Curcumin Content Research Articles

The Impact of Turmeric, Curcuma, and Ginger Feed Additives on the Productivity of Kaur Cattle as a Genetic Resource in Bengkulu

Kaur cattle, a local breed in Bengkulu, represent a valuable genetic resource that requires preservation and effective utilization to enhance livestock production. Turmeric, curcuma, and ginger are plants known for their essential oils and curcumin content, which offer numerous proven benefits. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of these feed additives on the productivity of Kaur cattle. A quantitative research method employing a completely randomized design was used, consisting of four treatments and four replications. The diet comprised wild grass (10% of body weight) and palm kernel meal in an 80:20 ratio. The treatments were as follows: P0 (control: wild grass and palm kernel meal), P1 (wild grass, palm kernel meal, and turmeric powder Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.), P2 (wild grass, palm kernel meal, and curcuma powder Curcuma longa L.), and P3 (wild grass, palm kernel meal, and ginger powder Zingiber officinale Rosc.). The study involved 16 male Kaur cattle aged 1.5-2 years, with an average body weight of 160-180 kg, observed over 60 days. The variables measured included average daily weight gain, forage consumption, total feed consumption, feed efficiency, and cost efficiency. Data were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA. The results showed that the mean daily weight gain (kg/head/day) was P0=0.35±2.57, P1=0.47±2.39, P2=0.50±2.46, and P3=0.49±2.88, with no significant differences between treatments. The mean feed efficiency (%) was P0=0.12±4.44, P1=0.25±4.71, P2=0.27±5.22, and P3=0.26±4.38, also showing no significant differences. The mean cost efficiency for feed use was P0=35,869±7.47, P1=34,281±7.08, P2=33,220±7.39, and P3=35,410±7.21, with no significant differences observed. Overall, the addition of turmeric, curcuma, and ginger powders to the feed did not significantly impact the productivity of Kaur cattle.

Computational Designed and Optimized Liposomal Curcumin-Embedded Bifunctional Cross-Linked Hydrogels for Wound Healing.

Curcumin (CUR) bifunctional cross-linked nanocomposite hydrogels are presented as an efficient method for CUR delivery in wound healing. CUR-loaded liposomes (CUR-Ls) were optimized using the Box-Behnken design to augment particle size, size distribution, zeta potential, and CUR concentration. The antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity of CUR-Ls were assessed. Hyaluronic acid (HA)/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogels were optimized with a central composite design; then, poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone-co-itaconic acid) (PNVP-ITA) was synthesized to enrich the properties of the hydrogels. The drug release kinetics of the CUR-L@HA/PVA/PNVP-ITA hydrogels were studied. Skin recovery was investigated in vivo on rat dorsal skin. The optimized CUR-Ls were constructed from 2.7% Tween® 20, 0.04% oleic acid, and 8.1% CUR, yielding nano-CUR-L with a narrow size distribution, negative surface charge, and CUR content of 19.92 ± 0.54 µg/mg. CUR-Ls improved the antioxidant effects of CUR. The optimized hydrogel contained 5% HA and 10% PVA. PNVP-ITA improved the properties of the hydrogels via enhanced cross-linking. CUR-Ls exhibited a more rapid release than CUR, whereas the hydrogels enhanced CUR release via a diffusion-controlled mechanism. CUR-L@HA/PVA/PNVP-ITA hydrogels improved the skin recovery rate compared to the commercial patch after 5 days. Therefore, the optimized CUR-L@HA/PVA/PNVP-ITA hydrogels facilitated skin recovery and could be a promising nanocomposite for wound dressings.

Studies on quality of turmeric powder influenced by pre–treatments of fresh sliced rhizomes

The curcumin is an active component of turmeric which is highly valued and ingredient of many traditional herbal medicines. The objective of the present experiment was to retain the curcumin in turmeric powder and to improve the quality of turmeric powder. The experiment was laid out in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with ten different treatments. An attempt was made to to address the concerns about reduction in curcumin content due to the traditional curing and processing methods and to prepare high quality turmeric powder by assessing the effect of various pre–treatments on the chemical and physical parameters. The results indicated that blanching of turmeric rhizomes at 90ºC ±2ºC for 5 minutes significantly impacts the physical, chemical, and sensory properties of the turmeric powder. The beneficial compounds like curcumin, polyphenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, oleoresins and essential oil in blanched rhizomes was retained in turmeric powder which helps in optimizing the nutritional and medicinal value of turmeric.

Evaluation of yield, dry recovery percentage and curcumin content of different turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) varieties suitable to Telangana state

Evaluation of yield, dry recovery percentage and curcumin content of different turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) varieties suitable to Telangana state

Potential of Curcumin in Curcuma Longa as an Alternative Therapy for PCOS: A Literature Review

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common reproductive endocrine hormone disorder in women of childbearing age with a global incidence of 8-13%. The use of medical drugs in the long term can cause serious side effects so that the utilization of curcumin contained in Curcuma longa can be an alternative therapy consideration for PCOS. This paper will discuss the potential and benefits of curcumin content as an alternative therapy for PCOS. The method used, namely by reviewing the literature in national and international journals that are in accordance with the objectives of the review. The results of the literature review show that curcumin has effectiveness in treating PCOS through various mechanisms of action accompanied by minimal side effects. Alternative therapy of PCOS by taking curcumin needs to consider the dose, duration of use, and further research with larger subjects in assessing its effectiveness and side effects. However, it is suspected that nanocurcumin formulations have higher bioavailability and solubility than free curcumin, giving it even greater potential in the treatment of PCOS in the future. In conclusion, curcumin has the potential as an alternative therapy for PCOS that requires further research to achieve the optimization of PCOS treatment in the future.

A photoelectrochemical sensor based on polydopamine membrane-coated CdS@C core-shell heterostructure for curcumin detection

Curcumin has been widely employed in various fields, but excessive intake may cause tissue necrosis and pose a serious threat to people’s lives and health. Hence, it is crucial to rapidly and precisely detect the content of curcumin. In present research, CdS@C heterostructure materials were successfully prepared through a one-pot solvothermal reaction strategy, utilizing glucose as the carbon source. Simultaneously, polydopamine thin films (ePDA) were successfully deposited on the surface of CdS@C-modified electrodes by the cyclic voltammetry (CV) method. A photoelectrochemical sensor based on the polydopamine membrane-coated CdS@C core–shell heterostructure (ePDA/CdS@C) was designed for curcumin detection. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometers (UV-vi) techniques were applied to characterize the structure and morphology of the synthesized photoelectric materials. The ePDA coating enhances the stability of the CdS@C material, and the CdS@C core-shell heterostructure accelerates electron transfer. Consequently, the ePDA/CdS@C material generates an outstanding and steady photocurrent response. Under ideal conditions, the novel sensor exhibits a satisfactory linear response to curcumin detection within the concentration range of 0.025–370 μM, with a detection limit as low as 0.0165 μM. Additionally, the ePDA/CdS@C-based photoelectrochemical aptasensor displays remarkable reproducibility, stability, and selectivity. This innovative sensing platform accurately detects curcumin in human serum and urine samples, with an excellent recovery range (99.47 %–103.60 %) and relatively low RSD values (1.49 %–3.56 %). In conclusion, this work offers a novel approach for curcumin detection.

Development and Evaluation of Reconstructed Nanovesicles from Turmeric for Multifaceted Obesity Intervention.

The escalating prevalence of obesity poses significant health challenges due to its direct association with various diseases. Most existing medications, such as appetite suppressants and fat absorption inhibitors, suffer from limited effectiveness and undesirable side effects. Here, inspired by the versatile metabolic effects of turmeric, we developed a naturally derived nanoformulation of "Reconstructed Turmeric-derived Nanovesicles (Rec-tNVs)" for obesity treatment. Employing quantitative nanoflow cytometry, a four-orders-of-magnitude increase in curcumin content (∼108 molecules per particle) was identified in individual Rec-tNVs compared to their ultracentrifugation-isolated counterparts. Rec-tNVs, featuring highly aggregated curcumin arrangements and other coencapsulated bioactive compounds, demonstrated a dose-dependent lipid-lowering effect in mature 3T3-L1 cells by promoting lipolysis, suppressing lipogenesis, inducing adipocyte browning, and triggering apoptosis after internalization via multiple pathways. In vivo experiments revealed that Rec-tNVs alleviated obesity more effectively than free curcumin and achieved weight reductions of 18.68 and 14.56% through intragastric and subcutaneous delivery, respectively, in high-fat-diet mouse models over a four-week treatment period. These effects were attributed to targeted actions on adipose tissues and systemic impacts on metabolism and gut microbiota composition. Overall, this study underscores the multifaceted antiobesity efficacy of Rec-tNVs, and offers a promising paradigm for developing plant-derived nanovesicle-based therapeutics.

The Use of Novel Colorimetric Films to Monitor the Freshness of Pork, Utilizing Konjac Glucomannan With Curcumin/Alizarin

In this study, different proportions of curcumin (CUR) and alizarin (ALI) were added to konjac glucomannan (KG)/ polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to prepare an active intelligent packaging film and evaluate its potential to indicate pork freshness. The mixed indicator had a richer color hierarchy in the buffer solution with pH = 2–12. The surface of the KG-2C2A and KG-1C3A films is smoother and has fewer cross-section faults. With the increase of CUR content in the film, the crystal structure becomes more prominent, leading to poor compatibility with KG. The WAC of KG-3C1A and KG-1C3A films was significantly higher than that of the other groups, and they had better hydrophobicity. With the increase of CUR content in the films, the thermal stability of the films was enhanced, and the KG-C films showed the highest thermal stability. Among them, the KG-2A2C and KG-1C3A films showed the most significant color change during pork spoiling and could be used to monitor the freshness of pork. As a pH colorimetric indicator, CUR and ALI-coated KG films might be of great potential in fresh meat monitoring.

Antibacterial evaluation of polyvinyl alcohol/polyvinyl pyrrolidone/chitosan nanocomposite embedded curcumin@zinc oxide

This study focuses on the fabrication and characterization of PVA/PVP/Cs (Polyvinyl alcohol/Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone/Chitosan) composite membranes embedded with ZnO (zinc oxide) nanoparticles and curcumin as a natural polyphenol with well-known antimicrobial properties. A series of nanocomposite membranes were successfully developed via a solution casting method with varying ZnO loading (2–20 wt%) and fixed 5 wt% curcumin content and physiochemically characterized. Structural and compositional analyses using XRD, FESEM, EDX, and TEM characterizations confirmed the successful incorporation and homogeneous distribution of crystalline ZnO nanoparticles within the amorphous PVA/PVP/Cs polymer matrix. The estimated size of the synthesized ZnO nanoparticles was measured to be around 18–22 nm. TGA thermograms revealed the nanoparticles catalyzed minor reductions in thermal stability while enhancing the residual char at elevated temperatures, a function of their increasing loading fractions. These compositionally tuned PVA/PVP/Cs-ZnO-curcumin nanocomposites exhibited potent antimicrobial efficacy against selected Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains. The PVA/PVP/Cs-ZnO-curcumin nanocomposites demonstrated tunable antimicrobial activity against bacterial strains, which pave the foundation of eco-friendly, sustainable materials for addressing antimicrobial challenges in biomedical and environmental disinfection applications.

Multi-instrument spectroscopic study for authentication of curcumin content in commercial turmeric powders using machine learning algorithms

Adulteration during processing of turmeric powder not only causes health risks for the consumers but also affects its quality. There is a need for rapid and non-invasive analysis of its active ingredient, curcumin, during the supply-chain. In the present study a total six IR instruments ranging from hand-held (NIR), portable (NIR) and standalone (FTNIR and FTIR) were used to obtain spectral data of 160 different turmeric samples. The curcumin content quantified using HPLC procedure was used as the response variable for analytical model using machine learning tools. Real coded genetic algorithm (RCGA) as the variable selection procedure provided most critical variables in the sets of 10, 20, 30 and 40 variables. Sensitivity analysis has revealed the most critical fingerprint(s) in authenticating curcumin across all the instruments. The hand-held (NIR) device with only 20 spectral variables resulted in 93 % accuracy using SVM classifier, and RP (regression co-efficient of prediction) values of 0.970 and 0.997 using RF and XGBoost, respectively. In case of FTNIR and FTIR instruments 100 % classification accuracy was achieved using SVM, whereas RF and XGBoost resulted in RP values greater than 0.93. This study enables classification and quantification of curcumin content in commercial turmeric powders using non-destructive methodology.

Electrophoretic Deposition and Characterization of Curcumin/Chitosan Coatings

The purpose of the study was to investigate the electrophoretic deposition (EPD) route, microstructure and surface properties of composite curcumin/chitosan coatings on commercially pure titanium substrates for biomedical applications. Multiple routes of preparation of the dispersed systems for the EPD process and their electrokinetic properties have been investigated to obtain homogeneous coatings. The zeta potential of solutions with various curcumin content in ethanol or isopropanol proved their relatively low electrophoretic mobility. Thus, curcumin was co-deposited with chitosan molecules on the cathode. The surface morphology of the coatings consisted of submicrometric curcumin particles embedded in the chitosan matrix. The increase in the curcumin content in the ethanol caused large agglomerates and undissolved curcumin particles to appear on the coating surface. The coatings were characterized by high adhesion to the substrate and a water contact angle in the range of 85° to 95°. The coatings changed the zeta potential of the titanium surface from significantly negative (−46.7 ± 2.3 mV) to less negative values (−20.6 ± 2.6 mV). The developed coatings are promising for mitigating biofilm formation on the surface of titanium bone implants.

Enhancing Curcumin and Mineral Content in Red Turmeric via Magnetic Field Exposure

Enhancing Curcumin and Mineral Content in Red Turmeric via Magnetic Field Exposure

EVALUATING GENETIC DIVERSITY IN PAKISTANI TURMERIC SELECTIONS THROUGH ANALYSIS OF CURCUMIN CONTENT, VEGETATIVE CHARACTERISTICS, AND RHIZOME YIELD TRAITS IN FAISALABAD, PAKISTAN

EVALUATING GENETIC DIVERSITY IN PAKISTANI TURMERIC SELECTIONS THROUGH ANALYSIS OF CURCUMIN CONTENT, VEGETATIVE CHARACTERISTICS, AND RHIZOME YIELD TRAITS IN FAISALABAD, PAKISTAN Turmeric (Curcuma longa), a member of the Zingiberaceae family, is a spice plant that has long been recognized for its medicinal properties. There is high genetic variation exists within the species of Curcuma longa, even though it is clonally propagated. The overall genetic diversity in Curcuma longa may be due to its population distribution in areas of diverse ecological conditions in Pakistan. Present study was performed to evaluate different turmeric selections, which were collected from five different locations viz., S1 from Institute of Horticultural Sciences (IHS), University of Agriculture Faisalabad (UAF), Pakistan, S2 and S3 from Faisalabad (Jaranwala and Kanjwani, respectively) and S4 and S5 from Kasur (Tirath and Hussain Khan Wala, respectively), Punjab, Pakistan. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design and each treatment was replicated thrice. Among the selections, selection S5 (Hussain Khan Wala) performed best for growth and yield traits, i.e. plant height (79.6 cm), number of tillers per plant (3.4), number of leaves per plant (17.7), leaf length (37.7 cm), leaf width (12.3 cm), stem diameter (16.1 mm), number of primary rhizomes per plant (6.3), number of secondary rhizomes per plant (11.1), total number of rhizomes per plant (18.4), weight of primary rhizomes (95.3 g per plant), weight of secondary rhizomes (94.3 g per plant), yield (213.1 g per plant), rhizome length (52.7 mm) and rhizome diameter (22.8 mm). However, curcumin content (0.79%), total dry matter (45.8%), moisture content (58.1%) and total soluble solids (12.0 oBrix) were highest in selections S2 (Jaranwala), S4 (Tirath), S1 (IHS, UAF) and S2 (Jaranwala), respectively. Therefore, it is recommended that turmeric selection S5 (Hussain Khan Wala) may be cultivated for higher yield, while S2 selection (Jaranwala) is for highest curcumin production.

Different drying methods alter the quality parameters of ethnobotanically important Curcuma caesia Roxb. rhizomes

Curcuma caesia Roxb. of the Zingiberaceae family, is an ethnobotanically important rhizomatous perennial herb and is commonly known as “Black turmeric”. Like in other species of Curcuma, the pharmacologically important polyphenol curcumin is also found in C. caesia. In traditional medicine, C. caesia has been used to treat piles, leprosy, asthma, cancer, diabetes, fertility, toothache, vomiting, allergies, etc. Drying is considered the simplest and most cost-effective means of preserving raw plant materials, safeguarding the integrity of nearly all biologically active substances. Medicinal plant materials are primarily utilized in their dried forms in pharmaceutical industries. However, it has been observed that there is a lack of comprehensive information on the effects of different drying methods on quality parameters, and other pharmaceutically important aspects of C. caesia. Hence, here, we investigated the impact of various drying methods, such as direct sunlight exposure, solar drying, shade drying, and conventional oven drying with or without previous boiling, on the quality parameters of C. caesia rhizome, such as moisture, ash, and curcumin content. The results suggest that oven drying at 100 ?C, despite possessing favorable criteria for drug designing like the smallest particle sizes and the lowest moisture content, did not restore the maximum level of ash, curcumin, and essential mineral elements. Nevertheless, boiling in the range of 60 ?C – 80 ?C for 30 minutes before drying restores the pharmaceutically important qualities more favorably. The results of this study will help to formulate better treatment for restoring the market-preferable optimum quality of C. caesia.

PERANGKAT EKSTRAKSI JAHE TERINTEGRASI BERBASIS ARDUINO UNO DENGAN PENGUJIAN METODE SPEKTROFOTOMETRI VISIBEL

The Automatic Ginger Extractor Based on Arduino Uno consists of three main units: the input unit, the processing unit, and the output unit. The input unit is equipped with Up, Down, and Ok buttons for navigation, as well as a phototransistor sensor that detects the presence of ginger samples (ginger simplicia) to be extracted. The processing unit uses an Arduino Uno microcontroller to process signals from the sensor and control the output unit. The output unit includes a motor driver, a power window motor for operating the grinder to crush the samples, a 12V DC motor for operating the stirrer to mix the samples with the solvent, an electric solenoid valve for dispensing the extract, and an LCD to display the process status. The working principle of this device is that when the phototransistor sensor detects a sample, the sensor signal activates the power window motor to grind the ginger. The user can then manually set the dissolution time using the navigation buttons. The longer the dissolution time, the better the extraction result. The final product is a liquid containing curcumin, which is measured using a curcumin content meter to determine its concentration. The device shows an error rate of 2.74% compared to manual methods. With this design, the Arduino Uno-based automatic ginger extractor offers a more efficient and consistent extraction process. The automation system allows for better control and optimal results with minimal manual intervention.

Boosting the Anti-Infection Ability of Titanium Implants by Coating Polydopamine–Curcumin

To reduce the risk of infection, improving the anti-infection ability of Ti-based implantation has become a very meaningful task. In this work, by employing polydopamine (PDA) as a carrier and curcumin (CUR) as an anti-biotic/inflammatory, a series of Ti-PDA@CURx (x = 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5) was successfully fabricated and characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and the water contact angle, where Ti plates were firmly coated by PDA@CUR. The test result of CUR content shows that the maximum loading of CUR in PDA can reach 0.6506%, where the CUR concentration is 1.5 mg/mL. The antibacterial test results demonstrate that Ti-PDA@CUR-x (x = 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5) exhibit significant antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli and S. aureu, where Ti-PDA@CUR1.5 has the highest antibacterial rate of 62.7% against Escherichia coli and 52.6% against S. aureus. The cytotoxicity test shows that Ti-PDA, Ti-PDA@CUR-x (x = 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5) has almost no toxicity.

Turmeric trends: analyzing consumer preferences and willingness to pay

This Research determines the factors influencing American consumers’ willingness to purchase turmeric products, amidst the spice’s rising popularity for its potential health benefits, particularly those linked to its bioactive component, curcumin. Through a comprehensive analysis of a Qualtrics online survey with 1,020 national respondents in the U.S., we employed advanced choice experiment mixed logit models to elucidate consumer preferences regarding product form, origin, sustainability certification, curcumin content, and price. Contrary to the initial hypothesis that curcumin potency would be a primary driver, our results indicate that the place of origin and price significantly shape purchasing decisions, with a clear preference for inland domestically grown, organically certified turmeric products. These insights offer valuable guidance for producers, manufacturers, and marketers in the natural products industry, suggesting a focus on emphasizing local, sustainable sourcing and clear communication of organic credentials to align with consumer expectations. Our findings not only provide a detailed understanding of current consumer attitudes toward turmeric but also highlight potential markets for turmeric–based product development and effective marketing to cater to the evolving demand for health-beneficial natural products.

Simultaneous Delivery of Curcumin and Resveratrol via In Situ Gelling, Raft-Forming, Gastroretentive Formulations.

Curcumin and resveratrol are polyphenolic compounds that have been shown to exhibit synergistic therapeutic properties including anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antiulcer activities, which may be exploited for the treatment of gastric diseases. However, both compounds have poor aqueous solubility and rapid metabolism, resulting in a low oral bioavailability. In situ gelling, liquid formulations were developed to produce a gastroretentive, raft-forming delivery vehicle to improve bioavailability. Solid dispersions containing a mixture of curcumin and resveratrol with Eudragit® EPO (Cur/Res-SD) were first prepared using solvent evaporation, to improve the solubility and dissolution of the compounds. Solid dispersions of a weight ratio of 1:10 curcumin/resveratrol to Eudragit® EPO were subsequently incorporated into in situ gelling, liquid formulations based on the gelling polymers, sodium alginate (low viscosity and medium viscosity), pectin, and gellan gum, respectively. Calcium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate were included to produce carbon dioxide bubbles in the gel matrix, on exposure to gastric fluid, and to achieve flotation. Moreover, the calcium ions acted as a crosslinking agent for the hydrogels. Optimized formulations floated rapidly (<60 s) in simulated gastric fluid (pH = 1.2) and remained buoyant, resulting in the gradual release of more than 80% of the curcumin and resveratrol content within 8 h. The optimized formulation based on medium-viscosity sodium alginate exhibited enhanced cytotoxic activity toward human gastric adenocarcinoma cell lines (AGS), compared with unformulated curcumin and resveratrol compounds, and increased anti-inflammatory activity against RAW 264.7 macrophage cells compared with the NSAID, indomethacin. These findings demonstrate that in situ gelling, liquid formulations, loaded with a combination of curcumin and resveratrol in the form of solid dispersions, show potential as gastroretentive delivery systems for local and systemic effects.

Extraction of Natural Food Color from Tomato, Carrot and Turmeric

The demand for natural and healthier food products has increased dramatically in recent years due to growing consumer awareness of the impact food has on health as well as evidence of adverse effects from various ingredients, including some additives. This study evaluates the extraction method, solvent effects, precipitation, identification, purification, and lycopene, carotene, and curcumin content from turmeric, carrot, and tomato. Along-side, tomato, carrot, and turmeric samples were subjected to two different extraction and purification processes: solvent extraction for lycopene and carotene, and alkalization for curcumin. The samples were extracted and purified at room temperature (30ºC) and chilled (4ºC) for a period of three weeks. Tomato extracts had lycopene contents ranging from 0.0153 to 0.0362 mg/100g. obtained carotene content, which was then extracted using a solvent in the range of 61.43 to 81.72 mg/100g. The alkalization process produced a curcumin concentration of 91.17 to 110.41 mg/100g. Comparing the ethyl acetate extraction technique to the anti-solvent method, a greater amount of lycopene (red) and carotene (orange) precipitation was obtained. The maximum amount of curcumin precipitation obtained in lower pH solution. Lower pH is important to maintain the stability of curcumin precipitation. The experience of this research work suggested that lycopene from tomatoes, carotene from carrots, and curcumin from turmeric might be an excellent source to meet the increasing need for natural colorants.

Fabrication of chitosan-based smart film by the O/W emulsion containing curcumin for monitoring pork freshness

In this research, curcumin (Cur) was encapsulated in succinylated soy protein isolate (SSPI) emulsion and combined with chitosan (CS) to prepare a smart film. The good adsorption ability of SSPI at the oil-water interface provides good physical stability for preparing Cur-loaded emulsion. These CS smart films containing SSPI emulsions with different curcumin content were evaluated on the structure, mechanical, barrier, antioxidant, antibacterial properties, and controlled release behavior. SEM and FT-IR results showed that the Cur-loaded emulsion was compatible with the CS matrix. By adding the emulsion, the film blocked 97.11% of ultraviolet radiation, reduced the water vapor transmission rate by 42%, and improved the swelling degree (32.26%), water solubility (12%), thermal stability and elongation at break (70.79 %) (p < 0.05). In addition, the film has a high antibacterial effect on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli (Bacterial inhibition zone diameter: 19.59 mm and 18.66 mm) and the release rate of curcumin in the film reaches 82.60%, mainly following the Fickian diffusion. The film gradually turns red under alkaline conditions, a property that makes the films successful in monitoring the deterioration of pork during storage. Adding SSPI emulsions and curcumin to films has great potential for food freshness monitoring and packaging.