Cumulative Risk Assessment Research Articles

Dissipation, processing factors and risk assessment of chlorothalonil, chlorfenapyr and difenoconazole residues in chilli peppers from field to table

Understanding the residue fates of chlorothalonil, chlorfenapyr and difenoconazole in chilli peppers is essential for safeguarding food safety and human health. Here, the dissipation, removal and risk assessment of chlorothalonil, chlorfenapyr and difenoconazole in chilli peppers from field to table were systematically investigated. In field trials, the dissipation of chlorothalonil, chlorfenapyr and difenoconazole followed the first-order kinetics in chilli peppers, with half-lives of 6.80, 9.00 and 21.00 days, respectively. Residues of the metabolites, including 4-hydroxychlorothalonil (SDS-3701), tralopyril and difenoconazole–alcohol (CGA205375), were also detected in chilli peppers. The processing factors (PFs) in pickled chilli and chilli paste for washing, salting and fermentation were <1, with the overall process having PFs of 0.10–0.93. Chronic, acute and cumulative risk assessments indicated that dietary exposure to chlorothalonil, SDS-3701, chlorfenapyr, difenoconazole and CGA205375 was within acceptable limits of chilli pepper consumption. However, the total dietary risk of chlorothalonil and difenoconazole was alarming, with risk quotients (RQs) of 162% and 140%, respectively. The results could guide the safe and reasonable use of chlorothalonil, chlorfenapyr and difenoconazole in agriculture, as well as provide reference for assessing their residue levels in chilli products.

Relationship between phthalate exposure and kidney function in Taiwanese adults as determined through covariate-adjusted standardization and cumulative risk assessment

Few studies have investigated the associations between phthalate exposure and kidney function indicators in adults by simultaneously performing covariate-adjusted creatinine standardization, cumulative risk assessment, and mixture analysis. Thus, we applied these methods simultaneously to investigate the aforementioned associations in an adult population. This cross-sectional study analyzed data (N = 839) from a community-based arm of the Taiwan Biobank. The levels of 10 urinary phthalate metabolites were measured and calculated as the sum of the molar concentrations of the dibutyl phthalate metabolite (ΣDBPm) and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) metabolite (ΣDEHPm). The hazard index (HI) and daily intake (DI) were estimated by measuring the urinary levels of the phthalate metabolite. Kidney function biomarkers were assessed by measuring the following: blood urea nitrogen (BUN), uric acid, the albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR), and the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Generalized linear models were implemented to examine the associations between exposure to individual phthalates, HI scores, and kidney function biomarkers. We also employed Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) to analyze the relationships between exposure to various combinations of phthalates and kidney function. ΣDEHPm levels were significantly and positively associated with BUN and ACR levels, and ΣDBPm levels were positively associated with ACR levels. In addition, eGFR was negatively associated with ΣDBPm and ΣDEHPm levels. In the BKMR model, a mixture of 10 phthalate metabolites was significantly associated with BUN, uric acid, ACR, and eGFR results. Higher DIDEHP and higher DIDnBP values were significantly associated with lower eGFRs and higher ACRs, respectively. Higher DIDiBP and DIDEP values were significantly associated with higher uric acid levels. A higher HI was significantly associated with lower eGFRs and higher ACRs. Our results suggest that exposure to environmental phthalates is associated with impaired kidney function in Taiwanese adults.

Evaluating dietary exposure and risk characterization of aflatoxin B1, citrinin, and ochratoxin A co-occurrence in pigmented rice consumed in Thailand

In recent years, pigmented rice, often referred to as functional rice, has attracted increasing attention due to its perceived health benefits arising from an abundance of phytochemicals. However, there is limited information on the occurrence and risks of mycotoxins due to long-term consumption of pigmented rice. This study assessed the co-occurrence and contamination levels of aflatoxins, citrinin (CIT), and ochratoxin A (OTA) in various pigmented rice samples sourced from Thailand, and also evaluated the potential health risks for consumers. The results indicated varying levels of mycotoxin contamination among the different tested pigmented rice varieties, with aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) being the most prevalent (39.1 %), followed by CIT (17.3 %) and OTA (14.5 %). The co-occurrences of AFB1-CIT and CIT-OTA were the most prevalent combination observed in the pigmented rice samples. Although the AFB1 and CIT levels remained below regulatory limits, some samples had OTA levels exceeding these limits, though by a small percentage. Furthermore, the anthocyanin content in pigmented rice showed a weak positive correlation with the AFB1 level (p < 0.05). The estimated risk of liver cancer incidence associated with the consumption of pigmented rice containing AFB1 was in the range 0.012–0.061 cases/100,000 persons/year, depending on consumption rate and behavior. The risk posed by CIT exposure was considered negligible. However, the exposure assessments suggested a potential risk of OTA exposure, particularly in scenarios with higher consumption rates. Cumulative risk assessment of AFB1-OTA co-occurrence indicated an amplified health risk compared to single mycotoxin exposure. These findings offer valuable evidence, encouraging further research aimed at mitigating the risks associated with mycotoxin contamination in pigmented rice.

Carcinogenic risk to the health of the population of a large industrial city as a result of multi-environmental and multi-route exposure to chemicals

Introduction. Despite the relatively low average annual mortality rate, the increased incidence of cancer in the population of the Omsk region, together with indicators of the quality of oncological care, indicate a tense epidemiological situation. The purpose of the study is to determine priority environments and routes of exposure to chemicals in the formation of long-term carcinogenic risks in the city of Omsk. Materials and methods. There were used results of environmental and social-hygienic monitoring of habitat objects for the period 2017–2022. To assess the cumulative carcinogenic risk, atmospheric air, drinking tap water, open water, soil, food products, and 3 routes of exposure were taken into account: inhalation, oral and cutaneous. The assessment of carcinogenic risks was carried out in accordance with Guideline R 2.1.10.3968–23, taking into account the severity coefficient of malignant neoplasms. Results. The carcinogenic risk to the health of the population of the city of Omsk as a result of multi–environmenal and multi-route exposure to chemicals was assessed as alarming (high in an the engraved script). The structure of contributions to the cumulative carcinogenic risk: drinking water – 63.3%, atmospheric air – 33.1%, food products – 3.3 %, other environments less than 0.5%. The main route of entry of chemical carcinogens is inhalation (77.4%). Alarming carcinogenic risks were formed through the inhalation route of chloroform from drinking water; chromium VI, formaldehyde, benzene, and soot from atmospheric air. Among the target organs of malignant neoplasms, the greatest risk was in the gastrointestinal tract, which was assessed as alarming. Limitations. Not all habitat objects were analyzed, which may reduce the objectivity of the conclusions. Conclusion. An assessment of the long-term cumulative carcinogenic risk made it possible to prioritize the list of chemical pollutants, environmental objects, and routes of exposure to carcinogens. For more accurate planning of sanitary and hygienic measures to reduce public health risks, improve comprehensive monitoring of pollutants in all environments, taking into account all routes of entry into the human body, it is advisable to analyze the total risks for multi-environmental and multi-route exposure with an analysis of the contribution of chemicals, media, routes to their formation.

Mock Assessment: Acute prospective cumulative risk assessment

Abstract This Mock assessment is a part of the Framework Partnership Agreement between ANSES and EFSA with the help of RIVM to investigate the feasibility of a tiered approach proposed by EFSA for prospective acute cumulative risk assessment (CRA). Three tiers address successively a need for prospective CRA (Tier 0), the safety of the MRL (Tier I) and the safety of the intended GAP (Tier II). ANSES tested this approach with an application for change of MRL for the active substance tefluthrin (with acute effects on functional alterations of the motor division) on carrot based on a new intended use. For each tier, the Margin of Exposure (MOE) was calculated for 9 populations with MCRA software using input data provided by EFSA. At P99.9 of exposure, all the adjusted MOET at Tier I and Tier II of all populations were below the threshold of 100. Different settings were tested (IESTI equation, consumption data, adjustment for uncertainties, cycle of monitoring data…). With respect to Tier I, the trigger value of 1000 for the MOETier 0 is pragmatic. In the vast majority of cases, when the MOETier 0 is above 1000, the MOETTier I would be above 100. With respect to Tier II, a MOETier 0 higher than 1000 ensures a MOETTier II above 100. Tier I could be considered a good first estimate for a prospective CRA with conservative parameters for the foreground. Two routes were tested to account for uncertainties. One was not possible. The second resulted in a new median multiplicative factor (MF)exposure*toxicology of 2.82 that differs significantly from the value of 5.13 found in the retrospective assessment. Despite the simplifications envisaged, the uncertainty analysis seems difficult to be implemented on a routine basis and it might be useful to define criteria to identify cases where an uncertainty analysis is really needed.

Mock assessment: Chronic prospective cumulative risk assessment

Abstract This Mock assessment is a part of the Framework Partnership Agreement between ANSES and EFSA with the help of RIVM to investigate the feasibility of a tiered approach proposed by EFSA for prospective chronic cumulative risk assessment (CRA). Three tiers address successively (i) a need for prospective CRA (Tier 0) using a deterministic approach to estimate the foreground exposure based on IEDI equation, (ii) a first estimation of prospective CRA (Tier I) using a probabilistic approach to estimate the background exposure at P99.9 and a deterministic approach to estimate the foreground exposure at mean or P97.5 consumption and (iii) a second estimation of prospective CRA (Tier II) using a probabilistic approach to estimate the background and foreground exposure at P99.9. ANSES tested this approach with an MRL application for the active substance fenamidone (with chronic effects on the thyroid) on lettuce, based on a new intended use currently under assessment at national level. For each Tier, the Margin of Exposure (MOE) was calculated for 9 populations with MCRA software using input data provided by EFSA and settings according to EFSA protocol. Different combinations of settings were tested as part of sensitivity analyses (consumption data, adjustment for additional uncertainties, cycle of monitoring data, etc.) and were used as the basis for discussion of different open points (trigger value in Tier 0, use frequency for the focal combination in tier II, ad hoc uncertainty analysis to account for additional uncertainties, etc.) to be addressed before prospective CRA could be implemented as a routine exercise. Finally, based on these discussions, recommendations were made to consolidate the approach for chronic prospective CRA.

P25-25 Dietary cumulative risk assessment of pesticide residues having effects on kidneys

P25-25 Dietary cumulative risk assessment of pesticide residues having effects on kidneys

S13-02 Update on EFSA's activities in the area of cumulative risk assessment of pesticides

S13-02 Update on EFSA's activities in the area of cumulative risk assessment of pesticides

P25-10 Update of European Food Safety Authority (EFSA)'s work on cumulative risk assessment of pesticide residues targeting the thyroid

P25-10 Update of European Food Safety Authority (EFSA)'s work on cumulative risk assessment of pesticide residues targeting the thyroid

Phthalate and DINCH metabolites in the urine of Hungarian schoolchildren: Cumulative risk assessment and exposure determinants

A human biomonitoring study was conducted to assess the exposure of Hungarian children aged 8–11 years to ten phthalate esters (PEs) and DINCH between 2017 and 2018. In addition to collecting urine samples from 262 participants, a questionnaire was completed by the parents or legal guardians to identify potential determinants of exposure.The highest geometric mean concentration was observed for MiBP, followed by MBP, cx- MEHP, OH-MEHP and MEP. Three out of the four DINCH metabolites were detected in more than 90% of the samples. The comparison of the urinary concentrations measured in this study with those observed in the DEMOCOPHES study revealed a significant decreasing trend in all PE metabolites investigated in both studies between 2011/2012 and 2017/2018. Different approaches were used to assess the health risks associated with the exposure to PEs and DINCH. Our results highlighted that the hazard index (HI) values were higher than 1 in 17.6% of the children when the human biomonitoring guidance values were applied. In contrast, less than 3% of the children had HI values exceeding 1 when other sources of reference values were used. By applying a safety factor of 10 for the risk assessment, 17.6–91.6% of the children were characterized by HI values higher than 0.1, indicating the need for risk reduction measures. Overall, DnBP, DiBP and DEHP were identified as the main drivers of the mixture risk. Although PEs and DINCH are ubiquitous contaminants, there are still inconsistencies and gaps in our understanding of the determinants of exposure. The results of the multivariate regression analysis showed significant associations between PE or DINCH metabolite concentrations and certain individual characteristics, use of personal care products, home and school environment and food and beverages consumption 24 h prior to sample collection.

Principles for Robust Cumulative Risk Assessment

Principles for Robust Cumulative Risk Assessment

Cumulative dietary risk assessment for French consumers exposed to succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor pesticides

Consumers are exposed to succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) pesticides through their diet. A cumulative dietary risk assessment for the French population has been performed with French monitoring data (2017–2021) and consumption data from INCA3. The calculation followed a two-tiered approach, using deterministic then probabilistic methods. It was carried out, using European health based guidance values (HBGV) derived for each active substance to characterise their toxicity. In Tier I, the calculated hazard index of 0.12 was below the threshold of 1 and in Tier II, the total margin of exposure at percentile 99.9 remains above the trigger value of 100 (1798 [1631–2311]). In Tier II, the three main risk drivers identified at the upper tail of the distribution were strawberries-fluopyram (19.1%), peaches-fluopyram (14.1%) and table grapes-boscalid (10.5%). Finally, the impact of the major sources of uncertainties was qualitatively evaluated. All together, they were considered of low impact on the outcomes. This work demonstrates the absence of unacceptable chronic risk related to the cumulative exposure of SDHI for French consumers during the 2017–2021 period.

Refined Cumulative Risk Assessment of Pb, Cd, and as in TCM Decoction Based on Bioavailability through In Vitro Digestion/MDCK Cells.

In this study, the oral bioavailability of Pb, Cd, and As in three types of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) and TCM decoctions were investigated through in vitro PBET digestion/MDKC cell model. Furthermore, a novel cumulative risk assessment model associated with co-exposure of heavy metal(loid)s in TCM and TCM decoction based on bioavailability was developed using hazard index (HI) for rapid screening and target organ toxicity dose modification of the HI (TTD) method for precise assessment. The results revealed that the bioavailability of Pb, Cd, and As in three types of TCM and TCM decoction was 5.32-72.49% and 4.98-51.97%, respectively. After rapid screening of the co-exposure health risks of heavy metal(loid)s by the HI method, cumulative risk assessment results acquired by TTD method based on total metal contents in TCMs indicated that potential health risks associated with the co-exposure of Pb, Cd, and As in Pheretima aspergillum (E. Perrier) and Oldenlandia diffusa (Willd.) Roxb were of concern. However, considering both the factors of decoction and bioavailability, TTD-adjusted HI outcomes for TCMs in this study were <1, indicating acceptable health risks. Collectively, our innovation on cumulative risk assessment of TCM and TCM decoction provides a novel strategy with the main purpose of improving population health.

A review of Health Canada’s progress on human biomonitoring-based risk assessments and the path forward

Since the launch of the Chemicals Management Plan (CMP) in 2006, Health Canada has initiated screening-level risk assessments (RAs) of approximately 4300 priority substances under the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999 (CEPA). With the availability of nationally representative human biomonitoring (HBM) data, over 300 of these substances were assessed using HBM-based RA approaches. Qualitative and quantitative HBM-based RA approaches for the regulatory risk assessment of the general population of Canada were developed to increase the efficiency of screening the potential health risk of CMP priority substances. To support HBM-based RAs, several biomonitoring equivalents (BE) were derived to interpret HBM data. For some CMP substances, Health Canada conducted cumulative risk assessments of chemical mixtures using HBM data as measures of exposure. In 2023, CEPA was amended to include the assessment of populations who may be disproportionately impacted (vulnerable populations) and the cumulative effects of multiple chemicals. Going forward, Health Canada is exploring modern approaches in HBM-based RAs, including biomarkers of effect and non-traditional biomarkers (e.g., hair, nails) to address CEPA amendments. This manuscript will discuss Health Canada’s progress in HBM-based RAs, and the possible path forward in using HBM data to strengthen human health risk assessments.

A cumulative human health risk assessment of the traditional diet of Indigenous youth in Western James Bay, Canada

Environmental contaminant exposure from traditional food consumption presents a risk for Indigenous youth (i.e., children and adolescents) who live in northern Canada; however, there are few studies targeting this demographic. Essential (Co, Cr, Mn, and Se) and non-essential (As, Cd, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Sb) metals and metalloids, and fourteen polychlorinated biphenyl (PCBs) congeners in 229 tissue samples of traditionally consumed foods were analyzed (i.e., birds, fish, and large mammals) using the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme protocol. Deterministic and probabilistic Monte Carlo risk assessments were used to estimate the risk of exposure to contaminants via the consumption of traditional foods; a maximum cumulative ratio calculation (MCR) to assess the risk of a varied diet of traditional foods for metals and metalloids was also carried out. There was a probabilistic risk of exposure to Hg from the consumption of pike, sucker, and walleye for children; the MCR supported the result that the risk was due mainly to Hg. Dietary exposure to PCB congener 153 (PCB-153) was primarily due to the consumption of pike and sucker. There was also a risk of exposure to three other PCB congeners (PCB-101, -180, -187) from the consumption of sucker. Our assessment indicates a risk of exposure to Hg and certain PCBs; however, the actual risk of exposure varies with season, differences in traditional food consumption, and local levels of the toxicant. Therefore, monitoring and communicating information to affected communities on an annual basis is recommended.

Identification of potential marine protected areas based on cumulative risk assessment: case study in Balikpapan Bay, Indonesia

The effectiveness of designing Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) can support the Marine Spatial Planning (MSP) process and vice versa. However, selecting suitable sites for MPAs is challenging due to anthropogenic activities increasing the cumulative risk of ecosystems in coastal regions. This study demonstrates cumulative risk application in Balikpapan Bay, Indonesia, as an MPA site selection process example with meaningful ecological and socio-economic information. We coupled InVEST and Marxan modeling software to analyze multiple conservation scenarios. Results indicated fishing, coastal development and oil gas exploration were the greatest risk activities to the habitat and species. These results were used as a cost layer in Marxan to select protection areas. We identified 189.09 km2 areas as a high priority, with the upstream bay being the highest, decreasing downstream. The findings provide valuable input and support allocating space to a potential MPA in the MSP process to improve the management of alternative development.

The association between overuse and musculoskeletal injuries and the female athlete triad in Division I collegiate athletes.

Although the female athlete triad (Triad) has been associated with increased risk of bone-stress injuries (BSIs), limited research among collegiate athletes has addressed the associations between the Triad and non-BSI injuries. To elucidate the relationship between Triad and both BSI and non-BSI in female athletes. Retrospective cohort study. Primary and tertiary care student athlete clinic. National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I female athletes at a single institution. Participants completed a pre-participation questionnaire and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, which was used to generate a Triad cumulative risk assessment score (Triad score). The number of overuse musculoskeletal injuries that occurred while the athletes were still competing collegiately were identified through chart review. BSI and non-BSI were treated as count variables. The association between BSI, non-BSI, and Triad score was measured using Poisson regression to calculate rate ratios. Of 239 athletes, 43% of athletes (n = 103) sustained at least one injury. Of those, 40% (n = 95) sustained at least one non-BSI and 10% (n = 24) sustained at least one BSI over an average follow-up 2.5 years. After accounting for sport type (non-lean, runner, other endurance sport, or other lean advantage sport) and baseline age, we found that every additional Triad score risk point was associated with a significant 17% increase in the rate of BSI (rate ratio [RR] 1.17, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03-1.33; p = .016). However, Triad score was unrelated to non-BSI (1.00, 95% CI 0.91-1.11; p = .99). Compared with athletes in non-lean sports (n = 108), athletes in other lean advantage sports (n = 30) had an increased rate of non-BSI (RR: 2.09, p = .004) whereas distance runners (n = 46) had increased rates of BSI (RR: 7.65, p < .001) and non-BSI (RR: 2.25, p < .001). Higher Triad score is associated with an increased risk of BSI but not non-BSI in collegiate athletes.

Exposure characteristics and cumulative risk assessment of bisphenol A and its substitutes: the Taiwan environmental survey for toxicants 2013

IntroductionEver since the use of bisphenol A (BPA) has been restricted, concerns have been raised regarding the use of its substitutes, such as bisphenol S (BPS) and bisphenol F (BPF). Meanwhile, the EU European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) issued the new tolerable daily intake (TDI) after the latest re-risk assessment for BPA, which enforced the need for cumulative risk assessment in the population. This study was conducted to identify BPA and its substitute’s exposure characteristics of the general Taiwanese population and estimate the cumulative risk of bisphenol exposure.MethodsUrine samples (N = 366 [adult, 271; minor, 95]) were collected from individuals who participated in the Taiwan Environmental Survey for Toxicants 2013. The samples were analyzed for BPA, BPS, and BPF through ultraperformance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Daily intake (DI) levels were calculated for each bisphenol. Hazard quotients (HQs) were calculated with the consideration of tolerable DI and a reference dose. Additionally, hazard index (HI; sum of HQs for each bisphenol) values were calculated.ResultsOur study found that the median level of BPA was significantly higher in adults (9.63 μg/g creatinine) than in minors (6.63 μg/g creatinine) (p &amp;lt; 0.001). The DI of BPS was higher in female (0.69 ng/kg/day) than in male (0.49 ng/kg/day); however, the DIs of BPF and BPS were higher in boys (1.15 and 0.26 ng/kg/day, respectively) than in girls (0.57 and 0.20 ng/kg/day, respectively). Most HI values exceeded 1 (99% of the participants) after EFSA re-establish the TDI of BPA.DiscussionOur study revealed that the exposure profiles and risk of BPA and its substitute in Taiwanese varied by age and sex. Additionally, the exposure risk of BPA was deemed unacceptable in Taiwan according to new EFSA regulations, and food contamination could be the possible source of exposure. We suggest that the risk of exposure to BPA and its substitutes in most human biomonitoring studies should be reassessed based on new scientific evidence.

Estimated daily intake and cumulative risk assessment of organophosphate esters and associations with DNA damage among e-waste workers in Hong Kong

Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are extensively used as additives in various products, including electronic equipment, which becomes e-waste when obsolete. Nevertheless, no study has evaluated OPEs exposure levels and the related health risks among e-waste workers in Hong Kong. Therefore, 201 first-spot morning urine samples were collected from 101 e-waste workers and 100 office workers to compare eight urinary OPE metabolites (mOPEs) levels in these groups. The concentrations of six mOPEs were similar in e-waste workers and office workers, except for significantly higher levels of diphenyl phosphate (DPHP) in e-waste workers and bis(1-chloro-2propyl) phosphate (BCIPP) in office workers. Spearman correlation analysis showed that most non-chlorinated mOPEs were correlated with each other in e-waste workers (i.e., nine out of ten pairs, including di-p-cresyl phosphate (DpCP) and di-o-cresyl phosphate (DoCP), DpCP and bis(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (BBOEP), DpCP and DPHP, DpCP and dibutyl phosphate (DBP), DoCP and BBOEP, DoCP and DPHP, DoCP and DBP, BBOEP and DPHP, DPHP and DBP), indicating that handling e-waste could be the exposure source of specific OPEs. The median values of estimated daily intake (EDI) and hazard quotient (HQ) suggested that the health risks from OPEs exposures were under the recommended thresholds. However, linear regression models, Quantile g-computation, and Bayesian kernel machine regression found that urinary mOPEs elevated 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OhdG) levels individually or as a mixture, in which DPHP contributed prominently. In conclusion, although e-waste might not elevate the internal OPEs levels among the participating Hong Kong e-waste workers, attention should be paid to the potential DNA damage stimulated by OPEs under the currently recommended thresholds.

Insights into tissue accumulation, depletion, and health risk assessment of clopidol in poultry

Clopidol is extensively used in livestock farming and residues of this antibiotic can persist in animal tissues, posing a risk to humans and the environment. In this study, we investigated the depletion of clopidol in various edible tissues of chickens (muscle, liver, kidney, fat, and eggs) using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry after the administration of a clopidol-contaminated diet (at 250 mg kg−1 for the high (1x) dose). After 14 d of exposure, the clopidol concentrations were highest in eggs (median: 9.83 mg/kg), followed by liver (3.56 mg/kg), kidney (3.01 mg/kg), muscle (1.56 mg/kg), and fat (0.727 mg/kg) at low exposure group, indicating that clopidol accumulated primarily in eggs rather than the other edible tissues. In addition, the maternal transfer ratios were estimated, and the transfer efficiencies of clopidol in muscle (egg-to-tissue ratio, ETR:1.81) and fat (2.06–58.2) were higher than those in liver (0.731–31.1) and kidney (0.832–38.9). Furthermore, we conducted a cumulative risk assessment for clopidol in edible chicken tissues using the hazard quotient (HQ) method. This assessment revealed that the exposure levels for Korean consumers pose an acceptable risk. However, for eggs from the 1x dose exposure group, the HQ values were greater than 1 for all age groups, particularly for young children (<18 y), suggesting that the higher daily consumption of eggs combined with the higher clopidol residues in eggs resulted in higher HQ values, which requires further attention. The findings of this study can assist in the management and monitoring of clopidol residues in chicken tissues and eggs