Current Digital System Research Articles

Curated eLearning in South Africa: A user burgeoning perspective

Purpose: This investigates the role of curation as an agile way of improving learner experience in eLearning. The current eLearning systems in South Africa often fail to provide effective learning experiences due to their one-size-fits-all approach, such as the assumption that eLearning can replace the educator's role. The absence of a “support process” for eLearning hampers effective learning. The current Digital Eco System focuses on eLearning with limited regard for learner contexts.
 Methodology: The International Youth Foundation (IYF) “curated” a program consisting of a Google Certificate, Critical Thinking, and Life Skills called “Skills for Success” (S4S). The curated program was completed by 500 learners. A survey of the learners was conducted to interpret user experience. A literature review, including journals, conferences, books, and websites, supports the research survey. The researcher’s experience and observations are also documented. Concepts and Categories are identified from where “themes” are identified. Findings are made using grounded theory.
 Findings: The grounded theory process indicates that the learning landscape requires a “Curated Learning System”. Process curation includes WhatsApp, Email, Telephonic Support, Zoom, Teams, and SMS, whilst content curation includes Critical-Thinking, Passport-to-Success and a Google Certificate, all delivered in one program called “Skills for Life”. The “curation” of eLearning consists of “process” as well as “content” for more effective programs. Traditional support from facilitators is required in a non-traditional format. The research is confined to the “curation” of learning that is delivered online. Quality of Learner Management and online eLearning systems are excluded.
 Recommendations: From the themes, the research supports the role of content and process-curated learning, a need for more agility in eLearning delivery, and the importance of having a Home Space, a Work Space, and a “Third Space” where effective learning can occur. The research also shows how technology drives the development of a Digital Framework for delivering effective learning programs and the evolution of Homo Digitalis.

Online Voting System using Blockchain Technology

A widespread mistrust towards the traditional voting system has made democratic voting in any country very critical. People have seen their fundamental rights being violated. Other digital voting systems have been challenged due to a lack of transparency. Most voting systems are not transparent enough; this makes it very difficult for the government to gain voters' trust. The reason behind the failure of the traditional and current digital voting system is that it can be easily exploited. The primary objective is to resolve problems of the traditional and digital voting system, which include any kind of mishap or injustice during the process of voting. Blockchain technology can be used in the voting system to have a fair election and reduce injustice. The physical voting systems have many flaws in it as well as the digital voting systems are not perfect enough to be implemented on large scale.Furthermore,the methodology for carrying out blockchain transactions during the process of voting has been elaboratedusing Blockchain Finally, the performance evaluation of the proposed system shows that the system can beimplemented in a large-scale population

FCM Clustering on Interaction Pattern Analysis of Chinese Language Learner Behavior.

In order to meet the needs of the current personalized education, improve the shortcomings of the current digital learning system in personalized learning, and introduce the service concept into education, the development and research of the personalized learning system based on the analysis of user behavior patterns has become the development of digital learning. This paper studies a language learning method, that includes obtaining the user's language learning interaction data to determine the user's language level: wherein, the user's language level data includes the user's initial language level and the current language level; initial learning model: according to the current language level, an adaptive algorithm is used to update the initial learning model, and the user performs linguistics further according to the updated learning model. In addition, in order to realize the clustering analysis of Chinese language online learning users' learning behavior, since the Fuzzy C-means (FCM) clustering results are easily affected by the selection of their initial cluster centers, a Harmony Search (HS)-FCM-based Chinese language learning user learning behavior clustering analysis is proposed. The participation dimension, focus dimension, regularity dimension, interaction dimension, and academic performance are selected as the analysis indicators of learning behavior. The learner level is divided into 5 levels, namely excellent, good, medium, qualified, and poor. Compared with HSFCM, and decision tree, it is found that the algorithm Improved HS (HIS)-FCM in this paper has higher clustering accuracy, faster convergence speed, and lower fitness, which provides new opportunities for learner level division and optimization of course learning.

Evaluation System of Smart Logistics Comprehensive Management Based on Hospital Data Fusion Technology.

With the acceleration of the informatization process, but because of the late start of the informatization construction of logistics management, the current digital system construction of logistics management has not been popularized, and the intelligent logistics integrated management evaluation system is also extremely lacking. In order to solve the lack of existing intelligent logistics comprehensive management evaluation system, this paper introduces the research of intelligent logistics comprehensive management evaluation system based on hospital data fusion technology. This paper analyzes and utilizes the Kalman filter and adaptive weighted data fusion technology in data fusion technology and then analyzes the evaluation index and system design principles of the intelligent logistics comprehensive management evaluation system and then designs the application layer from the application layer. Design the application layer from the application layer. Then design the framework of the intelligent logistics comprehensive management evaluation system at the network layer and the data layer. The system is finally tested, and the test results show that the evaluation accuracy of the system reaches 80%.

A Framework to Make Voting System Transparent Using Blockchain Technology

A widespread mistrust towards the traditional voting system has made democratic voting in any country very critical. People have seen their fundamental rights being violated. Other digital voting systems have been challenged due to a lack of transparency. Most voting systems are not transparent enough; this makes it very difficult for the government to gain voters’ trust. The reason behind the failure of the traditional and current digital voting system is that it can be easily exploited. The primary objective is to resolve problems of the traditional and digital voting system, which include any kind of mishap or injustice during the process of voting. Blockchain technology can be used in the voting system to have a fair election and reduce injustice. The physical voting systems have many flaws in it as well as the digital voting systems are not perfect enough to be implemented on large scale. This appraises the need for a solution to secure the democratic rights of the people. This article presents a platform based on modern technology blockchain that provides maximum transparency and reliability of the system to build a trustful relationship between voters and election authorities. The proposed platform provides a framework that can be implemented to conduct voting activity digitally through blockchain without involving any physical polling stations. Our proposed framework supports a scalable blockchain, by using flexible consensus algorithms. The Chain Security Algorithm applied in the voting system makes the voting transaction more secure. Smart contracts provide a secure connection between the user and the network while executing a transaction in the chain. The security of the blockchain based voting system has also been discussed. Additionally, encryption of transactions using cryptographic hash and prevention of attack 51% on the blockchain has also been elaborated. Furthermore, the methodology for carrying out blockchain transactions during the process of voting has been elaborated using Blockchain Finally, the performance evaluation of the proposed system shows that the system can be implemented in a large-scale population.

A Digital Signature Model Using XAdES Standard as a Rest Service

The digital signature of documents and degrees is a topic widely discussed in the Federal Public Administration. Several laws and ordinances were created to standardize the issuance, validation and legal validity of digitally signed documents in national territory, such as the ordinances created by the Ministry of Education (MEC) to regulate the issuance of degrees in digital format. These ordinances created guidelines and standards that must be adopted by Federal Universities for the signing of in digital format. The main objective of this work is to study these ordinances, the main technologies and digital signature standards used in the literature to create a digital signature system model for University of Brasília-UnB, which complies with the MEC and ICP-Brazil standards. Moreover, the model must be developed with the main standards and technologies in the market, cohesive to the current UnB architecture, easy to maintain and update to new standards that may emerge, and also be a fully open source project. An architectural model and a prototype in Java language were developed using XAdES4j library as a microservice intermediated by the bus used in UnB. The prototype developed was compared with the current digital signature system named C3Web. The comparative tests and results between the two solutions showed that the current system used in UnB does not perform the signature in accordance with the standard proposed by the MEC, in addition to being a private system using proprietary technologies for the execution of digital signatures. The tests performed with the proposed model demonstrated that it performs the digital signature in accordance with the XAdES-T standard, regulations of the MEC and ICP-Brazil. In addition, the solution presented a performance comparable to the current system used by UnB with a little more effective security than the current system used. The current model developed in this work can be a basis for the creation of future subscription systems for Brazilian Universities.

A Theoretical Approach For Developing A Semantic Analysis IIR Tool

An IIR (intelligent information retrieval) is a machine learning system used by users to retrieve the massive volume of information available through the internet. IIR offers personalization and efficiency in the current internet development allowing users to examine and acquire appropriate information. The paper will focus on the keyword searching issues of the current digital library system. The proposal is to choose a model that solves the issue using metadata case base and concept-based approach. The aim is to introduce a set of categories and concepts in the domain field that demonstrates some relations between them. As a result, poor quality of information retrieval in digital library system will be solved. The experiment has demonstrated that the already developed domain-specific ontology can be efficient for query advancement. Many researchers have used semantic retrieval technology using concepts to solve problems that lack semantics in traditional retrieval technology. Using concepts in ontology enhances search results.

Design of Administrative Information Systems Puskesmas (SIAPUS) Sawah Besar District

The government's commitment to provide health insurance to the wider community is evidenced by the establishment of puskesmas throughout Indonesia. The Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia for Healthier Indonesia, the motto is the motivation of the puskesmas to improve its performance. Puskesmas is a health agency sector that develops rapidly with population growth. Quality of service is a central point of puskesmas. Along with the era of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 marked by the emergence of various digital innovations impacted on the health services of health centers. From observations that have been made previously, there was a gap in current digital system at the puskesmas where patient, poly, doctor, midwife examination, medical records, recipes, drug history, internal referral, laboratory examinations and internal referral feedback scattered in many divisions have not been integrated resulting in slowed service speeds, data sharing, transaction processing, information distribution has not been running optimally. The impact felt by the human resources that run the system in all divisions, including burnout, increased exhaustion, high chance of human error. The solution through the development of digital-based systems is the most appropriate reference in overcoming the obstacles that occur. Puskesmas information system (SIAPUS) is an application that integrates all data and information spread in all divisions easily and is transparent. Security system is the main key to protect data and information. SIAPUS is equipped with a unique code, notification system and is responsive. The benefit principle becomes an important point of SIAPUS implementation that is able to protect data and information effectively and efficiently, patients get comfort in every treatment, improve time and process efficiency and performance in each division or management, sharing data and information is served by a single database management system. In this study, the system development method needed by the author applies the Spiral model, namely: customer communication, planning, risk analysis, engineering, construction and launch, and customer evaluation. The results of the study are expected to produce a better administration information system application that can help the performance of health centers in data processing and public health reporting that can later answer the various problems that have been faced so far.

Study on real-time optical sampling of chaotic laser for all-optical physical random number generator

Absolutely secure communication should be implemented only through the ‘one-time pad' proposed by Shannon, requires that physical random numbers with rates matched with the associated communication systems be used as secret keys. With the wide application of the WDM technology in optical communication, the single channel rate of the current digital communication system has exceeded 10 Gb/s and developed towards 100 Gb/s. To ensure the absolute security of such a large capacity communication, a large number of real-time, and secure random numbers are needed.#br#Secure random numbers are commonly produced through utilizing physical random phenomena, called physical random number generators. However, conventional physical random number generators are limited by the low bandwidth of the applied entropy sources such as thermal noise, photon-counting and chaotic electrical circuits, and thus have typical low bit rates of the order of Mb/s.#br#In recent years, chaotic lasers attracted wide attention due to their generation of secure, reliable and high-speed random number sequences, and so due to their coherent merits such as high bandwidth, large amplitude fluctuation and ease of integration. There have been lots of schemes based on laser chaos for high-speed random number generation, but most of them execute the random number extractions from the associated laser chaos in the electrical domain and thus their generation rates are faced with the well-known ‘electrical bottleneck'. On the other hand, all-optical random number generation (AO-RNG) methods are all signal processes in the optical domain, so they can efficiently overcome this rate limitation and have a great potential in generating ultrafast random numbers of several dozens or hundreds of Gb/s. However, there is no experimental report on its realization of AO-RNG. One of the obstacles in the way for the AO-RNG achievement is to implement the fast and real-time all-optical sampling of the entropy signals (i.e., laser chaos).#br#In this paper, we present a principal experimental demonstration of the feasibility in the all-optical sampling of the chaotic light signal through constructing a TOAD-based all-optical sampler with a polarization-independent semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA). Specifically, we experimentally generate chaotic laser signals using an optical feedback semiconductor laser and finally complete a 5 GSa/s real-time and high-fidelity all-optical sampling of the chaotic laser with a bandwidth of 6.4 GHz. Further experimental results show that whether the optical sampling period is proportional to the external cavity feedback time or not has a great effect on the weak periodic suppression of the chaotic signal: only when both of them are out of proportion, can the weak periodicity of the original chaotic signal be effectively eliminated; and this is favorable for the generation of high-quality physical random numbers. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first time to realize all-optical sampling of chaotic signal in experiments.

Design and Implementation of Digital Television Closed Caption

In China, closed caption is the latest technology standard separating the caption from the image. In current digital television system, it is an urgent issue to be resolved that how to implement the real-time transmission of closed caption with its host video. This paper proposed a kind of closed caption and its representation method. It also designed a closed caption data structure based on XML and provided a solution about how to package XML file and XML Schema file into MXF files.

Research on the High-Speed Object Shadowgraph Image Processing Method Based on Adaptive Threshold Segmentation

Shadowgraph is an important method to obtain the flight characteristics of high-speed object, such as attitude and speed etc. To get the contour information of objects and coordinates of feature points from shadowgraph are the precondition of characteristics analysis. Current digital shadowgraph system composed of CCD camera and pulsed laser source is widely used, but still lack of the corresponding method in image processing. Therefore, the selection of an effective processing method in order to ensure high effectiveness and accuracy of image data interpretation is an urgent need to be solved. According to the features of shadowgraph, a processing method to realize the contour extraction of high-speed object by adaptive threshold segmentation is proposed based on median filtering in this paper, and verified with the OpenCV in VC environment, the identification process of the feature points are recognized. The result indicates that by using this method, contours of high-speed objects can be detected nicely, to combine relevant algorithm, the pixel coordinates of feature points such as the center of mass can be recognized accurately.

Experimental study on near wall transport characteristics of slug flow in a vertical pipe

In this work, the wall shear stress and the mass transfer coefficient of the gas–liquid two-phase upward slug flow in a vertical pipe are investigated experimentally, using limiting diffusion current probes and digital high-speed video system. In experiments, the instantaneous and averaged characteristics of wall shear stress and mass transfer coefficient are concerned. The experimental results are compared with the numerical results in previous paper of the authors. Both experiment and numerical simulation show that the superficial gas and liquid velocities have an obvious influence on the instantaneous characteristics of the two profiles. The mass transfer coefficient has characteristics similar to the wall shear stress. The instantaneous wall shear stress and mass transfer coefficient profiles have the periodicity of slug flow. The averaged wall shear stress and mass transfer coefficient increase with increased superficial gas velocity. However, there is inconsistency in the variation trends of the averaged wall shear stress and mass transfer coefficient with superficial liquid velocity between experimental result and numerical simulation result, which can be attributed to the difference in flow condition. Moreover, the Taylor bubble length is also another impacting factor. The experimental and numerical results all shows that the product scale can not be damaged directly by the flow movement of slug flow. In fact, the alternative forces and fluctuations with high frequency acting on the pipe wall due to slug flow is the main cause for the slug flow enhanced CO2 corrosion process.

A new transmission system for the advanced satellite broadcast

Current satellite digital broadcasting transmission system "ISDB-S" employs digital modulation schemes, BPSK, QPSK, and 8PSK combined with a concatenated code consists of convolution code and Reed-Solomon code. While, in recent years, transmission systems adopted LDPC codes have been developed. Multi-level digital modulation schemes combined with LDPC codes can achieve more efficient transmission. In this paper, we propose a new transmission system employed LDPC, multi-level modulation and advanced TMCC signal <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> .

Experimental study on hydrodynamic characteristics of upward gas–liquid slug flow

To clarify the impacts of the hydrodynamic boundary layer and the diffusion boundary layer in the near wall zone on gas–liquid two-phase flow induced corrosion in pipelines, the hydrodynamic characteristics of fully developed gas–liquid slug flow in an upward tube are investigated with limiting diffusion current probes, conductivity probes and digital high-speed video system. The Taylor bubble and the falling liquid film characteristics are studied, the effects of various factors are examined, and the experimental results are compared with the data and models available in literature. The length of Taylor bubble, the local void fraction of the slug unit and the liquid slug, the shear stress and mass transfer coefficient in the near wall zone, are all increased with the increase of superficial gas velocity and decreased with the increase of superficial liquid velocity, whereas the length of liquid slug and the liquid slug frequency are changed contrarily. The alternate wall shear stress due to upward gas–liquid slug flow is considered to be one of the major causes for the corrosion production film fatigue cracking. A normalized formula for mass transfer coefficient is obtained based on the experimental data.

Digital imaging system for assessing posterior capsular opacification: a preliminary report

Purpose: Posterior capsular opacification (PCO) is the commonest complication of cataract surgery. The aim of this work is to develop a system that could be used by primary care practitioners to monitor the progression of PCO using familiar equipment.Methods: A Kodak DCS 100 (Eastman Kodak, Rochester, NY, USA) digital data back, which uses a Nikon F3 body, was connected to the camera port of a Nikon FS‐2 photo slit‐lamp. A fixation stimulus was developed and systematic studies carried out to determine optimum exposure and slit‐lamp settings using patients recruited from the YAG laser capsulotomy clinic at the Royal Eye Unit, Kingston Hospital. In all cases conventional illumination was used. Inter and intraobserver trials were then carried out using observers ranging from a non‐clinician to an experienced ophthalmologist. All images were analysed using ImagePro Plus image processing software prior to statistical analysis.Results: Optimum slit‐lamp parameters were found to be a 45° slit beam angle, 3 mm slit width and 25× magnification. The flash intensity was set to 2. The optimum camera and digital storage unit speed settings were both ISO 200 for fibrotic PCO but 800 and 1600, respectively, for Elschnig pearl type PCO. Intra‐observer repeatability gave ±0.375 mm (95% confidence) variation in fixation. However, initial results from interobserver trials showed significant variability.Conclusions: The current digital assessment system uses a standard piece of consulting room equipment coupled to a digital 35 mm camera. Initial results indicate that it should be suitable for use in monitoring PCO although a more exact measurement protocol is required to reduce interobserver variability. Work is currently underway to complete validation trials and to find suitable image statistics.

Measuring small internal pressures along a tube during steady flow

A tube that can accurately measure small strains and pressure profiles during flow of non-Newtonian paste explosives has been designed and strain gaged. Equiangular rosette strain gages were installed along the length of a 6-mm-dia, 0.46-m-long thin-walled aluminum tube. The rosettes were oriented in the classical stress-gage configuration to measure circumferential stress and hence internal pressure independent of other stresses. The tube was static calibrated on a floating-piston pressure calibrator. Steady flow calibration was accomplished by extruding a viscous Newtonian silicone oil. Inlet pressure ranged from 0.52 to 2.1 MPa (75 to 300 psi). For the low-pressure 0.52-MPa silicone oil extrusion, the full-scale strain levels varied from 6 to 53 ..mu..m/m. For all eight strain gage stations, the maximum deviation from a linear pressure profile was equivalent to 0.5 ..mu..m/m. A pulsed current excitation signal-conditioning and digital data-acquisition system provided the necessary stability and precision to measure these unusually low strain levels accurately.

A panel session on “digital system education”

This panel is composed of the chairmen of the task forces of the DISE (Digital Systems Education Committee). DISE is a project sponsored by the NSF and managed by University of Pittsburgh for the purpose of generation and dissemination of educational material on all aspects of digital system education. The panel members will discuss the current activities of these task forces and then seek the audience's participation in learning more about the status and need of current digital system education.