Culture Of Turkic Peoples Research Articles

GEOPOLITICS ISSUES IN THE EARLY MIDDLE AGES (ON THE BASES DATA OF OLD TURKIC WRITTEN MONUMENTS)

Monuments of ancient Turkic writing contain valuable data for studying the history and culture of Turkic peoples during the existence of the Kaghanates. Despite the sufficient knowledge of these sources by predecessors, the modern researcher identifies interesting data that contribute to the disclosure of certain aspects of traditional culture. These are spatial perception, worldview, and the idea of the geographical localization of Turkic peoples and neighboring peoples. The content of the stone steles shows that they were erected to serve as a reminder of the history of conquest campaigns, the policy of building the state. Brief characteristics of neighboring peoples do not lose their relevance for modern reality. Political relations, formed in the early Middle Ages, act as a guideline for establishing relations between peoples in the modern period. Within the framework of the article, ancient Turkic chronotopes, the prevalence of Turkic geographical names in the territory of present-day Central Asia as a consequence of military campaigns carried out by the rulers of the first and second Turkic Kaghanates were considered. Attracting data of studied sources to the research circle will reveal many aspects of not only history and culture, but also issues of geopolitics. The appeal to the Turkic people of Kaghan, carved on the stone is still relevant today. They are a reminder of the policies of neighboring countries. The author of the article concludes that the historical path traveled by the ancestors serves as a guideline for creating relationship with neighboring countries, to better understand their attitude towards other peoples. Of important importance is the call in the ancient Turkic written monuments to the unity of the Turkic peoples, which served as the key to the stable development of the country, the growth of power.

The image of Asan Kaigy in the culture of Turkic peoples

For several centuries, the image of Asan Kaigy has been a spiritual heritage and an integral part of the ethnic mentality of Kazakhs, Nogais, Kyrgyz, Karakalpaks, Bashkirs. Asan Kaigy as a representative of the common Turkic history and culture is perceived, on the one hand, as a historical person (epic poet, thinker), and on the other hand, as a folkloric hero (sometimes even mythologized). Over the course of a century and a half, numerous empirical materials have been accumulated and published, and many scientific studies on the poet have been carried out. Despite this, some questions of the image of the folk sage remain open and require further comprehensive study.This article attempts to summarize and systematically analyze the key concepts about Asan Kaigy set forth in various publications of Kazakh, Kyrgyz, Nogai, Karakalpak, Bashkir, Russian researchers. Moreover, textual sources are also analyzed, in which multifaceted facets of the image of a folk sage are reflected. The article also sets out the position of the author himself on municipal issues of researching the image of Asan Kaigy.

Влияние земледелия на систему питания в Предбайкалье во II половине ХIХ – I половине ХХ вв. (на примере аларских бурят)

Introduction. The traditional food system of Biakalia’s residents still remains understudied. The available works primarily focus on dairy and meat products, and almost ignore the plant food system, which is due to the fact the agricultural traditions of Baikalia’s native populations that had attained quite a high level of agronomy in ancient times – have not been explored. The traditions basically concentrated in a relatively small area occupied by present-day Alarsky District of Ust-Orda Buryat Okrug (Irkutsk Oblast) and former Balagansky Uyezd of Irkutsk Governorate. Historical Background. Since ancient times the Alar Valley served as the main breadbasket of the region. Being the leading grain producer in the whole region, it retains this position even nowadays. During the period in question, in the 19th and 20th centuries, agriculture was already the key sector of economy. This had been determined by the early sedentarization of the Alar Buryats resulting from beneficial geographical conditions, as well as somewhat genetic skills. So, the factor determined the food system of Buryats in that area. Goals. Taking into account the available ethnographic research and comparative data on the material culture of Turkic peoples, as well as own field data, the article seeks to explore the unique Alar Buryat cuisine and examines the grain-based nutritional system which includes most common cereals. It also describes the crops cultivation and cooking technologies, and analyzes the terminology. Results. The study reveals a previously unknown number of autochthonous specific features containing certain Turkic elements, such as similarity of many Buryat dishes, their names and cooking methods, tools and stoves characteristic to Turkic material culture. The article presents quite reasonable assumptions which prove somewhat close interaction between aboriginal peoples at an early stage of ethnic development, and also points out the large influence of Russian agronomic culture that brought new technologies and plant cultures, especially potatoes, thus significantly enriching nutritional ration. Some elements of spiritual culture also indicate the important role of cereals in life of the Alar Buryats. The study also concludes that the Alar Buryats had developed a food system where baked goods, meat and dairy constituted equal proportions. That was a major difference from food systems of other Mongolic peoples where meat and dairy prevailed. In general, this demonstrates that the ethnic group has high adaptive capacity, an ability to manage and efficiently interact with the changing external environment. The previously unknown terms and elements of Alar Buryat material culture are valuable enough for science.

О диалектизмах неисконного происхождения в донских говорах

Flyagina M.V. (Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia) This article analyzes the locally limited vocabulary of authentic origin represented in the dictionary of Don dialects. The emergence of vocabulary authentic origin in the dialect language is the result of cultural and language contacts, which are an integral part of any ethnic culture. Particularly notable was the impact of the Turkic language, related to the pre-Russian indigenous population neighborhoods of Wild Field. Authentic locally marked lexical units reflect the particular social, commodity-money relations, religious beliefs inherent in the culture of Turkic peoples, whose names were borrowed from Russian. Besides Turkisms in the lexicon of the Don dialect, there are also borrowings from other languages - Finno-Ugric, Slavic. Turkisms take the bulk of borrowed words, due to the territorial proximity to the earliest periods of the Don Cossacks. Regional origin covers the entire scope of domestic relations on Don, found among the names of the natural world. Research of dialect vocabulary of authentic origin lets to determine the specifics of formation of Don resettlement negotiations, which took place in a dialogue between different ethnic cultures. Key words : vocabulary neiskonnogo origin, cultural and linguistic contacts, resettlement says proper lexical regionalisms. DOI: 10.18522/1995-0640-2015-4-160-167