Currency Question Research Articles

A tale of two currencies: talking about money and (De)Securitising moves in the 2014 Scottish independence referendum

ABSTRACT This article investigates a ‘tale of two currencies’ that played out during the 2014 Scottish Independence Referendum. Taking our cue from securitisation literature, we examine what happens when currency is framed as a security issue and threat. Studying this case, however, we find that the Copenhagen School underestimate the ability of actors to perform (de)securitising moves within interactive games about financial security. In such instances, we contend that currency can have significant yet unpredictable effects on how security can be spoken, enacted, and contested. Drawing attention to the heated debates that erupted during the two televised debates aired by STV and BBC, we reveal that the question of currency shaped the ‘Better Together’ and ‘Yes’ campaigns during the 2014 referendum in divergent ways. In the process, we find that currency offers new opportunities for understanding how money can speak security in Scotland and beyond.

A Vision of the Settlement of the Sino-Japanese War and the Question of Currency in Central China

A Vision of the Settlement of the Sino-Japanese War and the Question of Currency in Central China

A PANEL DATA APPROACH TO THE BEHAVIOURAL EQUILIBRIUM EXCHANGE RATE OF THE ZAR

The question of currency over- or undervaluation is often asked and implies the existence of an equilibrium exchange rate (EER). The aim of this research was to determine the long-term EER of the South African rand using the behavioural equilibrium exchange rate (BEER) methodology. This paper used a panel of data from South Africa's main trading partners to estimate the relationship between the EER and its fundamental determinants using dynamic ordinary least squares (OLS) and fully modified OLS. The average coefficients obtained describe the long-term behaviour of the individual countries' real exchange rates. Substituting the observed fundamental time series into the estimated equation derives the EER for each country and over- and undervaluation can be determined. The results indicated that the fundamental value of the exchange rate was driven by economic growth, the openness of the economy, its foreign reserves, the real gold price and capital expenditure. The exchange rate also fluctuated considerably around its equilibrium level but there is not long sustained periods of over- and undervaluation.

Sweden: ‘Hitchhiking’ and the Euro Referendum

The author introduces the concept of 'political and economic hitchhiking' to explain the Swedish government's approach to handling the single currency question in national politics in Sweden

Monetary Patriotism: The Letters of Malachi Mabgrowther, The Antiquary, and the Currency Question

Monetary Patriotism: <i>The Letters of Malachi Mabgrowther, The Antiquary</i>, and the Currency Question

Monetary Patriotism: The Letters of Malachi Mabgrowther, The Antiquary, and the Currency Question

Monetary Patriotism: <i>The Letters of Malachi Mabgrowther, The Antiquary</i>, and the Currency Question

Bryan's “a cross of gold:” The rhetoric of polarization at the 1896 democratic convention

Speaking during the platform debate at the 1896 Democratic convention, Nebraska's famous orator William Jennings Bryan delivered his impassioned speech, “A Cross of Gold.” This speech employed the radical's rhetorical technique of polarization. The currency question became a flag issue that symbolized the gulfs between the rich and the poor and between the East and the West. Although many authorities believe, perhaps correctly, that this speech gained him the nomination for President of the United States, Bryan did not adapt to the greater diversity of interests and viewpoints of the national audience.

Cobden's stance on the currency and the political forces behind the approval of the Bank Charter Act of 1844

Contemporary scholars consider the banking legislation of the first half of the nineteenth century, to have inhibited the development of British industry, However, some doubts about this conception should have arisen due to Richard Cobden's stance on the currency question in general and on the Bank Charter Act of 1844 in particular. Cobden, who is usually viewed as a representative of industrial interests, was expected to oppose the Bank Act. However, he did not. This paper attempts to show how can Cobden's views regarding monetary policy be reconciled with his stand as one of the most prominent leaders of industry at the time.

Lost and Found Department: A Gilded Age President

Ari Hoogenboom's fine Rutherford B. Hayes: Warrior and President is the first full life of the nineteenth president since Harry Barnard's 1954 biography. Gracefully written and rich with quotations from Hayes's voluminous diaries and letters, Hoogenboomr's lengthy account offers a highly sympathetic portrait of both as a representative nineteenth-century American and as an effective politician. Contrary to most textbook images of the Gilded Age, Hoogenboom argues that Hayes's presidency strengthened the office and contributed to the evolution of twentieth-century American political institutions. Hoogenboom, thoroughly familiar with the rich literature of the past forty years on Reconstruction and Gilded Age politics, replaces Barnard as the historian's guide to Hayes's public life. Like Barnard, he makes the case for a president whose entire career, both as a candidate and chief executive, was awash in controversies-between sections, between president and Congress, between parties, and within his own GOP. Hoogenboom sees as a man committed to achieving as much political reform as the era and his party's needs would tolerate. author sympathetically assesses Hayes's role in the major issues of his presidency: the federal government's abandonment of the remaining Reconstruction governments in the South, the use of federal troops to end the nationwide railroad strike of 1877, the currency question, civil service reform, the treatment of Native Americans and Chinese Americans. Good arguments are made for the probity of Hayes's intentions, the moderation of his actions, and the political impossibility of achieving better results than he did. Also like Barnard, Hoogenboom begins his biography with Thomas Wolfe's invocation of Garfield, Arthur, Harrison, and Hayes as The Four Lost Men in his famous meditation-short story of that title in From Death to Morning (1935), a work that still challenges historians of the late nineteenth-

The Internationalization of Yen and Key Currency Questions

The role of the yen in the International financial system is reconsidered from a comparative (historical) approach. Compared with the D-Mark in the postwar years, the limited use of the yen results not so much from regulations on capital movements as from the structure and behavior of Japanese economy. The history of the pound-sterling and the U.S. dollar reveals the fact that such factors as the network of foreign trade and economic size constitute the basis and “inertia” of a key-currency. Thus for a currency to rise to a key-position in global transactions, real factors are more decisive than financial market arrangement. Seen from the foreign economic relations, it is not possible for Japan to own a key-currency independent from the U.S. dollar.

The Internationalization of Yen and Key Currency Questions

The role of the yen in the international financial system is reconsidered from a comparative (historical) approach. Compared with the D-Mark in the postwar years, the limited use of the yen results not so much from regulations on capital movements as from the structure and behavior of Japanese economy. The history of the pound-sterling and the U.S. dollar reveals the fact that such factors as the network of foreign trade and economic size constitute the basis and inertia of a key-currency. Thus for a currency to rise to a key-position in global transactions, real factors are more decisive than financial market arrangement. Seen from the foreign economic relations, it is not possible for Japan to own a key-currency independent from the U.S. dollar.

MEDLINE on CD‐ROM and the question of currency: a review of the effect of integration of Compact Cambridge's MEDLINE with Reference Update

MEDLINE on CD‐ROM and the question of currency: a review of the effect of integration of Compact Cambridge's MEDLINE with Reference Update

The European Monetary System and international currency questions

As the recent struggles connected with the readjustment of exchange rates within the European Monetary System have shown, the relatively unproblematic “running in” period of the EMS, which was supposed to be a constructive contribution to the creation of a more viable international monetary system, is over. Dr. Matthes doubts that the EMS can live up to the original expectations and argues in favour of a restoration of the US dollar to its function as the key currency of the Western monetary system.

Political Dimensions of the Currency Question 1945-1947

Political Dimensions of the Currency Question 1945-1947

Some Thoughts on Thoroughness and Carefulness Suggested by Comparing the Reports of the Aylesbury Meeting of 24 February 1830 in The Times and the Bucks Gazette

Recently, The Journal of British Studies published my response to Professor Richard Davis's assertion that my arguments concerning the sources of the effective demand for parliamentary reform in the years immediately preceding the first Reform Act were an hallucination (Is 'The Other Face of Reform' in Bucks an 'Hallucination?' XV, 2 [1976], 150-58), and Davis's reply, in which he not only reiterated his assertion but admonished me to be thorough and more careful (Yes, ibid., 159-61). Readers may remember that Davis's admonition concerned my use of The Times instead of a local paper to discover what happened at a meeting in Aylesbury on 24 February 1830. They may remember, too, that the immediate importance of the meeting derived from the use Davis made of it in his book, Political Change and Continuity, 1760-1885: a Buckinghamshire Study (Newton Abbot, 1972; Hamden, Conn., 1972). As he explained in his book, this meeting was undoubtedly a part of Moore's 'country' reform (p. 80). Ostensibly, however, it showed that this movement bore no relationship at all to the issues I had emphasized. In particular, there was the currency question with which, ostensibly, no one at the meeting--indeed, no one in Bucks-was concerned. Readers may recall, further, that when my curiosity had been thus aroused, I read the report of the meeting in The Times for 1 March 1830 -this paper being readily available while the Bucks Gazette for 27 February 1830, which Davis cited as the source of his information, was not. Thereby reassured-for, according to The Times's report, the currency question was heavily emphasized by almost every speaker at the meeting even though it was not mentioned in the resolutions adopted at the meetingI wrote my response, quoting from the statements of some speakers, alluding to the statements of others, to illustrate the importance which they attributed to the question. o e Thoughts on Thoroughness and arefulness Suggested by Comparing e Reports of the Aylesbury Meeting 24 February 1830 in The Times

Allied Control Council for Germany

Quadripartite Activity: Failure to find a solution of the Berlin currency problem after the question had been considered by the United Nations Security Council was evident when the replies of the western powers and the Soviet Union to Dr. Juan Atilio Bramuglia's questions about the problem were made public on November 26, 1948. The Soviet reply stated that an agreement on the four-power control plan would mean the simultaneous lifting of the Berlin blockade and a return to four-power collaboration in the administration of Berlin, which in effect would mean resumption of direct conversations on the currency questions among the four military governors. The western powers made it clear that they considered the unity of Berlin city administration as the basic prerequisite for an agreement. Several days later, on November 30, a city government was installed in the Soviet sector of Berlin, with Friedrich Ebert as its mayor and on December 21, the western military governments announced formal reconstitution of the Allied Kommandatura on a three-power basis. In announcing the move, Brig. Gen. Jean Ganeval, French sector commandant, stated that fourparty administration of the city could be resumed any time that Soviet authorities decided to abide by agreements to which the four powers were committed.

In re Watson.

Measure of Damages — General Assessment — Question of Currency.

Minor Papers on the Currency Question 1809-1823 by David Ricardo. Jacob H. Hollander

<i>Minor Papers on the Currency Question 1809-1823 by David Ricardo</i>. Jacob H. Hollander

The Currency Question on the Pacific Coast During the Civil War

The Currency Question on the Pacific Coast During the Civil War

The Indian Currency Question

The Indian Currency Question