Kale Research Articles

Microbial and Biochemical Biofungicides Ineffective Against Alternaria Black Spot on Organic Kale

In South Carolina, the disease black spot on kale is caused by the fungi Alternaria brassicicola and A. japonica. Because all kale cultivars are presumed to be susceptible, organic producers may apply biofungicides to prevent or manage black spot. Microbial and biochemical biofungicides were tested in the greenhouse (12 products) and the field (10 products) against black spot caused by both Alternaria spp. on organically produced kale. Thereafter, three biofungicides (copper hydroxide, potassium silicate, and Reynoutria sachalinensis extract) were tested in the field on three kale cultivars. Although several biofungicides reduced black spot in the greenhouse compared with the water-treated control, no biofungicides did so in the field even though they were applied preventatively before plants were inoculated. Biofungicides also did not increase the weight of healthy leaves compared with the water-treated control in any field experiment. Conversely, two biofungicides that increased the severity and incidence of black spot in the greenhouse, B. amyloliquefaciens F727 and potassium bicarbonate, reduced weights of healthy leaves in the field. On average, curly kale cultivar Winterbor had fewer diseased leaves than curly kale cultivar Darkibor, and lacinato kale cultivar Toscano had fewer diseased leaves than curly kale. Winterbor also consistently produced greater healthy leaf weight than Darkibor. Biopesticides are not recommended against black spot on organic kale. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .

Extraction, catalytic study and milk-clotting properties of proteases from Brassicaoleracea

Proteases were extracted and biochemically characterized from different Brassica oleracea varieties (B. oleracea var. palmifolia (black cabbage, BC), B. oleracea var. sabellica (curly kale, K), and B. oleracea var. botrytis (white cauliflower, WC)). Calf rennet (CR) and Cynara cardunculus crude extracts (CC) were used as reference samples. The catalytic study used two different substrates: the synthetic peptide Bz-Phe-Val-Arg-pNA (BPVA-pNA), which contains para-nitroaniline (pNA), and azocasein (AzC) as a macromolecular substrate. The effect of temperature and pH on the proteolytic activity were also evaluated. Brassica proteases were further proposed as milk coagulants, and their coagulating efficiencies were evaluated. Bovine casein was incubated with the plant extracts, and the relative breakdown products were observed through electrophoresis. BC, K, and WC contain proteases which hydrolyze the macromolecular substrate (AzC) and synthetic peptides with Arg in P-1 (BPVA-pNA). Therefore, among the three B. oleracea varieties and control extracts, K leaf extracts displayed greater catalytic efficiency against AzC. Brassica extracts showed a lesser milk clotting index but visible milk curd formation. More importantly, the protease activities of BC and K extracts exhibited great catalytic activity over a broad range of pH (3.6–9.0) and temperatures (40–70 °C) using AzC as a substrate. Current pH and thermal tolerance results indicate that B. oleracea var. palmifolia and B. oleracea var. sabellica proteases could have broad applications in food technology. Many plant resources, which could represent potential sources of efficient proteases, are still unexploited.

Biochar influences on phytochemical composition and expression genes of curly kale at different treatment times

Biochar influences on phytochemical composition and expression genes of curly kale at different treatment times

Curly Kale (Brassica oleracea var. Sabellica L.) Biofortified with 5,7-Diiodo-8-quinolinol: The Influence of Heat Treatment on Iodine Level, Macronutrient Composition and Antioxidant Content.

Many disorders are a result of an inadequate supply of macronutrients and micronutrients in the diet. One such element is iodine. This study used curly kale (Brassica oleracea var. Sabellica L.) biofortified with the 5,7-diiodo-8-quinolinol iodine compound. The effect of the heat treatment on the chemical composition of the curly kale was studied. In addition, iodine bioavailability was evaluated in in vivo studies. Our investigation showed that iodine loss depends on the type of heat treatment as well as on the variety of kale. Curly kale biofortified with iodoquinoline had significantly higher iodine levels after thermal processing (steaming, blanching, boiling) than the vegetable biofortified with KIO3. Generally, steaming was the best thermal processing method, as it contributed to the lowest iodine loss in curly kale. The red variety of kale, 'Redbor F1', showed a better iodine stability during the heat treatment than the green variety, 'Oldenbor F1'. The thermal treatment also significantly affected the dry matter content and the basic chemical composition of the tested varieties of the 5,7-diI-8-Q biofortified kale. The steaming process caused a significant increase in total carbohydrates, fiber, protein and crude fat content ('Oldenbor F1', 'Redbor F1'), and antioxidant activity ('Oldenbor F1'). On the other hand, boiling caused a significant decrease, while steaming caused a significant increase, in protein and dry matter content ('Oldenbor F1', 'Redbor F1'). The blanching process caused the smallest significant decrease in ash compared to the other thermal processes used ('Oldenbor F1'). A feeding experiment using Wistar rats showed that iodine from the 5,7-diI-8-Q biofortified kale has a higher bioavailability than that from the AIN-93G diet. A number of promising results have been obtained, which could form the basis for further research.

DETERMINATION OF SOME MINERAL ELEMENTS LEVEL IN VEGETABLES SOLD IN YANKABA MARKET KANO STATE, NIGERIA

This study was conducted to analyze the levels of some mineral element contents of broccoli, cauliflower, curly kale, red cabbage, and lentils sold in Yankaba Market of Kano State, Nigeria. Samples of these vegetables were obtained from the market and analyzed for some mineral elements (calcium, Cobalt, Copper, iron, potassium, magnesium, manganese, sodium, and zinc) contents using standard methods. The mineral elements analysis showed that the samples had calcium ranging from 43.09 to 76.67 mg/kg, cobalt 0.04 to 2.33 mg/kg, Copper 0.89 to 7.20 mg/kg, iron 0.71 to 9.88 mg/kg, Potassium 12.83 to 69.09 mg/kg, magnesium 15.63 to 86.63 mg/kg, Manganese 0.51 to 1.77 mg/kg, Sodium 8.65 to 37.36 mg/kg, and Zinc 0.7-11.88 mg/kg. atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) method was used to determine the level of these elements. The results for the analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated that (P>0.05) in all samples, this shows that there was no significant difference among the samples analyzed. The study revealed that the vegetables from the Yankaba market contain some appreciable amount of essential nutrients and mineral elements needed to maintain good nutritional status that will benefit consumers.

Advanced up and down methodology for acute toxicity assessment with reliable LD50 verified by aqueous extract of curly kale using wistar rats

Advanced up and down methodology for acute toxicity assessment with reliable LD50 verified by aqueous extract of curly kale using wistar rats

Identification and Characterization of Mercury Contamination in Vegetables and Herbs Cultivated on a Commercial Vertical Indoor Farming System with Light-Emitting Diode Lighting: Unveiling an Unusual Food Safety Risk of Some Improperly Manufactured High-Density Agricultural Production Systems.

Artificial grow lights, such as light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and fluorescent grow lights, are commonly used in modern day indoor farming, citing advantages in energy efficiency and a higher controlled environment. However, the use of LEDs poses a risk in mercury contaminations as a result of its production process, specifically LEDs with polyurethane encapsulates that were traditionally produced using mercury resins as a catalyst. A total of 10.0 ppm of mercury was detected in a curly kale sample harvested from an indoor hydroponic vegetable farm, exceeding Singapore Food Regulation's limit of 0.05 ppm. Vegetables, farming inputs, and surface swabs from the affected farm were analyzed using wet acid digestion followed by cold vapor atomic absorption spectroscopy analysis. The investigation found high concentrations of mercury in the LED encapsulant, and the encapsulant material was identified to be polyurethane by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis, indicating the source of mercury contamination to be the LED polyurethane encapsulant.

A Cold Case—Glucosinolate Levels in Kale Cultivars Are Differently Influenced by Cold Temperatures

Among the Brassica oleracea L. crops, kale has gained increased global recognition in recent years as a healthy food item due to its high nutritional value and versatility. Additionally, the diversity of different kale varieties has started to be explored across large latitudes from the Mediterranean to north temperate climates. Specifically, glucosinolates are the predominant phytochemicals found in kale leaves, contributing to the specific taste of this vegetable, and they are affected by environmental factors such as temperature. To date, no study has investigated the effect of chilling on glucosinolate diversity and, thus, the taste in genetically different kale cultivars at the same time. Given the variability of glucosinolates observed among cultivars, we evaluated the impact of acclimation to cold temperatures on glucosinolate levels in curly kale, Lacinato kale, and a feral type using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-qTOF-MS). We targeted the short-term impact (after 12 h) on glucosinolates as well as the longer-term effect (after seven days) of cold acclimation. Our results revealed different molecular patterns regarding the change in glucosinolates in the feral type compared to curly kale and Lacinato-type kale. In the latter ones, primary aliphatic glucosinolates were induced (the glucoraphanin in Lacinato kale increased by more than 200%). The indole glucobrassicin was not significantly affected. Conversely, in the feral type the indole glucobrassicin was reduced by 35% after cold acclimation, whereas aliphatic glucosinolates were hardly affected. The results indicate that both genetic and environmental factors are important for the composition of glucosinolate patterns in kale. In conclusion, to obtain plants with an improved nutritional value, considering both temperature and the choice of cultivar is crucial during kale cultivation. Future breeding attempts of kale should also emphasize the cultivar-dependent cold acclimation patterns reported here.

Effect of Different Levels of Foliar Spray of Water-soluble Fertilizer NPK on Growth, Yield and Quality of Curly Kale (Brassica oleracea var. Acephala)

A trial was conducted at the Vegetable Research Farm, Department of Horticulture, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Prayagraj (UP) during 2022 to study the “Effect of different levels of foliar spray of water-soluble fertilizer NPK on growth yield and quality of Curly Kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephala)”results revealed that maximum plant height, leaf area, days to germination, days to leaves picking ,number of leaves per plant, average leaves weight, yield per plot, yield per hectare, TSS and chlorophyll content were found in T6 {5% (N.P.K. 20:20:20) + 75% RDF.

Map-based cloning and CRISPR/Cas9-based editing uncover BoNA1 as the causal gene for the no-anthocyanin-accumulation phenotype in curly kale (Brassica oleracea var. sabellica).

Brassica oleracea comprises several important vegetable and ornamental crops, including curly kale, ornamental kale, cabbage, broccoli, and others. The accumulation of anthocyanins, important secondary metabolites valuable to human health, in these plants varies widely and is responsible for their pink to dark purple colors. Some curly kale varieties lack anthocyanins, making these plants completely green. The genetic basis of this trait is still unknown. We crossed the curly kale inbred line BK2019 (without anthocyanins) with the cabbage inbred line YL1 (with anthocyanins) and the Chinese kale inbred line TO1000 (with anthocyanins) to generate segregating populations. The no-anthocyanin trait was genetically controlled by a recessive gene, bona1. We generated a linkage map and mapped bona1 to a 256-kb interval on C09. We identified one candidate gene, Bo9g058630, in the target genomic region; this gene is homologous to AT5G42800, which encodes a dihydroflavonol-4-reductase-like (DFR-like) protein in Arabidopsis. In BK2019, a 1-bp insertion was observed in the second exon of Bo9g058630 and directly produced a stop codon. To verify the candidate gene function, CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology was applied to knock out Bo9g058630. We generated three bona1 mutants, two of which were completely green with no anthocyanins, confirming that Bo9g058630 corresponds to BoNA1. Different insertion/deletion mutations in BoNA1 exons were found in all six of the other no-anthocyanin kale varieties examined, supporting that independent disruption of BoNA1 resulted in no-anthocyanin varieties of B. oleracea. This study improves the understanding of the regulation mechanism of anthocyanin accumulation in B. oleracea subspecies.

Pengaruh Hasil Larutan Fermentasi Daun Gamal terhadap Pertumbuhan, Produktivitas dan Kualitas pada Tanaman Kale Curly (Brassica oleracea var. sabellica)

This research aims to determine the effect of giving gamal leaf ferment solution on the growth, productivity and quality of kale plants and to obtain the concentration of gamal leaf ferment solution which has an optimum effect on the growth, productivity and quality of curly kale plants. The research method used in this study is the experimental method. The results showed that based on the results of the test of variance, liquid organic fertilizer (POC) fermented gamal leaves with concentrations of 0%, 40 ml/l, 80 ml/l, 120 ml/l and 180 ml/l had a very significant effect on plant growth. kale curly seen from plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, and crown width, then related to the effect of giving gamal leaf ferment solution on the productivity of Kale Curly plants shows that there is a very significant effect on the parameters of root wet weight and root dry weight for each concentration given , whereas for the parameters of shoot wet weight and shoot dry weight did not show a significant effect, then on the quality of kale curly plants showed that there was a very significant treatment of POC fermented gagal leaves on total chlorophyll, but not significantly different for chlorophyll A, chlorophyll B, and vitamin C. So that it can be concluded that in this study the administration of fermented gamal leaves had a very significant effect on the growth of kale culy plants, for productivity there was a very significant effect on the parameters of root wet weight and root dry weight, but not with shoot wet weight and shoot dry weight , while for the quality of kale curly there was a very significant treatment for total chlorophyll, but not for chlorophyll A, chlorophyll B, and vitamin C, while the most optimum concentration of fermented galam leaves for growth, productivity, and quality of kale curly was administration of fermented gamal leaves with a concentration of 120 ml/l.
 Keywords: Gamal Leaves Fermentation, Quality, Growth, Productivity, Curly Kale Plant

Thidiazuron Promoted Microspore Embryogenesis and Plant Regeneration in Curly Kale (Brassica oleracea L. convar. acephala var. sabellica)

Curly kale (Brassica oleracea L. convar. acephala var. sabellica), the most common type of edible kale, characterized by providing rich nutrition and health care functions, is sought after and has been listed as top of the healthiest vegetables in recent trends, and has aroused the interest of breeders in cultivating new varieties. However, it usually takes more than six years to obtain a homozygous kale inbred line for commercial seed production through conventional breeding procedures due to its long growth and development period. The isolated microspore culture (IMC) technique could be a time-saving alternative method for producing doubled haploid (DH) lines that are genetically homozygous. In this study, we successfully utilize the efficient cytokinin thidiazuron (TDZ) to promote microspore embryogenesis and plant regeneration in two curly kale cultivars (‘Winterbor F2’ and ‘Starbor F2’). Compared with the control (0 mg/L TDZ), all tested TDZ concentrations (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 mg/L) had no adverse effects on embryogenesis, and 0.2 mg/L TDZ had an optimal effect on embryo survival and plant regeneration of the two genotypes. For ‘Starbor F2’, 0.2 mg/L TDZ treatment achieved the highest embryogenesis rate (1.83-fold higher than the control group) and direct seeding rate (1.61-fold increase), and the lowest mortality rate. Likewise, 0.2 mg/L TDZ increased the embryogenesis rate of ‘Winterbor F2’ by 1.62 times, the direct seeding rate by 1.61 times, and the mortality rate fell to the lowest. A 1/2 Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with 0.2 mg/L 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) can significantly promote the rooting of the regenerated seedlings. These results provide new insights into the practical application of the IMC technique in shortening the breeding cycle of kale.

The Effects of Rabbit-Manure-Derived Biochar Co-Application with Compost on the Availability and Heavy Metal Uptake by Green Leafy Vegetables

The use of organic amendments to enhance plant growth is increasing due to horticulture activities and vegetable cultivation in urban areas. Consequently, as organic amendments impact heavy metal solubility and plant uptake of unknown contaminants, the risk of human exposure to potentially toxic elements from contaminated soils and compost is increasing. Biochar co-application with compost may reduce the risk-related increased metal uptake by edible plants. To verify this thesis, a greenhouse experiment was established to examine the effects of rabbit-manure-derived biochar (RBC) on Cu, Cr, Cd and Pb uptake by five green leafy vegetables (lettuce—Lactuca sativa L., spinach—Spinacia oleracea L., corn salad—Valerianella locusta L., kale—Brassica oleracea L., mustard greens—Brassica juncea L.) cultivated in compost substrate and soil amended with a 30% (v/w) mix of compost and biochar. The results indicated that the addition of biochar decreased Cu, Cr, Cd and Pb availability in the tested substrates, reducing the uptake of Cd in spinach by 61% and Pb in mustard greens by 73%. The application of RBC also had some adverse effects, such as enhanced accumulation of Cr by kale, lettuce and mustard greens cultivated in compost. Compost co-application with biochar to soil decreased the availability of metals, reducing the content of Pb and Cd in tissues of the tested vegetables, while uptake of Cu and Cr was enhanced in spinach and lettuce by 20%. In conclusion, the application of compost and biochar can be beneficial in improving the quality of urban soil used for horticulture purposes. However, more attention by gardeners should be paid to soil and compost testing in terms of heavy metal contamination and possible adverse effects of organic amendments application for green leafy vegetable cultivation.

In vivo maternal haploid induction based on genome editing of DMP in Brassica oleracea.

In vivo maternal haploid induction based on genome editing of DMP in Brassica oleracea.

Characterization and Comparison of Raw Brassica and Grass Field Sensorial and Nutritional Quality

This study reports a characterization of the nutritional quality of several vegetables belonging to Brassica genus and other species cultivated in the central Italy. The aim of this trial is to investigate the antioxidant capacity and phytochemical content of several vegetable products during two consecutive years. The sensorial quality is investigated with the measuring of soluble solid content (SSC), titratable acidity (TA) and pH; the nutritional quality is investigated by the measurement of the total antioxidant capacity (TAC), the total phenols content (TPH), the total anthocyanins content (ACY), and the vitamin C content. The results confirm the highest antioxidant capacity of Brassica genus, in particular, the red curly kale (13.68 and 11.97 mM Trolox/kg fw in the two locations tested); among other vegetables analyzed, the most interesting are chicory and borage (10.3 and 11.94 mM Trolox/kg fw in the first year of cultivation in Valdaso, respectively). A high intake of these vegetables may bring a lot of health benefits linked to their antioxidative capacity and the vitamin C content.

Extracts of Common Vegetables Inhibit the Growth of Ovary Cancer Cells.

There is recent interest in a diet that can be recommended for patients suffering from cancer. In this respect, the effects were studied of the extracts of several common fruits, herbs and vegetables on the viability of two human ovary cancer cell lines (SKOV-3 and PEO1) in vitro. Normal human MRC-5 fibroblasts were used as a control cell line. The extracts of garlic, horseradish and curly kale as well as green and black tea were the most effective in lowering the viability of ovarian cancer cells, while not affecting the viability of MRC-5 fibroblasts. Except for garlic and horseradish, the cytotoxic effects of the extracts correlated with their polyphenol content. The examination of changes in the content of ATP and glutathione, in the level of reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial potential and mitochondrial mass did not show a consistent pattern, suggesting that various extracts may act via different mechanisms. Although the extracts’ toxicity to cells in vitro is a first and direct suggestion concerning their possible anticancer effects in vivo, these results point to potential vegetable candidates to become diet components recommended for ovary cancer patients.

Developmentally related and drought-induced shifts in the kale metabolome limited Salmonella enterica association, providing novel insights to enhance food safety

Plants influence epiphytic bacterial associations but Salmonella enterica colonizes crop plants commensally, raising the possibility of human foodborne illness, but the factors that mediate human pathogen-plant associations remain understudied. We evaluated whether any changes in leaf tissue and surface metabolomes with kale (Brassica oleracea Acephala group) development and in response to drought modulated Salmonella leaf association. Untargeted phytochemical profiling (including primary and secondary metabolites) of kale leaf tissue extracts and leaf surface washes revealed distinct metabolite profiles that shifted with plant development. Metabolomes of juvenile plants also diverged in response to drought stress, an effect not noted in mature kale. Restricted watering in juvenile plants led to up-accumulation of 45 compounds in leaf tissue and 21 in leaf wash and the appearance of several unique peaks, with concomitant increases in phytochemical measurements. The antioxidant capacity and total flavonoid content were higher in mature than juvenile, regularly watered plant leaf extracts. Drought also elicited flavonoids and glucosinolates in juvenile plants. In mature plants, drought did not induce further prominent changes. Regularly watered juvenile kale provided a favorable substrate for inoculated Salmonella but the ability to support Salmonella declined with age and with drought stress. Salmonella growth was impaired in mature or water-stressed plant washes compared to controls and positive correlations were detected between Salmonella counts on leaves and in leaf washes. Moreover, Salmonella counts were inversely correlated with total flavonoids and phenolics in kale tissues from juvenile plants and regularly watered plants. Future studies should assess how changes in primary and secondary metabolites on the kale plant surface can modulate the Salmonella association. Regulated water restriction could be a strategy in controlled agriculture, with the dual purpose of enhancing health beneficial quality and food safety, especially when harvested at the baby kale stage.

Skin Care Product Rich in Antioxidants and Anti-Inflammatory Natural Compounds Reduces Itching and Inflammation in the Skin of Atopic Dermatitis Patients.

The atopic dermatitis (AD) complex pathogenesis mechanism reveals marked changes of certain signaling factors as well as some morphological alterations in the epidermis. Reduced resilience against environmental factors and oxidative stress often makes the treatment with corticosteroids or tacrolismus ointments indispensable. In view of the correlation between oxidative stress and AD pathological factors, antioxidants can be incorporated into AD management strategies. This study investigates a curly kale, apple and green tea-containing natural extract rich in antioxidants for its effects on signaling inflammatory molecules and skin barrier enhancement in human epidermal keratinocytes- (NHEKs) based cell assays. Furthermore, the skin penetration on porcine ears was measured ex vivo using Raman micro spectroscopy. Finally, in a double-blind half-side, placebo-controlled clinical study, the effects of a formulation containing this extract were analyzed for the influence of lesion severity, epidermal barrier function, and pruritus in mild to moderately AD patients. Summarizing our results: The extract reduces expression of inflammatory cytokines in keratinocytes and increases barrier-related molecules. The verum formulation with a very high antioxidant capacity used in AD patients with mild to moderate lesions reduces itching, local SCORAD, and improves barrier function and the hydration of skin lesions.

Hydroponic kale: effects of row spacing and number of plants per cell on yield and quality

The consumption of kale is increasing, and it is sold in bunches of adult leaves. However, there is the possibility of growing in bunches of young plants in a hydroponic system with several advantages, but different densities were not tested. The aim was to generate information on the hydroponic cultivation in NFT (nutrient film technique) of curly kale in bunches of young plants, with a study of spacing (0.07, 0.11, 0.15 and 0.20 m) and several plants per cell (one, two, three and four), aiming to improve the productivity, quality and homogeneity of kale. A split-plot experiment was executed in randomized block design, with four repetitions. Agronomic characteristics were measured, and bromatological and nutrient analyses were performed. Plant height and productivity were higher with smaller spacing. With fewer plants per cell, the leaf dimensions were higher and more homogeneous were the different plants of the same cell. With four plants per cell, it was recorded, on average, 19.3 g of fresh weight of shoot in the largest plant and 6.4 g in the smallest one. The bromatological and nutrient content was consistent with literature reports. Thus, the desired product in cultivating hydroponic kale in bunches of young plants is decisive for choosing spacing and numbers of plants per cell. Larger leaves can be harvested with fewer plants per cell than more plants per cell and vice versa. The use of smaller spacing increases productivity. The hydroponic system is technically viable to produce curly kale, providing plants with good nutritional quality.

Multitherapeutic Efficacy of Curly Kale Extract Fabricated Biogenic Silver Nanoparticles.

PurposeDue to the biomedical applications universally, the Ag nanoparticles are one of the most commonly investigated nanoparticles (NPs). Curly kale (BroL) leaves contain numerous beneficial nutrients and phytochemicals. The aim of the current study is the fabrication of the Ag nanoparticles using the extracts of curly kale and to investigate their biological potentials.MethodsThe characterization of the generated BroLAgNPs was done through UV-Vis spectro study, Fourier-transform infrared spectro study, scanning electron microscope analysis, energy-dispersive X-ray study, distribution of size and zeta potential investigation, and X-ray powder diffraction study, and their biological effects were evaluated by antidiabetic, antioxidant, antibacterial and cytotoxicity effect.ResultsBroL-Ag nanoparticle displayed surface plasmon resonance at 432 nm. The Zeta potential of BroL (−26.6) AgNPs displayed a highly negative charge. In antidiabetic assay, BroL-AgNPs was highly effective with IC50 value 2.29 µg/mL at 1.0 µg/mL concentration. In cytotoxicity assay, BroL-AgNPs displayed strong activity at 10.0 µg/mL concentration. It showed inhibitory action against three food-borne pathogenic bacteria (9.29–11.44 mm inhibition zone) and displayed moderate antioxidant potential.ConclusionThis study as a whole report an eco-friendly green synthesis of AgNPs using leafy vegetable aqueous extract and its multi-biological effects which could serve as a promising candidate in pharmacological and related industries.