Curcas Seed Oil Research Articles

Studying the effectiveness of Jatropha carcus L. Extract as a repellent, antifeedant, and toxic substance against red palm weevil (Rhynchophorus Ferrugineus) adult insects in Saudi Arabia

ObjectiveRed palm weevil (RPW), Rhynchophorus ferrugineus, is a highly harmful pest that causes severe damage to date palm trees. The detrimental influence of RPW on date palm trees cannot be ignored and must be addressed. Chemical insecticides are available for controlling RPW; however, the insect population has become resistant to these chemicals, leading to damage and spread to new areas. The present investigation examined the impacts of physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.) seeds essential oils (PNEO) on laboratory-reared RPWs adult insects reared in a controlled laboratory environment. MethodsThe insecticidal, repellent, and antifeedant potentials of different doses (10, 20, 30, 40, 50%) of PNEO were tested against RPW. The insecticidal activity of J. curcas seeds oil extracts was assessed using topical application and feeding methods. ResultsRPW showed a high mortality rate when J. curcas seeds oil was applied topically after 24 h (P < 0.05). The mortality (%) of insects was 8, 76, 92, 96, and 100 for 10 %, 20 %, 30 %, 40 %, and 50 % concentrations, respectively. The LC50 and LC90 were 16.50 %, and 28.14 %, respectively. Results from the feeding method demonstrated a significant increase in mortality with a 100 % mortality rate at higher concentrations of PNEO compared to 10 and 20 % concentrations (P < 0.0001). The LC50 and LC90 were 24.42 % and 31.30 %, respectively. There was no significant decrease in food consumption and the antifeedant index when 10 % and 20 % of J. curcas seeds oil were used on the 3rd and 6th day after application. All J. curcas oil concentrations showed a repellent effect significantly higher than the controls (P < 0.05). ConclusionJ. curcas seeds oil has shown potential insecticidal and repellent effects against RPW, and it could provide an eco-friendly tool for RPW pest management.

Evaluation of the Rate of Reduction of Greenhouse Gases from Diesel Engine Powered with Jatropha Curcas Seed Oil Blend Diesel

As part of the effort to reduce greenhouse gases emissions and lower its negative effects on climate change, this study was conceived with the aim of evaluating the rate of reduction of greenhouse gases emission from diesel engine powered with Jatropha Curcas seed oil blend diesel. The study produced biodiesel from the oil extracted from the Jatrophha Curcas seed using trans-esterification method. The amount of CO2, SO2 and NO2 emitted from a diesel engine powered with conventional oil and jatropha biodiesel blend were determined to ascertain whether there was reduction or increment in percentage of emissions. Laboratory analysis of Jatropha Curcas oil shows that 131.9524g jatropha curcas seed yielded 90.559ml of biodiesel and 41.2437ml of glycerol. Conventional diesel and Jatropha curcas biodiesel produced has similar physiochemical characteristics confirmed through ASTM(US) and DIN(EN) hence their combustibility. CO2 emissions increased with increase in diesel at B100 and B50 while it decreases in B20 and B40. While NO2 emissions increased by 1% in all the revolutions per minute, SO2 was only detected at B100 and B50 emission of the greenhouse gases. From the questionnaire survey conducted at Egbema, it was found that gas flaring has serious adverse effect on vegetation in the area, significant negative effect on the economy of the area due to the rise in air pollution. The result of the laboratory experiments showed that blended green diesel reduces the emission of greenhouse gases from combustion of diesel. The study recommended adoption of renewable energy sources for the operation of the oil firms in Egbema the study therefore concluded that blended green diesel is a promising alternative fuel for internal combustion engines.

In Vivo Evaluation of Acute and Subacute Toxicity of Jatropha curcas Seed Oil

Medicinal plants are regarded as safe because of their natural origin, nevertheless, they can contain toxic substances that can exert adverse effects. This study aims to evaluate acute and subacute toxicity of Jatropha curcas seed oil using modified Lorke method and 28 days repeated dosing of grouped rats with normal saline and -10, 300, 600 mg/kg body weight of the seed oil. At the end of the experimentation, haematological and biochemical analysis of blood samples and the histopathology of the liver and kidney of rats in each group were evaluated. The Lethal Dose (LD50) of J. curcas seed oil was lower than 5000mg/kg b.wt. Haematological and biochemical analysis showed a dose-dependent decrease in the Hemoglobin, Packed Cell Volume and Red Blood Cells, an increase in the level of Total White Blood Count and Platelet Count, Aspartate aminotransferase, Alanine aminotransferase, Alkaline phosphatase, urea and creatinine in the treated groups, while the histological evaluation revealed distortion in liver and kidney cytoarchitecture of rats administered with 600 mg/kg b.wt of the seed oil. The oil was found less toxic at the acute phase but there was toxicity manifestation in subacute phase causing adverse effects on haematological, biochemical parameters and the tissues of the kidney and liver. The study suggests that the seed oil can be used, but caution should be exercised when using it at high doses for prolonged periods.

Modified and Unmodified Jatropha Curcas Seed Oils as Pour Point Depressants for a Nigerian Waxy Crude Oil

Transportation of waxy crude oil faces great challenges in pipelines, however, pour-point depressant could be employed to improve flow properties of waxy crude oil by modifying the morphology and structure of wax crystals. In this paper, modified and unmodified jatropha curcas seed oils was used as a green pour point depressants to evaluate the flow properties of a Nigerian waxy crude oil. Jatropha curcas seed oil (49.5%) was extracted using petroleum ether and the oil was analyzed for oil quality parameters (acid value, iodine value, free fatty acid and saponification value) and subsequently modified using diethanolamine and ethylene glycol to give fatty amides and glycol esters with sulphamic acid (2% and 10% respectively) as catalysts. The modified products were characterized using Fourier transform infra-red (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The modified and unmodified Jatropha seed oils were used treat a Nigerian waxy crude oil to determine their effects on the pour point of the said crude oil. This was done by determining the viscosity and pour point of the crude oil before and after it is dosed with different concentrations of the modified and unmodified Jatropha oils. The results revealed the efficiency of the fatty amides to reduce the pour point and viscosity of the crude oil from 180C to 150C and from 3.49 cst. to 2.0 cst respectively. Both ethylene glycol-modified Jatropha seed oil and the unmodified Jatropha seed oil were able to also depress the pour point of the crude oil to the same degree showing that modification with ethylene glycol did not improve the ability of ordinary Jatropha seed oil to act as pour point depressant.

Research and Development of Natural Vegetable Insulating Oil Based on Jatropha curcas Seed Oil

Jatropha curcas is a natural non-food resource with high oil-content seeds, that has attracted worldwide attention as it is an ideal renewable resource for the production of biofuels. With the increasing use of vegetable insulating oil in related industries, it is valuable to develop the vegetable insulating oils from Jatropha curcas seed oil. This study explores how to use Jatropha curcas seed oil to prepare high-quality natural vegetable insulating oil. A six-step process is first established according to the optimization results of alkali refining, activated clay treatment and alumina treatment of Jatropha curcas seed oil, combined with cold treatment, water washing and high temperature decompression treatment. Physicochemical and electrical performance tests show that most of the properties of the prepared vegetable insulating oil are significantly improved compared with the original seed oil, and meet the standard requirements for vegetable insulating oil, especially with no sulfur corrosion, a breakdown voltage of 72 kV and an acid value (KOH, potassium hydroxide) of 0.012 mg/g.

Screening of Lipase-Producing Bacteria and Optimization of Lipase-Mediated Biodiesel Production from Jatropha curcas Seed Oil Using Whole Cell Approach

Biodiesel production from non-edible feedstocks, e.g., Jatropha curcas, by lipase-producing bacteria is considered a sustainable measure to reduce food versus fuel competition and dependency on fossil fuels. In this study, lipase-producing bacterial strains were isolated from soil contaminated with oil. Their biochemical and molecular identification was performed and their capacity to produce biodiesel from J. curcas seed oil was determined. Plackett-Burman and central composite designs were employed to optimize various factors for whole cell-based transesterification of J. curcas seed oil. Brevibacterium SB11 MH715025 and Pseudomonas SB15 MH715026 strains produced the highest volumetric yield of biodiesel (~ 97%). Pseudomonas SB15 MH715026 was identified as the most potent strain with the most optimum biodiesel yield on 37 °C, oil to methanol molar ratio of 1:9, and agitation at 100 rpm. Confirmation of fatty acid methyl esters was done through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The infrared spectra were in the ranges 1735–1750 at cm−1 and 1300–1000 cm−1 that corresponds to C=O and C-O functional groups, respectively. The quality of biodiesel was evaluated and the fuel properties were determined for acid value, pour and cloud point, peroxide value, boiling point, and specific gravity. The values were 0.44 ± 0.1 mg potassium hydroxide (KOH)/g, 3 ± 0.1 °C, 4.1 ± 0.4 °C, 1.41 ± 0.1 milliequivalent (Meq) O2/kg, 260 ± 1 °C, and 0.87 ± 0.02 kg/m3, respectively. The fuel properties of biodiesel produced during this study were in accordance with quality standards specified by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM D6751) and European Norms (EN-14103).

Assessment of Some Physicochemical Properties of Cellulosic Fabric Esterified Using Varying Volume of Jatropha curcas Seed Oil

This paper presents the results of the assessment of some physicochemical properties of cellulosic fabric esterified using varying volume of Jatropha curcas seed oil. The oil was extracted using Soxhlet apparatus under reflux with hexane as solvent. The percentage yield and moisture content was 47.25% and 0.56% respectively. The fabric (10 cm x 10 cm and 21 cm x 2.5 cm) was identified to be cellulose; it was subjected to purification processes before esterification. The purification processes are scouring, bleaching and mercerization, after which the fabrics were esterified using 10 cm3 through 60 cm3 of oil. The results of esterification gave improvement in dry and wet crease recovery angles, and yarn twist. The highest values of dry crease (130º warp and 122º weft), wet crease (74º warp and 68º weft) and yarn twist (25 TPI warp and 23 TPI weft) were obtained with 50 cm3 of oil. The unesterified (control) fabric recorded lower values of dry crease recovery angles (50º warp and 45º weft), wet crease (37º warp and 35º weft) and yarn twist (14 TPI warp and 12 TPI weft). These revealed that esterification is the reason for the observed improvements and was generally better in warp direction than in weft direction. This may be attributed to the difference in the fabric construction. There was increase in bending properties but did not optimize within the volume of oil used. The air permeability and percentage water imbibition was reduced compared to the control fabric; revealing a structural modification and the formation of a hydrophobic ester bond. This may be an indication that the esterified fabric will be more resistant to the formation of mildew during storage. Hence the seed oil of Jatropha curcas is recommended for easy care finish in textile industries.

Biodiesel Production from Jatropha Curcas Seed Oil in a Modified Batch- Reactor Using Sodium-Hydroxide as Catalyst

Biodiesel Production from Jatropha Curcas Seed Oil in a Modified Batch- Reactor Using Sodium-Hydroxide as Catalyst

Limitations of Jatropha Curcas Seed Oil for Biodiesel Processing in Nigeria

Limitations of Jatropha Curcas Seed Oil for Biodiesel Processing in Nigeria

Inhibiting Effect of a Green Corrosion Inhibitor Containing Jatropha Curcas Seeds Oil for Iron in an Acidic Medium

Inhibiting Effect of a Green Corrosion Inhibitor Containing Jatropha Curcas Seeds Oil for Iron in an Acidic Medium

Process Simulation of Biodiesel Production from Jatropha Curcas Seed Oil

The increasing concerns over diminishing fossil fuel supplies and rising oil prices, as well as adverse environmental and human health impacts from the use of such fuels have led to the need of finding alternative fuels that will reduce the dependency on fossil fuels. Biodiesel from plant and animal oils sources, has been identified as such an alternative fuel. However, the major obstacle in the production and commercialization of biodiesel is the production cost. This high cost is mainly attributed to the cost of using edible vegetable oil as feedstock. There is a need to obtain biodiesel without compromising food security. In this paper, an alkali catalyzed continuous transesterification process with a capacity of 8000 tonnes/year of biodiesel from jatropha curcas seed oil was designed and simulated in HYSYS. Laboratory data was used for the simulation and the process was able to produce biodiesel of high purity (over 99.65%) and by-product glycerine with the purity grade of 95.3%.

Comparative Analysis of Physicochemical Properties of Dimer Acids from Jathropha Curcas and Thevetia Nerrifolia Seed Oils

Thevetia Nerrifolia and Jathropha Curcas seed oils were extracted from their oil seeds by soxhlet extraction using petroleum ether (40-60 oC) as solvent. The oils were characterized and the oil yield, refractive index, acid value, saponification value, iodine value, colour and relative density were found to be 47.77%, 1.464, 4.365 (mg/KOH), 125.62 (mg/KOH), 98.48 (wij), 4+ and 0.926 for Thevetia Nerrifolia seed oil and 46.56%, 1.496, 33.65 (mg/KOH), 175.12 (mg/KOH) 105.43 (Wij), 3 and 0.913 for Jathropha Curcas seed oil respectively. Dimer acids were prepared from these seed oils by heating 200g of each of the oils under nitrogen inert atmosphere in a four necked resin kettle at a temperature of 300oC for 12 hours. The physicochemical properties of the dimer acids were analyzed and were found to compare favourably with each and other well known feed stocks of dimerization.

Synthesis and Characterization of Boron Modified Poly(ester amide) Derived from Jatropha Curcas Seed Oil

Synthesis and Characterization of Boron Modified Poly(ester amide) Derived from Jatropha Curcas Seed Oil

Development of an Oil Extraction Machine for Jatropha curcas Seeds

Aim: This study aimed to solve one of the problems which Jatropha curcas seeds (JCS) oil e xtraction industry is facing in the Northern part of Nigeria; the lack of efficient small scale oil extraction machines. A small scale JCS oil extraction machine was therefore designed, developed, and evaluated for performance. Study Design: The study was conducted using 3 × 3 × 3 Factorial Experimental Design. The results obtained were analysed using ANOVA while Least Significant Difference (LSD) test was used to separate the means.

Activated Paphia undulate Shells Waste (APSW): A Cost-Effective Catalyst for Biodiesel Synthesis from Rubber and Jatropha curcas Seeds Oil (RSOME &amp; JSOME)

Abstract—The Paphia undulata shell, which is available in abundance, has no any further processing for value-added materials and is commonly discarded as solid waste, was used as solid catalyst in a transesterification reaction to synthesize biodiesel from Rubber and Jatropha curcas seeds oil (RSOME and JSOME). The biodiesel non-vegetable oil feedstock and catalyst were prepared, characterized, activated and analyzed using GC, FESEM, BET, DTA-TGA, XRF and FTIR analysis. The activated Paphia undulata shells waste (APSW) had a maximum surface area of 2.1290 m 2/g, diameters of 17- 3000 A, pores adsorption and desorption cumulative volume were 0.006841cm 3/g and 0.006928cm 3/g with the pores size of 312.527 A, and it reflected the composition of 83.99 – 86.25 % calcium oxide, etc. The resulted Rubber and Jatropha seeds oil biodiesel yields of 75.93% and 93.33% were found by the methanol/oil ratio of 6:1, catalyst amount of 4 wt.%, temperature of 60oC and reaction time of 3 hours. The synthesized biodiesels were approved by GC-MS, and its properties fulfills the limitation of specification described by ASTM D6751.

Characterization of Physical and Chemical Properties of Biodiesel Produced from Jatropha Curcas Seeds Oil Cultivated in Rwanda

A yield of 26.88% of seed oil was obtained from Jatrophacurcas cultivated in Rwanda. Within 2 hours of reaction, the methyl ester (Biodiesel) was produced at a yield of 85.3% from obtained oil through direct base-catalysed trans-esterification process using methanol and sodium hydroxide as alcohol and catalyst. The proportion of 0.6g of NaOH in 20mL of methanol with 100 mL of Jatropha oil was the best ratio for making the biodiesel. The biodiesel obtained had 85.03% of ester content, 0.878 and 7.891Centistokes (at 200C) of specific gravity and viscosity respectively. The other physico-chemical properties were also characterized.

The Properties of Jatropha curcas Seed Oil from Seven Different Countries

Properties of Jatropha seed oil from seven different countries were evaluated. Jatropha curcas oil was extracted using n-hexane as the solvent in the Soxhlet extraction method. The oil obtained from hexane extraction was different from each country and varied from 40.03 to 48.37% (w/w). The highest oil yield (48.37%) was obtained from the seed of Vietnam origin. The oil from Indonesian origin obtained higher free fatty acid content (1.906%), whereas South African seeds obtained the lowest free fatty acid (0.43%). Seed oil from Indonesian origin had higher iodine value (216.20 mg/g oil), whereas it was lower (138.12 mg/g oil) in South African seed oil. The saponification value of seed oil was the highest (197.14 mg KOH/g) in Indian seeds and the lowest (189.46 mg KOH/g) in Philippine origin. The pattern of the physiochemical properties of different seed sources under this study showed a difference in oil properties irrespective of seed origin.

Comparatives Study of Production Biodiesel from Soybean oil and Jatropha Curcas Seeds Oil

ABSTRACT This study involves transesterification of soybean and Jatropha oils with methanol, using sodium hydroxide as the catalyst to produced biodiesel as an alternative to petroleum diesel. This work investigates the effects of temperature and time on the production of biodiesel from the feed stocks employed. Also investigated are the effects of particle size and temperature on the production of oil from the Jatropha seed. The produced biodiesels from soybean and Jatropha oil were characterised to determine their suitability as a replacement for the petrol diesel. Results obtained shows that both temperature and time influence the production of biodiesel from the soybean and Jatropha oil. Analyses of the produced biodiesels also indicates that the properties of the biodiesels produced shows that the density, refractive index, moisture content, viscosity, flash point, cetane number, pour point and sulphur content of the biodiesel produced from soybean oil are 0.882g/cm3, 1.486, 0.018%, 6.24cP, 148°C, 51...

Comparatives Study of Production Biodiesel from Soybean oil and Jatropha Curcas Seeds Oil

This study involves transesterification of soybean and Jatrophaoils with methanol, using sodium hydroxide as the catalyst to producedbiodiesel as an alternative to petroleum diesel. This work investigatesthe effects of temperature and time on the production of biodiesel fromthe feed stocks employed. Also investigated are the effects of particlesize and temperature on the production of oil from the Jatropha seed.The produced biodiesels from soybean and Jatropha oil were character-ised to determine their suitability as a replacement for the petrol diesel.Results obtained shows that both temperature and time influence theproduction of biodiesel from the soybean and Jatropha oil. Analyses ofthe produced biodiesels also indicates that the properties of the biodie-sels produced shows that the density, refractive index, moisture content,viscosity, flash point, cetane number, pour point and sulphur content ofthe biodiesel produced from soybean oil are 0.882g/cm3, 1.486, 0.018%,6.24cP, 148°C, 51.3, –8.2 and 0.004% respectively. While the correspond-ing values of these properties for the biodiesel produced from Jatrophaoil are 0.861g/cm3, 1.532, 0.013%, 2.8cP, 89°C, 49.5, –7.9 and 0.001%. Itcan be inferred from the results on the properties of biodiesel that theproperties of the produced biodiesels from soybean and Jatropha oilsfit well within the set limits for the standard biodiesel and fossil diesel,the biodiesel can therefore be used as a replacement for the petrol diesel.Results of various analyses conducted on the biodiesels produced fromsoybean and Jatropha oil shows that biodiesel of good qualities can alsobe produced from the Jatropha oil and can be used as a substitute forproduction of biodiesel from soybean which is edible oil.

Single phase (Cyclohexane-Assisted) Transesterification of Jatropha Curcas Seed Oil Using Full Factorial Design of Experiment

This work was aimed at reduction of time, energy and material consumption of transesterification reaction by introduction of cosolvent to overcome this mass transfer resistance. The oil was characterized and its properties were found to conform to those of the literature. The GC-MS analysis of the raw oil indicates that the major fatty acids were; palmitic acid (15.86%), Oleic acid (37.13%), linoleic acid (37.24%) and stearic acid (9.76%), this indicates that the major fatty acids are unsaturated acids. The work uses full factorial design of experiment to investigate the main and interaction effects of five factors (varied at two levels of high and low) affecting transesterification. Methanol/oil molar ratio (41.49%) was found to be the most significant effect followed by catalyst concentration (30.54%), temperature (8.05%), and time (1.45%). For the interaction effects, the interaction of methanol/oil molar ratio with catalyst concentration (1.52%) was found to be most significant interaction this was then followed by the interaction of temperature and methanol/oil molar ratio (1.30%). However, the effect of methanol/cosolvent volume ratio was found to be insignificant. The model equations developed were subjected to some constrains and an optimum yield of 69.40% was obtained at 3.85 minutes, 600C, 0.5% catalyst concentration, 6:1 methanol/oil molar ratio and 1:1 methanol/cosolvent volume ratio. The GC-MS analysis of samples produced at various conditions with least time confirms the formation of fatty acid methyl ester and the properties of the biodiesel produced at the optimum conditions were found to conform to ASTM D6751-02 B100.