CuO Nanofluid Research Articles

Rotating twisted tape turbulators and CuO nanofluid synergy: investigating heat transfer characteristics in tubular systems

Rotating twisted tape turbulators and CuO nanofluid synergy: investigating heat transfer characteristics in tubular systems

Multi-objective optimization and exergoeconomic analysis of a novel solar desalination system with absorption cooling

This paper presents a novel design for a solar-powered desalination system utilizing a single-effect absorption refrigeration cycle with a flat-plate solar collector. The NH3-H2O working fluid pair in the refrigeration subsystem produces chilled water while the rejected heat from the condenser drives a humidification-dehumidification (HDH) subsystem for freshwater generation. This cycle has been analyzed thermodynamically and exergetically to understand its key performance parameters. Furthermore, for a detailed examination and optimization, an exergoeconomic analysis was also conducted. Design parameters for this study include the tilt angle of the solar collector, Volume fraction of nanoparticles in the CuO nanofluid, Solar collector area, Base fluid mass flow rate in the collector, Mass flow rate of the strong solution, Absorber and condenser temperatures, Mass ratio and Humidifier effectiveness. The Objective functions used to evaluate the system, performance are the Cooling effect of performance (COP), Energy performance (EP), Exergy efficiency (μExe), and the Total product cost rate of the system (Ċp,Tot). The genetic algorithm optimization is employed to find the best system performance using two sets of three objective functions. The effectiveness of multi-objective optimization using LINMAP, TOPSIS, and Shannon Entropy methods is demonstrated. LINMAP and TOPSIS consistently achieved improvements in COP (32–42 %), exergy efficiency (33–48 %), and reduced total cost (89–90 %) compared to the base point, while Shannon Entropy offered slightly lower gains. These methods consistently identify superior system configurations, achieving significant improvements in performance while minimizing the total product cost rate.

Investigation of Dielectric Behavior of CuO Nanofluids with Mixed Alcohol-Amine Solvents: Butanol-Diethylamine and Isopropanol-Diethylamine

Abstract This study measures the dielectric constant of CuO nanofluid and binary fluids, such as butanol and isopropanol at different temperatures between 293K and 318K and molar concentrations between 0.01M and 0.06M. An important factor in figuring out how CuO nanofluids behave electrochemically is their dielectric constant. Binary fluids were examined to demonstrate their enhancement capability. A small amount of nanoparticles added suggests a larger increase in the dielectric constant of the resulting nanofluids. A procured CuO nanoparticle to maintain 100% purity and its dispersion is constant during the measurement. The findings suggest that the hybrid CuO nanofluid is a strong contender to enhance the dielectric characteristics of traditional fluids.

Optimization of Thermal and Rheological Performance in Non-Polar Binary Fluids Using Hybrid CuO Nanoparticles

Abstract Nanofluid is a novel type of technological fluid with numerous applications. Copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles were dispersed in the binary fluids (Cyclohexane + Diethyl amine (DEA) and (1-4 dioxane + DEA) to create a nonpolar hybrid CuO nanofluid. The thermal conductivity (K) and viscosity (ῃ) of a nonpolar hybrid CuO nanofluid were determined at low concentrations (0.01M to 0.06M) and temperatures ranging from 298K to 318K. The transient hotwire approach is utilized for K measurements, while the viscometer is employed for viscosity measurements. As concentration increases, K drops, yet there is an increase owing to uniform variance in temperatures (T).ῃ changes with concentration and temperature. The results show that the hybrid CuO nanofluid has a phenomenal heat transfer improvement compared to the binary mixtures. The non-polar hybrid CuO nanofluid’s thermal conductivity increases by 15% to 20%, while its viscosity increases by 18% to 25%.

Comparative Numerical and Experimental Analyses of Conical Solar Collector and Spot Fresnel Concentrator

This paper aims to compare the thermal performances of the conical solar collector (CSC) system and the spot Fresnel lens system (SFL) using water and CuO nanofluid as the working fluids. The studied CFD models for both systems were validated using experimental data. At an optimal flow rate of 6 L/min, the SFL system showed higher optical and thermal performance in comparison with that of the CSC system. In the case of the SFL system, the availability of a greater amount of solar energy per unit collector area caused an increase in thermal energy. Moreover, in the case of the CSC system, the non-uniform distribution of solar flux on the absorber’s outer surface leads to an increase in temperature gradient and heat losses. As a heating medium, the CuO nanofluid outperformed the water in terms of higher thermal conductivity and heat capacity. The average thermal efficiencies of 64.7% and 61.2% were achieved using SFL with and without CuO nanofluid, respectively, which were 2.4% and 0.5% higher than those of the CSC with and without nanofluid. CFD simulations show a 2.80% deviation for SFL and 2.92% for CSC, indicating acceptable accuracy compared to experimental data.

Investigation of Thermodynamic Properties and Stability of Metal Oxide (CuO and Al2O3)/Deionized Water Nanofluids for Enhanced Heat Transfer Applications

The potential of nanofluids in improving heat transfer efficiency is well recognized, although there is a lack of clarity regarding the methods for assessing their stability and the influence on thermophysical properties. Moreover, the prevention of nanoparticle aggregation, which is essential for stability, requires further investigation. This study aims to address these issues by investigating the thermodynamic properties and stability of Al2O3/deionized water and CuO/deionized water nanofluids, which were prepared using magnetic stirring and ultrasonication. The stability assessment, conducted through standard deviation analysis, revealed that CuO (80 nm)/deionized water nanofluids exhibited greater stability compared to Al2O3 (80 nm)/deionized water nanofluids. The research explored the impact of temperature, volume concentration, and nanoparticle type under both static and dynamic conditions. Static tests focused on measuring thermal conductivity, viscosity, and specific heat, while dynamic tests involved a heat exchanger setup to determine heat transfer rates. The findings indicated that CuO nanofluids displayed the highest thermal conductivity and the most significant reduction in specific heat and heat transfer rate. Viscosity was found to increase with nanoparticle concentration and decrease with temperature. This study provides valuable insights into the thermophysical characteristics and stability of nanofluids, emphasizing the advantages of CuO-based nanofluids for heat transfer applications.

Performance evaluation of a novel parabolic trough solar collector with nanofluids and porous inserts

In this study, the thermal performance enhancement of parabolic trough solar collector (PTSC) with porous strips and nanofluid is visited computationally. The research investigates the effect of variation of the geometry angle of the porous protrusion and nanoparticles on the thermal performance of PTSC system. The tests are performed by varying geometry angles from 5° to 15°, porosity from 0 to 0.7, solar radiation from 400-1000 W/m2, Reynolds number (Re) of 477–1906, and at a fixed height-to-diameter (h/D) ratio of 0.25. The study is also extended by considering copper oxide (CuO) and aluminum oxide (Al2O3) based nanofluids with a volume fraction of 3–7 %. Results indicate the presence of nanofluids increases the average Nusselt number ratios by up to 51.39 % compared to water. The research also emphasizes that adding porous obstacles results in a 9.86% enhancement in the average Nusselt number compared to a non-porous version. The thermal performance factor is found to be augmented by 5.32 % and 5.75 % with a change in geometry angle from 5° to 15° for Al2O3 and CuO nanofluids, respectively. Further, at a geometry angle of 15°, h/D=0.25, Re = 1428, and solar radiation of 800 W/m2, the highest thermal performance factor of 1.368 is obtained for CuO nanofluids. With the change in geometry angle from 5° to 15° with Al2O3 and CuO nanofluids, the thermal efficiency increases by 7.73 % and 8.59 %, respectively. At an h/D ratio of 0.25 and a geometry angle of 15°, the absorber tube provides maximum thermal efficiency of up to 59.75 % and 62.96 %, respectively, with a 7 % volume fraction of Al2O3 and CuO nanofluids.

Experimental Investigation of Heat Transfer in Automotive Radiator Using CuO Nanofluids

Experimental Investigation of Heat Transfer in Automotive Radiator Using CuO Nanofluids

Experimental research of convective heat transfer between nanofluids and high-temperature dense granite in deep geothermal reservoirs

Global warming is increasing as CO2 emissions from the use of conventional fossil fuels continue to rise. The development of geothermal energy is gradually becoming the key to the sustainable development of human society in the future. Enhancing the heat transfer performance of circulating heat transfer fluids is one of the effective means to efficiently exploit deep geothermal resources. In this study, a self-developed circulating heat exchange experimental setup was established. The convection heat transfer characteristics of nanofluids in high-temperature rocks were experimentally investigated. Al2O3 nanofluid and CuO nanofluid were used as the working medium for heat transfer in high temperature granite samples. The effects of the Reynolds number (1000–6000) and parameters such as nanoparticle type (CuO & Al2O3), size (20 nm & 40 nm) and mass fraction (0 wt%-2wt%) on the heat transfer intensity were analyzed. The effect of nanoparticle accumulation on the rock surface on the local heat transfer strength was also investigated. The results indicate that the increase of Reynolds number enhances the heat transfer strength of nanofluids in rocks. Nanofluid containing 20 nm Al2O3 nanoparticles has better heat transfer performance in rock than nanofluid containing 20 nm CuO nanoparticles. Meanwhile, the heat transfer performance of nanofluid containing 20 nm Al2O3 nanoparticles in rock is better than that of nanofluid containing 40 nm Al2O3 nanoparticles. The heat transfer intensity increases and then decreases as the nanoparticle mass fraction increases. The heat transfer coefficient at Reynolds number 6000 is 52.2 % higher than that of water. For nanofluids and water, the local heat transfer intensity decreases with increasing distance from the inlet. Meanwhile, accumulation of nanoparticles on rock surfaces during convective heat transfer enhances heat transfer intensity. The results show that nanofluids have the potential to be applied to deep geothermal resource extraction. This paper provides data and technical support for the application of nanomaterials in medium and deep geothermal systems to enhance heat transfer efficiency.

Experimental Investigation of Thermo-Hydraulic Characteristics and Sustainability Measure of a Novel Multi-Fluid Heat Exchanger for Turbulent Water-Based Nanofluid Flow through the Inserted Brazed Helix Tube

Abstract A Novel Multi-Fluid Heat Exchanger (NMFHE) deployed for simultaneous heating of water and space is experimentally investigated to predict its thermo-hydraulic, exergetic, and sustainability performance for distinct Al2O3, TiO2, and CuO nanofluid flow of 50ppm concentration of each through the inserted Brazed Helix Tube (BHT). The input parameters such as flow rates, helix tube diameters, and nanofluid types are varied throughout the experiments to evaluate their effect on output performance parameters i.e., Nusselt number (Nu), Friction factor (f), entropy generation number (Ns), JF factor (JF), exergy efficiency (εE), and sustainability index (SI). The nanofluid (NF) flowing through the BHT is the heating fluid that simultaneously heated the cold water (CW), and air (CA) flowing through the outer shell and inner conduit of the BHT respectively. A distinct Nusselt number correlation for turbulent nanofluid flow inside BHT was developed, compared, and validated reasonably with the current result. For Al2O3 NF at a Reynolds number of 5698 with a 1/2-inch diameter helix tube, the best results for JF, εE, and SI are found to be 0.009, 0.72, and 3.53, respectively. Furthermore, for Al2O3 and TiO2 NF at a Reynolds number of 14250 and a helix tube diameter of 1/4 and 1/2-inch, f, and Ns are found to be 0.0032 and 0.043, respectively are optimum. It is observed that the use of Al2O3 NF, higher helix tube diameters, and lower flow rates all make the proposed heating application more sustainable.

Investigating the influence of nanofluid on photovoltaic-thermal systems concerning photovoltaic panel performance

Solar energy has much promise to replace the planet's finite supply of fossil fuels as it is sustainable and eco-friendly. Photovoltaic (PV) panels are one example of the proper technology that may transform solar energy into electrical energy. On the other hand, high temperatures may reduce photovoltaic cells' ability to produce power efficiently. As a result, a study was carried out to use the PV/T (Photovoltaic Thermal) collector system and evaluate the effects of CuO, TiO2, and Al2O3 nanofluids as cooling agents on the performance and operating temperature of PV panels. In Surakarta, Indonesia, an experimental study was conducted with nanoparticle concentrations of 0.2 vol% and a flow rate of 3 L/m at an intensity of radiation of 1000 W/m2. The results showed that, in comparison to uncooled PV panels, employing CuO, TiO2, and Al2O3 nanofluids in the PV/T system resulted in temperature reductions of 18.84 °C, 18.12 °C, and 17.62 °C, respectively. Moreover, measurements of the electrical efficiency produced by PV and PV/T panels using CuO, TiO2, and Al2O3 nanofluids showed that the respective values were 10.98%, 13.92%, 13.65%, and 13.39%. This study contributes to the development of solar energy technology by demonstrating the potential of nanofluid-based cooling devices to improve solar panel performance in hot conditions.

Jet impingement quenching of a hot steel plate using a surfactant added CuO nanofluid

The mechanical properties of the steel are significantly impacted by the cooling rate. In the steel industry, cooling rates on the run-out table customizes the microstructure of the steel plate, which enhances plate strength. In this research, the AISI 304 steel plate underwent cooling from a starting surface temperature of 900 °C. The effect on the jet cooling of a steel plate has been investigated using surfactant-added CuO nanofluid and methanol-added CuO nanofluid. It was found that using surfactant-added CuO nanofluid and methanol-added CuO nanofluid as a coolant, the cooling rate increased by 32.09 % and 38.66 %, respectively, in contrast to pure water.

Augmentation of the tubular distiller performance via hot air injection from a parabolic trough collector, nanocoating, and nanofluid

Nowadays, due to freshwater scarcity intensifying, researchers are actively seeking to improve solar desalination, a technology with immense potential, but there are still limitations in production capacity. This study investigated the integration of various additives in tubular solar still (TSS) at three configurations. In Case I, a V-corrugated basin and an air parabolic trough collector (PTC) equipped with evacuated tubes were integrated. Then, with the same attachments, CuO nanocoating was applied to the basin surface in Case II, aiming to enhance heat absorption. Finally, in Case III, CuO nanofluid was used in the presence of all previous enhancers. The system was studied during summer days with weather parameters having average ranges (minimum – peak) of 32.5–37.5 °C (ambient temperature), 318.5–1000 W/m2 (solar radiation), and 1.1–2.3 m/s (wind speed). The results were very acceptable and competitive. All modified configurations of the advanced TSS (ATSS) significantly increased distillate production compared to the classic TSS (CTSS), with a range of 49.84–79.88 %. Case III stood out as the most successful configuration, achieving outstanding gains in both energy and exergy efficiencies. Compared to the CTSS, Case III boasted an impressive 83.69 % improvement in energy efficiency and a staggering 242.45 % increase in exergy efficiency. This refers to a system that not only produces more desalinated water but also does so with significantly less wasted energy, making it a more environmentally sustainable solution. Case III also offered a good economic advantage with a 13.51 % cost reduction compared to CTSS.

Enhancing Radiator Cooling with CuO Nanofluid Microchannels

The study explores in employing copper oxide (CuO) nanofluid as a cooling medium in the vehicle radiators. To simulate the heat transfer process, the microchannel is constructed using elec-tron discharge machining (EDM) and a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling is em-ployed. UV-visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and dynamic light scat-tering (DLS) are used to characterize the CuO nanofluid. CuO nanofluid surpasses water in the heat transfer capabilities, with a 40% improvement in thermal conductivity. The average size of CuO nanoparticles was determined via DLS to be 485.1 nm. The heat transfer coefficient of CuO nanofluid is 5366 W/m2K, which is 116% larger than that of water. The increased heat transfer capabilities of CuO nanofluid microchannel flow indicate to its potential as a viable replacement for conventional radiators in the automotive applications. Lower engine tempera-tures, increased fuel efficiency, and longer engine lifespan may result from improved cooling performance. Due of the small size of microchannels, more efficient and space-saving radiators for automobiles are conceivable. More research is needed to improve the microchannel design as well as to realize the practical benefits of CuO nanofluids in car cooling systems.

Impact of variable electrical conductivity, viscosity on convective heat and mass transfer flow of CuO- and Al2O3-water nanofluids in cylindrical annulus

In the food industry, electrical conductivity is essential for heating processes. The dependence on temperature conductivity of electricity on the outermost layers flow of the nanofluid is the main topic of this paper. Variable electrical conductivity, viscosity, thermo diffusion, thermal radiation and radiation absorption on convective heat and mass transfer flow Cuo and Al2O3-water nano-fluids confined in cylindrical annulus. The non-linear governing equations have been solved by finite element technique with quadratic approximation functions. For various parametric adjustments, the temperature, speed, and nanoconcentration have all been examined. Similar to the cylindrical wall, quantitative evaluations have been made of the surface resistance, temperature rate and mass transport. It is discovered that for both types of nanofluids, a higher thermo-diffusion effect leads to a lower concentration and Sherwood digits on the cylinders. An augment in Q1 enriches the rapidity in CuO-water nanofluidic system as well as decreases in Al2O3-water nanofluidic. Increased Q1 lowers the real temperature and nanoconcentration in both types of nanofluids.

Enhancing Closed System Efficiency through CuO Nanofluids: Investigating Thermophysical Properties and Heat Transfer Performance

Working fluids play a crucial role in closed systems to ensure efficient performance, particularly in systems for heating, cooling, or power generation, where the heat transfer coefficient is pivotal. This study delves into the thermodynamic properties and stability of copper oxide (CuO) nanofluids as alternative working fluids in closed systems. Investigating colloidal suspensions of CuO nanoparticles, the research aims to enhance heat transfer efficiency. CuO nanoparticles, sized at 40nm and 80nm, were dispersed in base fluids like water, ethylene glycol, and oil sans surfactants. The study, divided into static and dynamic phases, examines key nanofluid properties including viscosity, thermal conductivity, specific heat, and heat transfer rate. Through methodologies such as KD2 Pro for thermal conductivity, rheometer for viscosity, and small heat exchanger for heat transfer rate analysis, the effects of volume concentration, temperature, and nanoparticle size on nanofluid performance were evaluated. Sedimentation analysis employed both quantitative (standard deviation calculations) and qualitative (sediment capture methods) approaches. The findings highlight the superior heat transfer rate of 40nm CuO nanofluid at 0.467% volume concentration which is 9.08 kJ/s, suggesting its potential to optimize system efficiency, particularly in heating, cooling, and power generation applications.

Numerical study of parabolic trough solar collector’s thermo-hydraulic performance using CuO and Al2O3 nanofluids

The current study aims to boost the thermal and hydraulic performance of a parabolic trough solar collector by modifying the absorber tube with a porous obstacle insertion. The research investigates how porous media and nanoparticles together influence the system's thermal performance, considering factors like outlet temperature, average Nusselt number, average friction factor, thermal performance factor, and thermal efficiency at different mass flow rates. To achieve better thermal performance, the base fluid, water, is substituted with Copper Oxide (CuO)-water and Aluminum Oxide (Al2O3)-water nanofluids at concentrations ranging from 3% to 7% by volume. The experiments are conducted at 800–1000 W.m-2 heat flux on the outside tube surface. The finite element method discretizes the governing equations for 3-D fluid flow simulations conducted in COMSOL Multiphysics 6.1 software. The simulation is carried out considering four altered rates of mass flow, ranging from 0.015 kg.s−1 to 0.060 kg.s−1. The findings show that at a Reynolds number of 1428 and a 7% volume concentration, the maximum thermal performance factor recorded is 1.97 and 1.99 for Al2O3 and CuO nanofluids, respectively. Additionally, the absorber tube achieves maximum thermal efficiency of up to 77.93% and 79.03%. Also, the augmentation in the average Nusselt number ratio is 26.27% and 36.74% when using Al2O3 and CuO nanofluids, respectively, with the tube height-to-diameter ratio (h/D) set at 0.42. The average friction factor ratio was reduced by 2.9% using CuO nanofluids compared to Al2O3 nanofluids. Thermal efficiency was enhanced by 7.2% using a porous obstacle insert in the parabolic trough solar collector system compared to a non-porous system.

Optimizing heat transfer rate and sensitivity analysis of hybrid nanofluid flow over a radiating sheet: Applications in solar-powered charging stations

In a solar collector system, absorbing radiation through solar panel and transforming it into heat, the role of nanofluid is vital. However, the combined effect of CuO and Cu water hybrid nanofluid efficiently carries the fascinated heat away from the solar collector. Further, it helps improve in efficiency of the thermal solar thermal system by enhancing heat transfer and thermal losses. Based upon the advanced properties, the study aims at the behavior of a conducting hybrid nanofluid comprised of CuO and Cu nanoparticles through a nonlinear stretching surface filled with a porous matrix. Essentially, the use of thermal radiation with dissipative heat and convective heat transfer boundary conditions are important in enhancing heat transfer properties. The assemble of diversified similarity rules is useful for the transformation of the governing equations into dimensionless form. Further, numerical technique with the help of built-in function bvp4c in MATLAB is employed for the solution of the designed model equipped with different constraints. A robust statistical analysis i.e. response surface methodology (RSM) combined with analysis of variance (ANOVA) is used to optimize the heat transfer rate. Sensitivity analysis for the associated factors united to the response of heat transfer is obtained and presented briefly. Finally, the parametric behavior is important to describe following the pattern of the graph. Further, the important outcomes are; the enhanced volume fraction of the nanoparticles augments the fluid velocity as well as the temperature significantly. Thermal radiation has influential behavior in enhancing the heat transport phenomenon of hybrid nanofluid.

Numerical Study of Convection Heat Transfer with Confinement Around a Square Cylinder Submerged in a Water-Based Nanofluid

The novelty of this work lies in the comprehensive investigation of Forced convection heat transfer a square cylinder inclined at 45° using CuO nanofluid employing a single phase approach. A heated square cylinder with constant wall temperature boundary condition, subjected to a flowing nanofluid between two parallel walls, undergoes a laminar, steady and two-dimensional flow within a Reynolds number range of 1 < Re > 40. To obtain solutions for the flow and energy transfer, a Finite Element Method (FEM) is employed to numerically solve the governing differential equations and boundary conditions. The objective of this work is to highlight the effects of Reynolds number (Re), confinement ratio (λ), volume concentration (Φ) and diameter of nanoparticles (dnp) on fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics of nanofluid. To capture the effect of Φ and dnp in nanofluid, the thermo-physical-properties of CuO nanofluid are determined experimentally. In the results, at Re = 40, a secondary separation zone (recirculation zone) is observed near the surface of the channel wall. The drag coefficient value rises as the Φ increases and the vdnp decreases, regardless of other factors such as Re and λ. Conversely, as the confinement ratio and volume fraction of nanoparticles increase, the average Nusselt number also rises, while maintaining a constant value of Re and dnp. In contrast, the size of the nanoparticles exhibits an inverse relationship with the average Nusselt number. The study contributes to the understanding of nanofluid behavior and provides practical insights for applications, supported by correlations and Artificial Neural Network predictions (Parrales et al.).

Thermoeconomic Analysis of a Compact Active Coolant System for Lithium-Ion Battery Pack

The present work aims to perform a thermoeconomic assessment of a battery pack integrating a novel compact coolant system through which Al2O3, TiO2, CuO, and Cu nanofluids flow at different Reynolds numbers and concentrations. The inlets in the north and west and the outlets in the south and east directions are found to be the best configuration since the least number of batteries exhibits higher temperatures. A nanofluid-based cooling system offers an improvement of 15 K in battery core temperature when compared to the pack without any coolant system at 200 s; however, a reduction of 0.3 K is noticed when compared to water. CuO nanoparticles perform better at a low concentration of 2%, whereas Cu particles have an advantage over other nanoparticles at a concentration greater than 2%. An economic analysis of the nanofluid has also been performed, eradicating the idea of using Cu–water nanofluid in the coolant system owing to its significantly high cost. Though the cost of the CuO and Al2O3 nanofluid is 13 times lower than Cu, using pure water as the coolant is recommended since there is a marginal reduction of 0.1–0.3 K in the battery pack temperature when water is replaced by nanofluid.