Cup Of Tea Research Articles

Cup of Tea?

Cup of Tea?

From a Cup of Tea to Cardiovascular Care: Vascular Mechanisms of Action.

Tea consumption is increasingly recognized for its potential benefits to cardiovascular health. This study reviews the available research, concentrating on the major components of tea and their mechanisms of action in the cardiovascular system. Tea is abundant in bioactive compounds, such as flavonoids and polysaccharides, which possess significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. These compounds play a crucial role in mitigating oxidative stress and inflammation, thereby supporting cardiovascular health. They enhance endothelial function, leading to improved vascular relaxation and reduced arterial stiffness, and exhibit antithrombotic effects. Additionally, regular tea consumption is potentially associated with better regulation of blood pressure, improved cholesterol profiles, and effective blood sugar control. It has been suggested that incorporating tea into daily dietary habits could be a practical strategy for cardiovascular disease prevention and management. Despite the promising evidence, more rigorous clinical trials are needed to establish standardized consumption recommendations and fully understand long-term effects. This review offers a more comprehensive analysis of the current evidence based on endothelium function and identifies the gaps that future research should address.

Tea Prepared from Dried Cannabis: What Do We Drink?

Besides many other uses, dried Cannabis may be used for "tea" preparation. This study focused on a comprehensive characterization of an aqueous infusion prepared according to a common practice from three fairly different Cannabis cultivars. The transfer of 42 phytocannabinoids and 12 major bioactive compounds (flavonoids) into the infusion was investigated using UHPLC-HRMS/MS. Phytocannabinoid acids were transferred generally in a higher extent compared to their counterparts; in the case of Δ9-THC, it was only in the range of 0.4-1.9% of content in the Cannabis used. A dramatic increase of phytocannabinoids, mainly of the neutral species, occurred when cream was added during steeping, and the transfer of Δ9-THC into "tea" achieved a range of 53-64%. Under such conditions, drinking a 250 mL cup of such tea by a 70 kg person might lead to multiple exceedance of the Acute Reference Dose (ARfD), 1 μg/kg b.w., even in the case when using hemp with a Δ9-THC content below 1% in dry weight for preparation.

Association between coffee and tea consumption and the risk of dementia in individuals with hypertension: a prospective cohort study

Many studies have shown that drinking coffee and tea may be associated with the risk of hypertension and dementia. Limited research exists on their impact on dementia risk in hypertensive patients. This study aimed to determine the association between coffee and tea consumption and the risk of dementia development in hypertensive population by utilizing Cox proportional risk modeling with 453,913 participants from a UK biobank. Our findings reveal a J-shaped and U-shaped association between the risk of all-cause dementia and the consumption of coffee and tea respectively in hypertensive people. The hypertensive patients who drink 0.5–1 cup of coffee or 4–5 cups of tea per day have the lowest risk of dementia. A U-shaped relationship was observed between daily caffeine consumption and the risk of developing all-cause dementia and vascular dementia in the hypertensive population. Furthermore, the significant association between the amount of coffee and tea consumed and the risk of all-cause and vascular dementia were more likely to be found in hypertensive patients than in the non-hypertensive population.

Effects of Oral Folic Acid and Iron Tablets Intake on the Prevalence and Severity of Anemia in Pregnant Women in a Public Sector Hospital in Delhi.

To study the effects of oral folic acid, iron tablets, and tea consumption on the prevalence and severity of anemia in pregnancy. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 430 women who fulfilled the eligibility criteria in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy attending the antenatal clinic of a public sector hospital in Delhi. The mean age, parity, BMI, and gestation were 26.2 ± 4.5 years, 1.8 ± 1.2, 22.5 ± 4.5 kg/m2, and 32.2 ± 3.4 weeks, respectively. Out of 430 patients, the prevalence of anemia was found in 210 (48.84%) patients, with mild anemia in 111 (25.81%), moderate in 68 (15.81%), severe in 30 (6.98%), and very severe in one (0.24%) patient. Significantly more women (97, 46.19%) in the anemia group did not take oral folic acid tablets as compared to the normal hemoglobin (Hb) group (83, 37.72%) (p = 0.04). Similarly, significantly more (103, 49.04%) women in the anemia group did not take oral iron tablets as compared to the normal Hb group (19, 8.63%) (p = 0.02) with even more patients being in the severe anemia group (29, 93.55%) (p = 0.001). Intake of two or more cups of tea per day was a significant risk factor for anemia, with 147 (70%) anemic vs. 134 (60.9%) with normal Hb (p = 0.05). The prevalence of anemia during pregnancy was found to be high in 210 (48.84%) patients. Non-intake of oral folic acid and iron tablets and consumption of two or more cups of tea were significant risk factors for anemia in pregnancy.

A Comparative Study on the Effect of News Paper and Television on Creating Social Awareness among the Students

‘A comparative study on the effect of Newspaper and Television on creating social awareness among the students with particular reference to C.K.B College Teok.’ News paper and television are two significant mass media of social awareness. Previously News papers played greater role but gradually its influences has been declined as the spread of Television services. Television has got greater popularity among the youths because it provides updated information about social phenomenon. In spite of such popularity of Television, role of news paper cannot be under estimated. News paper, for many people, is something basic requirement like morning’s cup of tea. A habitual reader of news paper eagerly waits for the paper to come. Both the media i.e. news paper and T.V have different tastes and for this nothing can be said so easily which out of these two has more significant contribution towards creation of social awareness. In this paper the researcher is trying to analyze the relative importance of newspaper and television on creation of social awareness statistically. For these two sampled groups of 20 students each representing habitual newspaper reader and television watcher has been selected. The awareness has been measured by questionnaire developed by the investigator himself.

Radionuclides transfer from soil-to-tea leaves and concomitant doses to the Malaysian populace

One of the most well-liked energizing drinks is now tea, which is primarily used in Malaysia. The natural radioactivity in the associated soils where tea plants are cultivated plays a major role in determining the presence of radionuclides in tea leaves. The present study assesses the transfer of radionuclides from soil-to-tea leaves and then estimates the committed effective doses through tea consumption. Tea leaves and the associated soils were obtained from the largest tea plantation area, which is located in the Cameron Highlands, Malaysia. The marketed tea leaves in powdered form were obtained from the supermarkets in Kuala Lumpur. HPGe gamma-ray spectrometry was used to determine the prevailing concentrations of long-lived radioactive materials in tea leaves. Activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K in tea soils ranged from 49 to 101.7 Bq kg−1, 74.5–124.1 Bq kg−1 and 79.6–423.2 Bq kg−1, respectively, while the respective values in tea leaves are 14.4–23.8 Bq kg−1, 12.9–29.5 Bq kg−1 and 297–387.5 Bq kg−1. Transfer factors of radionuclides showed typical values (<1.0) except for the 40K. The threshold tea consumption rates suggest that one should not consume more than 67 g of tea leaves per day (around 4 g of tea leaves are needed for making 1 cup of tea, so 17 cups per day) to avoid negative health effects. Committed effective doses due to tea consumption are found to be lower (5.18–6.08 μSv y−1) than the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (2000) reference dose guidance limit of 290 μSv y−1 for foodstuffs; however, it should be noted that the guidance limit is recommended for all foodstuffs collectively. Providing data on natural radioactivity in tea leaves grown in Malaysia, this study may help people manage a healthy lifestyle.

Implementing social and affective touch to enhance user experience in human-robot interaction.

In this paper, we discuss the potential contribution of affective touch to the user experience and robot performance in human-robot interaction, with an in-depth look into upper-limb prosthesis use as a well-suited example. Research on providing haptic feedback in human-robot interaction has worked to relay discriminative information during functional activities of daily living, like grasping a cup of tea. However, this approach neglects to recognize the affective information our bodies give and receive during social activities of daily living, like shaking hands. The discussion covers the emotional dimensions of affective touch and its role in conveying distinct emotions. In this work, we provide a human needs-centered approach to human-robot interaction design and argue for an equal emphasis to be placed on providing affective haptic feedback channels to meet the social tactile needs and interactions of human agents. We suggest incorporating affective touch to enhance user experience when interacting with and through semi-autonomous systems such as prosthetic limbs, particularly in fostering trust. Real-time analysis of trust as a dynamic phenomenon can pave the way towards adaptive shared autonomy strategies and consequently enhance the acceptance of prosthetic limbs. Here we highlight certain feasibility considerations, emphasizing practical designs and multi-sensory approaches for the effective implementation of affective touch interfaces.

Antimalarial efficacy test of the aqueous crude leaf extract of Coriandrum sativum Linn.: an in vivo multiple model experimental study in mice infected with Plasmodium berghei

BackgroundMalaria continues to wreak havoc on the well-being of the community. Resistant parasites are jeopardizing the treatment. This is a wake-up call for better medications. Folk plants are the key starting point for antimalarial drug discovery. After crushing and mixing the leaves of Coriandrum sativum with water, one cup of tea is drunk daily for a duration of three to five days as a remedy for malaria by local folks in Ethiopia. Additionally, in vitro experiments conducted on the plant leaf extract elsewhere have also demonstrated the plant’s malaria parasite inhibitory effect. There has been no pharmacologic research to assert this endowment in animals, though. This experiment was aimed at evaluating the antimalarial efficacy of C. sativum in Plasmodium berghei infected mice.MethodsThe plant's leaf was extracted using maceration with distilled water. The extract was examined for potential acute toxicity. An evaluation of secondary phytoconstituents was done. Standard antimalarial screening models (prophylactic, chemosuppressive, curative tests) were utilized to assess the antiplasmodial effect. In each test, thirty mice were organized into groups of five. To the three categories, the test substance was given at doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg/day before or after the commencement of P. berghei infection. Positive and negative control mice were provided Chloroquine and distilled water, respectively. Rectal temperature, parasitemia, body weight, survival time and packed cell volume were ultimately assessed. Analysis of the data was performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences.ResultsNo toxicity was manifested in mice. The extract demonstrated a significant inhibition of parasitemia (p < 0.05) in all the models. The inhibition of parasite load was highest with the upper dose in the suppressive test (82.74%) followed by the curative procedure (78.49%). Likewise, inhibition of hypothermia, weight loss hampering, improved survival and protection against hemolysis were elicited by the extract.ConclusionsThe results of our experimental study revealed that the aqueous crude leaf extract of C. sativum exhibits significant antimalarial efficacy in multiple in vivo models involving mice infected with P. berghei. Given this promising therapeutic attribute, in depth investigation on the plant is recommended.

Risk Factors of Kidney Stones in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study.

Introduction Renal calculi, commonly known as kidney stones, affect approximately 12% of the global population, often resulting in mild to severe pain and complications such as infection and renal failure. The causes are multifactorial, involving lifestyle factors, genetic predisposition, and various medical conditions. Despite advancements in treatment, the incidence of kidney stones is on the rise, especially in regions like Asia's stone belt, which includes Pakistan as well. This study investigates the risk factors associated with kidney stones in patients at the Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar, Pakistan, with the goal of informing healthcare policymakers and educating patients to reduce the prevalence and economic burden of the disease in the region. Methods Over a four-month period, 173 patients admitted to the department with confirmed urolithiasis were recruited using a consensus sampling technique. Inclusion criteria were adults aged 18 or older residing in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Exclusion criteria included pregnancy, incomplete medical records, secondary causes of renal stones, and unwillingness to participate. Data on socio-demographic factors, clinical history, and lifestyle habits were collected through structured interviews. Descriptive analysis was performed using SPSS software version 23 (IBM Inc, Armonk, New York). Results The study findings indicate that kidney stones were notably prevalent among patients aged 31 to 45 years, with 85 cases identified, comprising 49.1% of the study participants. Furthermore, a significant proportion of affected individuals were males, accounting for 94 cases (54.3%). Those with primary schooling or lower education comprised 106 cases (61.3%), and 124 individuals (71.7%) had lower socioeconomic status. Overweight individuals constituted 81 cases (45.8%) of the total. The study also found a considerable prevalence among residents of rural areas, with 128 cases identified (74.0%). Additionally, 104 cases (60.1%) had a personal history of renal stones. Insufficient water intake was prevalent among 122 individuals (70.5%), while daily consumers of more than one cup of tea also exhibited a higher prevalence, with 97 cases identified (56.1%). Lastly, individuals with a high sodium diet were notably affected, with 112 cases (64.7%) recorded. Conclusion In summary, individuals aged 31-45, males, those residing in rural areas, with lower educational and socioeconomic status, insufficient water intake, a diet high in sodium, personal history of kidney stones, and overweight are at higher risk of urolithiasis. Public education on preventive measures is essential to decrease the incidence of kidney stones and enhance quality of life.

Just a Cup of Tea? Jewish-Muslim Interfaith Activism and the Gendered Politics of Representation

Just a Cup of Tea? Jewish-Muslim Interfaith Activism and the Gendered Politics of Representation

MOTOR ACTION AND BRAIN PROCESSES: A NEUROSCIENTIFIC PERSPECTIVE

The rapid development of neuroscience has shown how numerous aspects of behaviour reflect the characteristics of the nervous system and how having experiences depends on the interaction between numerous brain functions. In 1996 Rizzolatti’s team published an article in the journal Brain entitled “": Action Recognition in the Premotor Cortex"”, in which they demonstrated the existence of a special class of cells, defined as “mirror neurons”. When we perform a movement, we program it based on the objective we have set for ourselves: we perform different gestures and movements based on the act we want to perform, for example, having a cup of tea or clearing the table. There is a close link between motility and thought and that is often reflected by the way our mind works. Mirror neuron activity is not affected by the presence of food or the character of the visual stimulus, but, rather, by acts performed by the experimenter involving and effector-object interaction.

Higher Dietary Polyphenol Intake Is Associated With Lower Blood Inflammatory Markers

BackgroundEvidence suggests a link between polyphenol intake and reduced incidence of several chronic diseases. This could arise through associations between polyphenol intake and reduced systemic oxidative stress and subsequent inflammation. However, confirming this association is difficult, as few large cohorts allow for comprehensive assessments of both polyphenol intake and markers of systemic inflammation. ObjectivesTo address this, polyphenol intake was assessed in the UK-based Airwave cohort using 7-d diet diaries and data from Phenol-Explorer to test for associations between polyphenol intake and blood biomarkers of inflammation. MethodsParticipants included 9008 males and females aged 17–74 y (median age: 42 y) whose data was included in a cross-sectional analysis. Phenol-Explorer was used to estimate individuals’ polyphenol intake from diet data describing the consumption of 4104 unique food items. C-reactive protein (CRP) and fibrinogen were used as blood biomarkers of inflammation. ResultsThere were 448 polyphenols found in reported diet items. Median total polyphenol intake was 1536 mg/d (1058–2092 mg/d). Phenolic acids and flavonoids were the main types of polyphenols, and nonalcoholic beverages, vegetables, and fruit were the primary sources. Variation in energy-adjusted polyphenol intake was explained by age, sex, salary, body mass index, education level, smoking, and alcohol consumption. Linear regressions showed inverse associations between total daily intake and both CRP (β: −0.00702; P < 0.001) and fibrinogen (β: −0.00221; P = 0.038). Associations with specific polyphenol compound groups were also found. Logistic regressions using total polyphenol intake quartiles showed stepwise reductions in the odds of elevated CRP with higher intake (6%, 23%, and 24% compared with quartile 1; P = 0.003), alongside 3% and 7% lower odds per unit of polyphenol consumption equivalent to 1 cup of tea or coffee per day. ConclusionsThis study describes polyphenol intake in a large, contemporary UK cohort. We observed associations between higher intake and lower CRP and fibrinogen. This contributes to evidence supporting the health benefits of dietary polyphenols.

Impact of nomenclature as metabolic associated steatotic liver disease on steatotic liver disease prevalence and screening: a prospective population survey in Asians.

The introduction of the latest nomenclature, metabolic associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), proposed by the multi-society without Asian society consensus statement, aims to redefine the diagnostic criteria for metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). However, its effect on the epidemiology in Asia remains unclear. We conducted a population-based cross-sectional survey on fatty liver disease using multistage stratified random sampling of participants from Guangzhou, a representative area in China (ChiCTR2000033376). Demographic, socioeconomic, lifestyle, and laboratory data were collected. Hepatic steatosis and the severity of fibrosis were assessed using FibroScan. A total of 7388 individuals were recruited, the proportion of which meeting the definitions for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), MAFLD, and MASLD were 2359 (31.9%), 2666 (36.1%), and 2240 (30.3%), respectively. One hundred and twenty (1.6%) patients had cryptogenic SLD, and 537 (7.3%) patients were diagnosed with MetALD. MASLD did not significantly differ from NAFLD and MAFLD, except that MAFLD patients had a lower proportion of males, hypertension, and diabetes and were less likely to consume tea (P<0.05). Both cryptogenic SLD and MASLD non-MAFLD patients exhibited milder hepatic steatosis and a lower frequency of liver injury than NAFLD, MAFLD, or MASLD patients (all P<0.05). An increased HOMA-IR (adjusted OR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.10-2.03) was associated with higher risk of moderate-to-severe steatosis for MASLD non-MAFLD patients, while consuming more cups of tea (P for trend=0.015) showed inverse associations. Irrespective of terminology used is that fatty liver disease is highly prevalent in the Han Chinese population. Differences in insulin resistance and lifestyle risk factors are associated with redefinition disparities.

Coffee and tea consumption and dementia risk: The role of sex and vascular comorbidities

Coffee and tea consumption and dementia risk: The role of sex and vascular comorbidities

Insights about the deleterious impact of a carbamate pesticide on some metabolic immune and antioxidant functions and a focus on the protective ability of a Saharan shrub and its anti-edematous property

Abstract In the Algerian desert, individuals often enjoy a soothing cup of herbal tea made from Ephedra alata Decne before bedtime; this aids in their relaxation. Our previous and earlier investigations demonstrated the richness of the shrub in terms of polyphenols and flavonoids and their effective medicinal properties. In the light of that fact, our interest has been aroused to check for other types of metabolites and for the protective ability of the shrub crude extract (SCE) regarding chemically induced edema and subacute toxicity (following a formalin-induced paw edema model and using a carbamate pesticide “pirimicarb” as a toxic agent, in Wistar male rats, respectively). Evidently, the SCE was used as a preventive agent. Swelling of formalin-injected foot was measured, and the anti-edematous ability was expressed as a percent of paw edema. At the end of induced subacute toxicity procedure, many investigations were carried, namely, checking for biochemical several parameters (hepatic, renal), hematological parameters, oxidative stress status (OSS), and histological examining of liver, spleen, and kidney tissues. The results revealed a remarkable anti-edematous effect. Furthermore, the association of the SCE effect has clearly minimized the OSS, the tissue aberrations, and the disturbance of the other metabolic parameters, along with a reduced immunodepression that was provoked under the effect of pirimicarb. In conclusion, pirimicarb has an important deleterious impact on metabolic and immune functions, and the studied shrub has exhibited an amazing protective potential against chemically induced inflammation and toxicity.

More than a mere cup of bubble tea: how does perceived luxuriousness affect the intentions to revisit?

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the influence of perceived luxuriousness on consumers’ revisit intentions via the mediating effects of positive and negative emotions based on the Stimulus-Organism-Response (SOR) model. In this context, “luxuriousness” specifically refers to the richness of furnishings, including the visual allure of aesthetic design and the surrounding cues.Design/methodology/approachA quantitative approach using a survey method is employed to analyse the collected 289 data from consumers of bubble tea. Partial least squares structural equation modelling is chosen as the main analytical approach to examine the research model.FindingsThe results showed that perceived luxuriousness has a significant positive influence on positive emotion and a significant negative influence on negative emotion. Furthermore, positive emotion positively affects revisit intentions, whereas negative emotion negatively affects revisit intentions. Positive emotion mediates the relationship between perceived luxuriousness and revisit intentions, but negative emotion does not.Originality/valueIn terms of theoretical contributions, this study contributes to the SOR model by exploring the influence of perceived luxuriousness on revisit intentions via the mediating effects of emotions in the bubble tea context, which has not been previously examined by past studies. In terms of managerial implications, this study provides insights into how to leverage the element of luxury to encourage consumers to revisit bubble tea stores.

Ambivalence of Revolutionary Cleaning in Mona Prince's Revolution is My Name

Egyptian writer Mona Prince’s self-published 2012 memoir Revolution is My Name abounds with descriptions of transferring Tahrir Square into a domestic space during the 2011 Revolution: people nurturing fellow visitors and protestors; sharing of blankets, warm clothing and mattresses; cooking and eating; distributing Coca-Cola, endless cups of tea, cigarettes; and nursing the injured who clashed with the police. In one point in her chronicling of her political participation, she describes moving one of her friend’s mattresses out into the square and accepting food from whoever is offering it to her. She also details the square being cleaned by women of the elite class, heralding, in Prince’s imaginings, “a new people.” Focusing on descriptions of the cleaning of the square, this article argues that Prince expands domesticity’s political function while overlooking class and religious biases and blindness that undergird her theorizations of it. This blindness, I argue ultimately undermines the revolution’s attempt at total rupture from the unjust state regime of the past and extends insights into the entanglement of power, oppression and political resistance. Given that theorizations of cleanliness have been mobilized by the colonial project as an alibi for the gendered and racialized inequality of colonialism (and neocolonialism), cleaning here raises the specter of colonialism and highlights its mobility to function as a tool to measure complex class ambivalences.

From Bolton to Brussels and Beyond: Two Women’s Passion for Museums and Collecting

The youngest daughter of one of the northwest of England’s largest cotton magnates, Annie Barlow, was a well-educated and passionate woman. At the time of studying English Literature and History in London in 1880 to 1882 she became involved with the newly formed Egypt Exploration Fund, and at just nineteen years old became one of the first, and youngest, Honorary Local Secretaries for Bolton and the surrounding area—a roll she held for almost sixty years up to her death in 1941. The social circles opened to her by her father and brothers included world business leaders, academics and royalty. Through lectures, exhibitions and many cups of tea, Annie proclaimed the work of the fund across the United Kingdom, while modestly keeping her own efforts unannounced. Her fundraising surpassed that of many other local secretaries and led to the amassing of the largest collection of Egyptology in a local authority museum in the UK at Bolton Museum. Her travels took her far and wide, and she too built a sizeable collection of antiquities. Her passion for history, driven by a desire for educational development and religious devotion, was transmitted to those whom she met. It was through her influence and intimate knowledge of textile production that Bolton and its first curators became a renowned center for textile analysis, with excavators sending material to Bolton to aid their interpretations. During the First World War, Annie and her family homed European refugees. Her support for one girl in particular, Raymonde Frin, became a life-long friendship. Growing up under the wing of Annie, and surrounded by private collections of ancient material, Raymonde developed a passion for archaeology. Annie’s financial legacy directly supported the development of Raymonde’s life. Eventually achieving formal archaeological qualifications, she went on to be an integral part of the newly formed UNESCO museums and monuments division, becoming its first editor for Museums International Magazine, and involved in projects to save Egyptian heritage. This paper will look at the two women, Annie and Raymonde, within the context of women collecting and museum work, and their legacy for collections, in particular Egyptology, to the current day.

Prevalence of anemia and its social determinants among the male residents of an urban area in Tamil Nadu, India.

India has a high burden of anemia among the South Asian countries. Anemia has been extensively studied in the female and child population, with less attention given to males. The present study aims to assess the prevalence of anemia among males residing in an urban area and associated social determinants. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 300 males (during September and October 2021) in an urban area of Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu. A portable hemoglobin photometer was used to detect the prevalence of anemia. A structured questionnaire was used to collect details on social determinants of anemia such as dietary practice, education, income, and sanitary practices. The mean age of study participants was 34 ± 5.23 years. The prevalence of overall anemia among men was 20.3% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 15.9-25.3%), with moderate and severe anemia being 5.7% (95% CI: 3.3-8.9%) and 1% (95% CI: 0.2-2.9%), respectively. Belonging to a lower socioeconomic class (odds ratio [OR] = 6.50, P < 0.05) and consuming more than two cups of tea (OR = 7.28, P < 0.05) were significantly associated with anemia. Our study depicts a high burden of anemia among males. Health education on the role of dietary factors contributing to anemia needs to be emphasized with special focus on the frequency of tea intake. Primary care physicians can include screening for anemia in their routine practice for men belonging to lower socioeconomic groups. Consideration should be made to include male populations also under the National Anemia Control program.