Cumulative Probability Of Complete Success Research Articles

Treatment Outcomes for Juvenile Open-Angle Glaucoma in Thailand.

Juvenile open-angle glaucoma patients with thick central corneas and negative family history were more likely to undergo surgery, mainly trabeculectomy with half requiring additional surgery within 10 years. To assess the characteristics and treatment outcomes of patients with juvenile open-angle glaucoma (JOAG) in Thailand. This retrospective, multicenter study included all patients diagnosed with JOAG over 12 years from two tertiary hospitals in Bangkok, Thailand. A total of 200 eyes from 104 patients were included in this study. The mean age of onset was 24.0±10.1 years (range 5-40), with male predominance (60.5%). Over 90% of patients had bilateral JOAG and 25% had a positive family history. Negative family history (AOR=4.59, P=0.02) and thick central corneal thickness (CCT) were surgical predictors (every 10 micron AOR=1.29, P=0.01). Over 70% of cases needed glaucoma surgery. Trabeculectomy with Mitomycin-C was performed on 131 eyes (65.5%) with a cumulative probability of complete success of 71.0%, 57.8%, 39.2%, and 26.9% and qualified success of 86.3%, 73.6%, 64.8%, and 45.7% at 1, 3, 5, and 10 years, respectively. Mean follow-up after surgery was 94.9 ± 69.8 months (range 13-153). There were no serious post-operative complications. Myopia and number of baseline glaucoma medications were significantly associated with surgical failure. Trabeculectomy with Mitomycin C was the most common primary surgery performed in Thai patients with JOAG, and successfully reduced intraocular pressure without significant complications. Patients with thicker corneas were more likely to undergo surgery. By 10 years, half of the patients required additional surgery and risk factors for failure included myopia and the number of medications.

Efficacy and Safety of Gonioscopy-Assisted Transluminal Trabeculotomy for Primary Congenital Glaucoma.

Gonioscopy-assisted transluminal trabeculotomy (GATT) provided effective intraocular pressure (IOP) control in primary congenital glaucoma (PCG). Also, approximately two third of patients did not need antiglaucoma medication at an average follow-up of 1 year after surgery. The purpose of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of GATT surgery in eyes with PCG. This study is a retrospective review of patients who underwent GATT surgery for PCG. Outcome measures were changes in IOP and number of medications at all time points (1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, and 36mo after surgery), and success rates. Success was defined as IOP<21mmHg with at least a 30% reduction from the baseline, complete if without medications, or qualified if with or without medications. Cumulative success probabilities were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier survival analyses. Twenty-two eyes of 14 patients diagnosed with PCG were enrolled in this study. The mean IOP reduction was 13.1mmHg (57.7%) with a mean decrease of 2 glaucoma medications at the final follow-up. All mean IOP readings during postoperative follow-up were significantly lower than baseline ( P <0.05 for all). Cumulative probability of qualified success was 95.5% and the cumulative probability of complete success was 66.7%. GATT was safe and successfully lowered IOP in patients with PCG with the advantage of avoiding conjunctival and scleral incisions.

Long-term outcome of supraciliary gold micro shunt in refractory glaucoma.

PurposeTo evaluate the 10‐year follow‐up efficacy and safety of gold micro shunt (GMS) in patients with refractory glaucoma, and the potential risk factors for failure.MethodsRetrospective data analyses based on medical records from 55 patients who underwent GMS implant for refractory glaucoma between March 2007 and April 2008. The primary outcome measure was the cumulative probability of success defined as intraocular pressure (IOP) below 21 mmHg together with a 33% lowering of the baseline IOP with (qualified) or without (complete) topical medications, no reoperation for glaucoma or loss of light perception.ResultsMean IOP 10 years after the GMS implantation was 21.6 ± 5.1 mmHg with 2.7 ± 0.7 drugs. Qualified success was achieved in 8/55 patients (14.5%) with a mean of 2.9 ± 0.8 drugs at 5 years and in 2/55 patients (3.6%) with a mean of 2.7 ± 1.0 drugs at 10 years. None of the patients reached complete success at five years from surgery. The cumulative probability of complete success was 14%, 9% and 0% at 1, 2 and 5 years, respectively, and 72%, 67%, 36% and 3.6% at 1, 2, 5 and 10 years, respectively, for qualified success criterion. Baseline IOP for complete success, number of baseline medication for qualified success and age at the time of GMS implantation for both criteria were risk factors significantly associated with failure.ConclusionA very low long‐term survival rate of GMS in refractory glaucoma was found. Most patients did not reach the IOP success criteria of the study, even with the re‐introduction of medications, leading to the need for further surgical procedures.

Safety and Efficacy of Diode Laser Transscleral Cyclophotocoagulation in Eyes With Good Visual Acuity.

The main aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of diode laser transscleral cyclophotocoagulation (TSCPC) in eyes with good visual acuity. A retrospective chart review identified patients who underwent TSCPC for uncontrolled intraocular pressure (IOP) from 2014 to 2016. Enrollment criteria included pretreatment best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of 20 of 40 or better, and a minimum of 6 months of postoperative follow-up. Thirty-three eyes of 33 patients(mean age, 72.1±16.0 y) were enrolled (mean follow-up 12.6±6.1 mo). The mean (SD) IOP was reduced 48.3% from 27.1 mm Hg (7.8) at baseline to 13.1 mm Hg (4.2) at last follow-up. Reduction of ≥1 glaucoma medications was achieved in 17 eyes (51.5%) at last follow-up. The cumulative probability of complete success (BCVA loss <2 Snelling lines, 20% reduction IOP, no reoperation for glaucoma, no IOP<5 mm Hg) was 78.8% and 50% at months 6 and 12, respectively. The cumulative probability of qualified success (BCVA≥2 lines with ≥20% reduction IOP, no reoperation for glaucoma, no IOP<5 mm Hg) was 90.1% and 81.3% at month 6 and 1 year, respectively. Significant vision loss, defined as BCVA≥2 lines, occurred in 33% of patients. The most common complications were postoperative iritic (56.3%) and cystoid macular edema (12.5%). TSCPC demonstrates a strong reduction in IOP and glaucoma medication use. However, with significant vision loss in 33% of patients, future prospective studies with a comparison group receiving traditional glaucoma surgery are needed to determine comparative safety and efficacy.

Assessment of conditions affecting surgical success of Ahmed glaucoma valve implants in glaucoma secondary to different uveitis etiologies in adults.

PurposeThere is little known about the long-term efficacy and safety of Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) implant and about the conditions affecting surgical success in uveitic glaucoma (UG).Patients and methodsThe charts of adult patients with UG who underwent AGV implantation from 2006 to 2015 were reviewed retrospectively.ResultsData of 46 eyes of 39 patients were evaluated. Mean follow-up was 51.93±23.08 months. Mean preoperative IOP was 37.05±9.62 mm Hg and mean number of preoperative topical anti-glaucomatous medications was 2.98±0.27. One eye (2%) was defined as failure because of implant extraction surgery. In the rest of the eyes, intraocular pressure (IOP) was under control with or without anti-glaucomatous medications during follow-up. The cumulative probability of complete success (IOP control without medications) was 78% at 6 months, 76% at 1 year, 71% at 2 years, 66% at 3 years, and 63% at 4 years (95% confidence interval, 61.24-87.81). The cumulative probability of eyes without complication was 64% at 6 months, 48% at 12 months, 44% at 24 months, 41% at 36 months, and 38% at 48 months (95% confidence interval, 34.64-62.85). Complete success was lower in eyes with previous ocular surgery than the eyes without (P=0.061) and it was lower in eyes with active inflammation at the time of surgery than the eyes without (P=0.011).ConclusionAGV implantation is an effective and safe alternative method in the management of UG, especially when it is performed as a primary surgical option and when no inflammation is present preoperatively.

Short- to long-term results of Ahmed glaucoma valve in the management of elevated intraocular pressure in patients with pediatric uveitis

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term outcome of Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) implant for elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) in pediatric patients with uveitis. DesignThis was a retrospective chart review. ParticipantsThe study included 16 eyes (11 children) with uveitis. MethodsSuccess was defined as having IOP between 6 and 21 mm Hg with (qualified success) or without (complete success) antiglaucoma medications and without the need for further glaucoma or tube extraction surgery. ResultsMean age of patients at the time of AGV implantation was 14.19 ± 3.25 years. AGV implantation was the first glaucoma surgical procedure in 12 eyes (75%). Average postoperative follow-up period was 64.46 ± 33.56 months. Mean preoperative IOP was 33.50 ± 7.30 mm Hg versus 12.69 ± 3.20 mm Hg at the last follow-up visit (p < 0.001). Three eyes (18.7%) were determined as cases of “failure” because of tube removal in 2 eyes and a second AGV implantation in 1 eye. The cumulative probability of complete success was 68.8% at 6 months, 56.3% at 12 months, 49.2% at 36 months, 42.2% at 48 months, and 35.2% at 84 months, and the cumulative probability of eyes without complication was 75.0% at 6 months, 66.7% at 24 months, 58.3% at 36 months, 48.6% at 48 months and 24.3% at 108 months based on Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. ConclusionsAlthough AGV implant is an effective choice in the management of elevated IOP in pediatric uveitis, antiglaucoma medications are frequently needed for control of IOP. Tube exposure is an important complication in the long term. Differential diagnosis between relapse of uveitis and endophthalmitis is important in patients who received AGV implantation.

Short-term to Long-term Results of Ahmed Glaucoma Valve Implantation for Uveitic Glaucoma Secondary to Behçet Disease.

To evaluate short-term to long-term outcomes of Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) implantation in the management of uveitic glaucoma (UG) secondary to Behçet disease (BD). A retrospective chart review of 47 eyes of 35 patients with UG secondary to BD who underwent AGV implantation was conducted. Success was defined as having an intraocular pressure (IOP) between 6 and 21 mm Hg with (qualified success) or without (complete success) antiglaucomatous medications and without need for further glaucoma surgery. Mean postoperative follow-up was 57.72±26.13 months. Mean preoperative IOP was 35.40±8.33 mm Hg versus 12.28±2.90 mm Hg at the last follow-up visit (P<0.001). Mean number of preoperative topical antiglaucomatous medications was 2.96±0.29 versus 0.68±1.12 at the last follow-up visit (P<0.001). In all eyes, IOP could be maintained between 6 and 21 mm Hg with or without antiglaucomatous medications during follow-up. The cumulative probability of complete success was 46.8% at 6 months, 40.4% at 12 months, and 35.9% at 36 months, and the cumulative probability of eyes without complication was 53.2% at 6 months, 46.5% at 12 months, and 39.6% at 24 months postoperatively based on Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. No persistent or irreparable complications were observed. This study includes one of the largest series of AGV implantation in the management of UG with the longest follow-up reported. AGV implantation can be considered as a primary surgical option in the management of UG secondary to BD with 100% total success rate (with or without medications).

Subconjunctival bevacizumab to augment trabeculectomy with mitomycin C in the management of failed glaucoma surgery.

PurposeTo provide a feasible solution to the problem of failed glaucoma surgery. The aim was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the additional effects of a combined surgical approach. This approach augments the application of trabeculectomy with mitomycin C (MMC) by adding subconjunctival bevacizumab injection. The results were compared with those of trabeculectomy with only adjunctive MMC.MethodsA randomized controlled prospective clinical trial included 28 eyes diagnosed with failed scarred bleb of a previous trabeculectomy. The eyes were divided into two equal groups: combined group A, “trabeculectomy with adjunctive MMC and subconjunctival bevacizumab,” and control group B, “trabeculectomy with adjunctive MMC only.” The main outcome results included the cumulative probability of surgical success, intraocular pressure (IOP) values, and number of IOP-lowering medications needed to achieve the target IOP.ResultsGroup A achieved a cumulative probability of complete success of 0.769 and of qualified success of 0.231 at the end of the 24 month study period; group B achieved cumulative probabilities of 0.538 and 0.308, respectively. Group A achieved a lower mean IOP value than group B, with fewer antiglaucoma drugs at all postoperative visits, but this lower value did not reach a statistically significant level (P>0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between both groups regarding best corrected visual acuity, visual field parameters, operative and/or postoperative complications, and additional interventions. No significant adverse effects were caused by this combined approach.ConclusionBevacizumab was not found to add much to the favorable long-term outcome of conventional trabeculectomy with MMC as a solution to the problem of scarred failed bleb.

Modified trabeculectomy with an extended subscleral tunnel: could it be a secure way toward successful glaucoma surgery?

Purpose The aim of this study was to describe a modified surgical technique of an extended subscleral tunnel (ESST) with adjunctive application of mitomycin-C (MMC) and to evaluate its safety and efficacy in long-term intraocular pressure (IOP) control in glaucoma patients. Patients and methods This was a randomized-controlled prospective clinical trial that included 54 eyes of 46 patients diagnosed with primary open-angle glaucoma. They were divided into two equal groups: the 'trabeculectomy with adjunctive MMC' treatment, group A, and the 'modified trabeculectomy with adjunctive MMC and ESST' treatment, group B. Ultrasonic biomicroscopy measurement of the aqueous drainage route was performed at 12 and 24 months postoperatively. The main outcome results included the cumulative probability of surgical success, IOP values, and the number of antiglaucoma drugs needed. Results Group B achieved a cumulative probability of complete success of 0.68 and qualified success of 0.96 at the end of the 24-month study period; however, group A achieved a cumulative probability of complete success of 0.44 and qualified success of 0.84. Group B succeeded in achieving lower mean IOP values than group A, with fewer antiglaucoma drugs at all postoperative visits, but this was not statistically significant ( P > 0.05). The aqueous drainage route was always larger in group B and there was a statistically significant decrease in its size only in group A ( P = 0.036). Group B achieved statistically significant fewer early and late postoperative complications and also required fewer additional interventions compared with group A ( P = 0.029). No significant adverse effects were caused by this modified combined technique. Conclusion Modified trabeculectomy with ESST combined with adjunctive MMC could be an efficient, safe, familiar, and applicable treatment technique for a successful trabeculectomy. It may provide a favorable long-term outcome, representing a simple novel way of performing successful glaucoma surgery.

Comparative study between trabeculectomy with photodynamic therapy (BCECF-AM) and trabeculectomy with antimetabolite (MMC) in the treatment of primary open angle glaucoma

BackgroundVarious methods have been investigated to avoid postoperative scarring of the filtering bleb in modern glaucoma surgery. Most deal with the application of antimetabolic drugs such as mitomycin C (MMC). 2′,7′-bis-(2-carboxyethyl)-5-(and-6)-carboxyfluorescein, acetoxymethyl ester (BCECF-AM) is a locally acting intracellular photosensitizer which could control and decrease postoperative fibrosis at the trabeculectomy site.PurposeTo compare the effect of photodynamic therapy in combination with trabeculectomy to the effect of MMC combined with the same procedure in controlling postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with medically uncontrolled primary open angle glaucoma (1ry OAG).MethodsA randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on 76 eyes of 76 patients divided into three groups undergoing trabeculectomy, trabeculectomy with BCECF-AM (group A), trabeculectomy with MMC (group B), and trabeculectomy only as a control group (group C). Patients were reviewed postoperatively for clinical evaluation and photo documentation of the blebs with a fundus camera and ultrasonic biomicroscopy (UBM). The desirable effect of the adjunctive material was evaluated according to the clinical efficacy, tolerability, and safety by comparison with the control group.SettingBenha University Hospital, Benha, Egypt.ResultsAfter a mean follow-up of 24 months, all procedures succeeded in lowering IOP. The cumulative probability of complete success at the 24 month follow-up was 91% for group B, compared to 82% and 81.5% for group A and group C, respectively. The percentage of complete success was highest for group B, second highest for group A, and lowest for group C over the follow-up period; however, these differences were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Regarding the bleb morphology and UBM reflectivity, the differences were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The mean bleb height and breadth were larger in groups A and B in comparison to group C over the study period. The mean aqueous drainage route was similar in groups A and C, but less than in group B at 3 and 12 months postoperatively. Complications were generally mild and less marked in group A and C than group B.ConclusionCellular photoablation using BCECF-AM seems to be a feasible new method to use in combination with glaucoma filtration surgery. Although MMC might be considered a more potent adjunctive to trabeculectomy in promoting IOP reduction, photodynamic therapy carries relatively less risk of adverse effects and complications. Cellular photoablation using BCECF-AM could be considered efficient, tolerable and relatively safer in managing patients with 1ry OAG. Further studies are necessary to determine the safety and the reliability of this therapy.

Outcome of cataract extraction and posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation following glaucoma filtration surgery

To evaluate the outcome of cataract extraction (CE) after glaucoma filtering surgery (GFS). A total of 77 eyes (77 patients) who underwent CE with posterior chamber intraocular lens (PCIOL) implantation following GFS by a single surgeon were reviewed. Main outcome measures were preoperative and postoperative intraocular pressures (IOPs), visual acuities, medications, astigmatism, bleb survival, time of surgical failure, complications, and success rate. Mean time interval between GFS and CE was 46.8+/-50.9 months (range, 2-348 months). The mean preoperative IOP was 13.9+/-4.7 mmHg (range 3-27 mmHg) and mean postoperative IOP at 3 weeks was 13.6+/-5.5 mmHg (range, 6-44 mmHg). The mean follow-up was 19.5+/-20.1 months (range, 1.4-73 months; median 10.6 months). Complete success was achieved in 59 eyes (76.7%). The cumulative probability of complete success was 91.3+/-3.7, 82.0+/-5.6 and 78.1+/-6.5% at the end of 6 months, 1, and 2 years, respectively. Visual acuity before CE was < or =20/50 in all eyes (100%). Visual acuity at last visit was > or =20/40 in 33 eyes (42.8 %), 20/50-20/80 in 30 eyes (39.0%), < or =20/100 in 14 eyes (18.2%). Risk factors identified for qualified success included age at CE>60 years, interval of < or =5 months between GFS and CE, use of preoperative glaucoma medications, and postoperative IOP >19 mmHg within 2 weeks. IOP and bleb function was maintained after CE with PCIOL implantation following successful GFS with good visual recovery.

Sclérectomie profonde non perforante au Brésil: Étude rétrospective sur trois ans

Nonpenetrating deep sclerectomy with external trabeculectomy has been proved to be an effective alternative to classic trabeculectomy for surgical treatment of primary open-angle glaucoma. However, this procedure is not well known nor well accepted among Brazilian ophthalmic surgeons. The aim of this study was to assess the results and success rate of this new filtering surgical procedure in a Brazilian population, with a 3-year follow-up.One-hundred eleven primary open-angle glaucoma patients underwent deep sclerectomy with external trabeculectomy between 1999 and 2002 (the surgery was performed by two different surgeons using the same procedure). The antimetabolite mitomycin C (0.2 mg/ml) was applied intraoperatively in 80 patients with high surgical risk of failure (80 patients under 45 years of age, black, and having had previous ocular surgery). The postoperative follow-up included assessment of visual acuity, measure of intraocular pressure (IOP), evaluation of the filtration site and optic nerve head using biomicroscopy, and analysis of visual field deficits. Complete success was defined as IOP less than 18 mmHg without medical treatment, while relative success was defined as IOP less than 18 mmHg with medical treatment.The mean age was 63.7 +/- 13.1 years and 42.3% of patients were black. Mean follow-up was 19.4 months (+/- 11.7). The mean preoperative intraocular pressure was 22.57 +/- 4.92 mmHg, while mean IOP at the last follow-up visit was 14.22 +/- 2.89 mmHg, so that at the end of the follow-up, complete success was 82.7% and relative success was 93.3%. The cumulative probability of complete success was 76% at 3 years. The complication rate was low: intraoperative microperforations (14.4%), conjunctival seidel (12.5%), hyphema (3.8%), flat anterior chamber (2.9%), choroidal detachment (1%), and filtering bleb fibrosis (17.3%).These results demonstrate that deep nonpenetrating sclerectomy with external trabeculectomy is a safe and efficient filtering procedure that provides satisfactory IOP control with a minimal rate of complications, even in patients with high surgical risk of failure such as the highly mixed Brazilian population. The results suggest that this revolutionary procedure could be used as first-intention treatment in Brazilian glaucomatous patients that do not have access to expensive medical treatment.