is carried out. The dynamics of non-equilibrium states of the groups of 2 mobile networks at various values of the intensity of interactions is considered.It is established that the non-equilibrium state of the mobile communication system occurs when the total level of the group influence of the emitting devices on the receiving devices increases with a normalized value of the interaction intensity of more than 1.4.The conditions are identified under which the grouping of radio-electronic means of a mobile communication system can function without deterioration of quality indicators, characterized by the total level of group influence of radiating devices on receiving devices, under conditions of optimal frequency resource distribution.It is shown how, using the non-linear Volterra system, which simulates the dynamics of the interactions of a grouping of electronic equipment, it is possible to analyze its state in the future. This model allows to analyze the grouping of electronic equipment with various specific parameters of individual types of electronic equipment, the nature and intensity of their interaction in the group with the current distribution of resources

Assessing Relative Spending Needs of Devolved Government: The Case of Healthcare Spending in the UK

Ball R., Eiser D. and King D. Assessing relative spending needs of devolved government: the case of healthcare spending in the UK, Regional Studies. The block grants allocated to the UK's devolved administrations are not determined by any estimate of their spending needs. There are increasing calls to replace the current grant allocation mechanism with one that explicitly considers the devolved administrations' spending needs. This paper compares two existing formulae for estimating healthcare spending needs – used by the National Health Service (NHS) to allocate resources within England and Scotland – by applying both formulae to the devolved administrations. It is found that these formulae provide very similar estimates of the devolved administrations' healthcare spending needs, and both formulae imply that the current distribution of resources across the devolved administrations may be inequitable.

Saving Money or Just Saving Lives? Improving the Productivity of US Health Care Spending.

There is growing concern over the rising share of the US economy devoted to health care spending. Fueled in part by demographic transitions, unchecked increases in entitlement spending will necessitate some combination of substantial tax increases, elimination of other public spending, or unsustainable public debt. This massive increase in health spending might be warranted if each dollar devoted to the health care sector yielded real health benefits, but this does not seem to be the case. Although we have seen remarkable gains in life expectancy and functioning over the past several decades, there is substantial variation in the health benefits associated with different types of spending. Some treatments, such as aspirin, beta blockers, and flu shots, produce a large health benefit per dollar spent. Other more expensive treatments, such as stents for cardiovascular disease, are high value for some patients but poor value for others. Finally, a large and expanding set of treatments, such as proton-beam therapy or robotic surgery, contributes to rapid increases in spending despite questionable health benefits. Moving resources toward more productive uses requires encouraging providers to deliver and patients to consume high-value care, a daunting task in the current political landscape. But widespread inefficiency also offers hope: Given the current distribution of resources in the US health care system, there is tremendous potential to improve the productivity of health care spending and the fiscal health of the United States.

Resource reconstruction algorithms for on-demand allocation in virtual computing resource pool

Resource reconstruction algorithms are studied in this paper to solve the problem of resource on-demand allocation and improve the efficiency of resource utilization in virtual computing resource pool. Based on the idea of resource virtualization and the analysis of the resource status transition, the resource allocation process and the necessity of resource reconstruction are presented. Resource reconstruction algorithms are designed to determine the resource reconstruction types, and it is shown that they can achieve the goal of resource on-demand allocation through three methodologies: resource combination, resource split, and resource random adjustment. The effects that the resource users have on the resource reconstruction results, the deviation between resources and requirements, and the uniformity of resource distribution are studied by three experiments. The experiments show that resource reconstruction has a close relationship with resource requirements, but it is not the same with current distribution of resources. The algorithms can complete the resource adjustment with a lower cost and form the logic resources to match the demands of resource users easily.

An evaluation of the range and availability of intensive smoking cessation services in Ireland

A review of smoking cessation (SC) services in Ireland is a necessary step in improving service planning and provision. To assess the range and availability of intensive SC services in Ireland in 2006. A survey of SC service providers in Ireland was conducted. Descriptive analysis and simple linear regression analysis was used. Response rate was 86.3% (63/73). All service providers surveyed are employing evidence-based interventions; the most common form of support is individual counselling with initial sessions averaging 40 min and weekly review sessions 20 min in duration. Reaching the recommended target of treating 5.0% of smokers does not seem feasible given the current distribution of resources and there appears to be regional differences in resource allocation. While intensive SC services are available in all four Health Service Executive Areas, it would appear that there is little uniformity or consistency countrywide in the scope and structure of these services.

An evaluation of the range and availability of intensive smoking-cessation services in Ireland

A review of smoking cessation (SC) services in Ireland is a necessary step in improving service planning and provision. To assess the range and availability of intensive SC services in Ireland in 2006. A survey of SC service providers in Ireland was conducted. Descriptive analysis and simple linear regression analysis were used. Response rate was 86.3% (63/73). All service providers surveyed are employing evidence-based interventions; the most common form of support is individual counselling with initial sessions averaging 40 min and weekly review sessions 20 min in duration. Reaching the recommended target of treating 5.0% of smokers does not seem feasible given the current distribution of resources and there appears to be regional differences in resource allocation. While intensive SC services are available in all four Health Service Executive Areas, it would appear that there is little uniformity or consistency countrywide in the scope and structure of these services.

The distribution of resources in education in South Africa

A typical Lorenz-curve framework is used to measure inequality of resource allocation in education in South Africa. While reductions in the degree of inequality have been achieved over the past two decades, substantial inequalities remain. The current distribution of resources in education is much more unequal than that for developed countries, but it is not as unequal as that for developing countries.