Culture In Portugal Research Articles

Football and Fascism: The Politics of Popular Culture in Portugal

Football and Fascism: The Politics of Popular Culture in Portugal

LIFANA - toward developing a meal recommender system as a dietary support app for the elderly.

Background: Though a variety of eHealth/mHealth dietary solutions exist, many are ill-adapted to the target population and local eating habits. A specific need exists for the elderly, a growing vulnerable population with limited digital literacy. The LIFANA project aimed at developing a mobile nutrition solution, i.e. a dietary meal-recommender app for personalized meal planning useful for the elderly. Methods: In addition to considering age, gender, and physical activity, the app assured sufficient intake of calories and proteins. The solution was optimized to consider local eating culture in Portugal (PT)/The Netherlands (NL) where it was tested. Recipes (>300) were included and aligned with national food composition dietary databases (FCDBs) to analyse their nutritional values for meal planning. Individual dietary preferences, food restrictions (i.e., allergies), and budget considerations were included in the user profile. The development process involved user integration, including focus groups and usability evaluations, followed by longer field trials in Portugal (n=53 participants, age 60-81y, 14 months) and the Netherlands (n=107, age 52-86y, 3 months). Endpoints regarding acceptance/usage frequency, anthropometric measures and (in PT) blood pressure and body fat were collected. Results: 23/34 elderly finalized the trials in PT/NL. No significant changes in anthropometry or other assessed markers, including blood pressure, were observed. 9% (NL) and 47% (PT) of users reported that they would consider using the solution if it were on the market. Conclusions: Via an iterative adaptive process, a dietary app was developed and improved that demonstrated acceptance/user-friendliness comparable to other tools available on the market and allowed - despite the COVID crisis - for stable anthropometric markers and blood pressure. However, it was also observed that additional features, such as a link to an online shopping app, and closer personal follow-up was associated with increased usability and acceptance of the solution and thus further personalization and nudges are warranted to increase employment of such dietary apps.

African Presence in Portugal: People and Things Within Material, Social, and Power Relations

ABSTRACT The first reference to the presence of sub-Saharan Africans in Portugal was made in 1444 CE when several enslaved individuals entered the country through Lagos, Portugal. From that moment onward the amount of people and things arriving to the country originating in sub-Saharan Africa increased. Burials, ivories, and pottery provide evidence of the cultural contacts between Europeans and Africans in Portugal. This article analyzes the available information about the presence of African populations and material culture in Portugal, their cultural significance, and roles in the context of social networks in the fifteenth through nineteenth centuries. These subjects entail debates about the impact of different agents in the construction of identities and their impacts in establishing and maintaining cultural relations.

Facets of love in renaissance culture

Starting from a qualitative methodology with a documental base, the concept of love is revisited in a cut that intends to highlight its various representations in Renaissance culture: inherited from classical culture, the reception of the concept of love goes from its mythology to its expression in Platonic philosophy. The theme of love finds a fertile narrative in the Renaissance, present in the poetry of Dante, Petrarch, and Colonna, which will greatly influence the visual arts. This trend finds significant echoes in Portugal; authors such as Leão Hebreu and Camões demonstrate this. It is a theme that will manifest itself at the level of the broader culture of the time, such as, for example, the Renaissance court culture, evident in Castiglione's aspirations for a perfecto cortesano, reaching increasingly erudite and mystical expressions with the philosophical visions of Ficino and Leão Hebreu, where the Cosmogony is seen as a gesture of divine love. Thus, through a key concept of the Renaissance and guided by a comparative perspective, this paper aims to bring to the fore some of the Italian sources and influences on classicist artistic culture in Portugal.

A self-conscious architectural historiography: notes from (post)modern Portugal

This article examines the process by which the history of modern architecture in Portugal has crystallised into an easy-to-digest narrative: a linear, action-reaction plot in which a purportedly feeble modernism in the 1920s was succeeded by a conservative, politically driven anti-modern backlash in the following decade, and finally returned as a superficial and alienating postwar anachronism. The article suggests that architectural culture in Portugal in fact requires this narrative to celebrate its subsequent step, the reinvention and redemption of modernism by exponents such as Fernando Távora and Álvaro Siza Vieira, whose work was later brought to global recognition under the mantle of critical regionalism. The foundations of this origin story can be traced to the influential work of pioneer architecture critic Nuno Portas in the 1970s, which was thereafter perpetuated in historiography both at home and abroad. Nurtured by Portuguese architectural culture, the narrative of a thwarted modernism underpinned more recent arguments against postmodernism, clearing the ground for a neo-modernist (re)turn that still prevails today. The trope of an officially resisted modernism, a trauma in Portuguese architects’ collective conscience, was eventually instrumental in confining Portuguese works and designers to western historiographical categories, thereby flattening instances of variation and diversity that escape such neat plots.

Conhecendo os Acervos de Ciência e Tecnologia na Rede Portuguesa de Museus

Dentro da vasta categoria do Patrimônio Cultural de Ciência e Tecnologia (PCC&T), os objetos de C&T merecem uma atenção especial neste artigo e, mais especificamente, as coleções que vêm sendo estudadas a partir do levantamento realizado pelo projeto "Patrimônio Cultural Luso-brasileiro de Ciência e Tecnologia: pesquisa, análise e acessibilidade", iniciativa do Museu de Astronomia e Ciências Afins (MAST). O objetivo principal deste estudo do PCC&T existente no Brasil e em Portugal é estabelecer análises comparativas relativas aos critérios utilizados em levantamentos nacionais do gênero; à s tipologias similares de patrimônio e aos critérios de seleção. O recorte que define o universo pesquisado inclui todos os objetos produzidos até o final de 1960, vinculados à s ciências exatas, da Terra e à s engenharias. A metodologia adotada consiste na busca e análise de fontes secundárias e no contato virtual e por telefone com as instituições, para obter os dados de interesse. Uma vez coletadas, são cruzadas as informações, preenchidas as fichas de registro e são elaboradas análises para produção de conhecimento. O exame de cerca de 950 instituições portuguesas que mostraram indícios de acolher objetos de C&T dentro do recorte estabelecido, possibilitou que a pesquisa fizesse a seleção de 106 as quais permitiram a geração das fichas de registro relativas à s suas coleções, sendo que 56 referentes a museus. Até então, os dados extensivos indicavam um total aproximado de 65 mil itens de PCC&T em salvaguarda em instituições lusitanas. Esta abordagem do que pode atualmente constituir, em parte, estes vestígios da cultura científica material em Portugal também pretende tangenciar aspectos da musealização dos acervos sob tutela direta de catorze museus membros da Rede Portuguesa de Museus (RPM). A partir dos resultados obtidos no projeto científico, coloca-se a questão da necessidade da produção de inventários dos itens dos acervos e a disponibilização de dados concernentes em bases de dados localizadas na internet, visando o público em geral.

Building a CPTED research culture in Portugal: a bibliometric and social network analysis

Although CPTED is recognized as an important crime deterrent for some decades, there are countries where it is still in its infancy, and knowledge and dissemination are scarce. Portugal is such an example. Only in the last decade has research specifically focused on CPTED, with little convergence between the different spheres of knowledge production, such as the academia, the police or the administration. In this paper, we argue that to build a CPTED culture, these spheres need to converge. Using the Portuguese CPTED experience as a case study, we apply methodologies of social network analysis to explore the relationships between different actors and the research time-line. Through a bibliographical analysis, we further delve on the authors and theories that most influenced Portuguese CPTED. This dual approach allows introducing the little known Portuguese CPTED experience to the international community, as well as discussing how the mechanisms of knowledge production integrate towards a more cohesive implementation.

Democracy and Intelligence Culture in Portugal (1974-2019): A Complex Relationship

ABSTRACT This article addresses intelligence in the aftermath of the Portuguese so-called Carnation Revolution of 1974, which would end up in the birth of a new democratic state in April 1976. It maps all the legal transformations of intelligence in democratic Portugal and analyses the main ones, putting into evidence its historical evolution, organization, and democratic control, arguing that there are three critical moments. The birth of civilian intelligence only in 1984, the 2004 reform that led to a modern and effective intelligence system, and the recent attempts to access to metadata in 2017, which show that the authoritarian legacy of PIDE-DGS is finally fading away among the political decision-makers. The double legacy of the authoritarian regime and the revolutionary process of transition to democracy influenced until very recently the Portuguese intelligence culture, being its democratic structure, a political outcome conducted by the politics of memory.

Translating French literary and theatrical culture in Portugal. Effects of cultural consecration

Déterminer la façon dont la culture réceptrice s’autoproclame ou se positionne devant une culture en particulier, c’est tout l’enjeu de notre démarche qui se propose d’aborder les controverses et les enjeux liés à ce que l’on pourrait appeler un impérialisme de la traduction littéraire et théâtrale de modèles français sur le champ culturel portugais au XIXe siècle. Il s’agit ici de questionner certaines pratiques de consécration de l’auteur traduit et du traducteur afin de mesurer les effets des activités de traductologie et ceux des transferts culturels sur l’évolution des relations interculturelles luso-françaises. Par cette démarche, nous verrons apparaître le rôle essentiel joué par la pratique de la traduction dans la construction même de l’identité nationale et de la rénovation de la culture au Portugal.

Introduction

Introduction

Traditional earthquake resistant techniques for vernacular architecture and local seismic cultures: A literature review

Specific architectural elements can be identified in constructions located in regions frequently exposed to earthquakes. These earthquake resistant features were developed empirically by local communities to protect their built-up environment. Research in these traditional earthquake resistant practices, resulting from a local seismic culture, is a relevant and positive approach, since it focuses on the strengths of a system rather than on its weaknesses. Its integration into current vernacular building practices can help to preserve and retrofit surviving in-use examples without prejudice to their identity. This paper presents an overview of the most common techniques traditionally used around the world, based on literature review. Additionally, it identifies the use of these techniques in the Portuguese vernacular heritage in order to contribute for the awareness and strength of the local seismic culture in Portugal.

Valores societais em Portugal: replicação do projeto GLOBE 17 anos depois e implicação para a gestão de recursos humanos

This paper aims to describe the societal culture in Portugal in terms of practices and values. We tried to answer the following research questions: How are cultural practices and values characterized in Portugal? What is the evolution of the Portuguese cultural profile since the first application of the GLOBE project (1996) to the present? The results can be useful to investigate the influence of societal culture on organizational culture and human resource management practices in the country. The social practices, norms and values at the macro-level affect the way people behave in social and organizational life, as well as the various organizational processes (Zhao et al., 2011; Zhaidman and Brock, 2009 Zhao et al., 2004) . A number of studies have shown that human resource management practices differ from country to country reflecting the values of the national culture in which they are inserted (eg Alas et al., 2008, Aycan 2005, Stone et al., 2007) . In the collection of data, the societal culture scale developed by GLOBE (House et al., 2004) was used to measure cultural values (how things should be) and cultural practices (how things are). The application was made using a questionnaire to which 353 participants responded. As in the other studies that used the GLOBE model, differences were found between what the participants believe to be the norms that should be applied and those that correspond to the current behaviors present in society. In Portugal, the highest values are assertiveness, gender equality and distance from power, while the lowest are the orientation to human performance and orientation. Practices with the highest levels are human orientation, performance orientation, avoidance of uncertainty, and assertiveness. At lower levels, distance to power and endogrupal collectivism arise. Comparing with the results of GLOBE (1996) it is verified that at the level of the values, all the dimensions present at present lower levels except the distance to the power and the assertiveness. As for practices, there are significant decreases in distance to power and in endogrupal collectivism. Knowledge of cultural values and practices has the potential to contribute to promoting the adequacy of human resources management in order to positively influence the well-being of workers and the effectiveness of organizations.

VI. Enlightened Absolutism and legal culture in Portugal: Rise and decline of legal Pombalism in the 18th century (1769–1789)

Abstract In the mid-18th century, in the context of a growing monarchical activism during Pombal’s government, Portugal went through a period of reforms that pushed to deep changes in the national legal culture. The legal reforms encompassed three complementary phases: the reform of the legal sources system, performed by the so-called ‘Law of Good Reason’, the reform of legal education, and the reformulation of the set of fatherland laws. The purpose of these changes was to place the royal fatherland laws at the center of Portuguese legal science by promoting its application and theoretical elaboration, and marginalize Roman law. The reforms did not achieve everything they set out for, but left an indelible mark on Portuguese legal culture.

‘In the old days, there were no gays’ – democracy, social change and media representation of sexual diversity

Abstract The notion of ‘gay’ has been interpreted by popular culture in Portugal to stem from a liberalization of individual practices and beliefs in the realm of sexual culture in general. As such, sexual orientation is commonly conflated with a cultural trend linked to modernity, in opposition to recognizing it as a constitutive element of sexual citizenship and the related set of rights it entails. This often unnoticed conflation obliterates significant socio-historical changes and the role played by an array of institutions and agents that contributed to those changes. In this article, the political and social history of homosexuality throughout the twentieth century will be the departure point to examine issues of impact and change in relation to the cultural representation of lesbians and gay men in the public sphere. Media reports of LGBT events throughout the 1990s and early 2000s will be considered a key indicator of cultural representation of sexual diversity. From criminalization to same-sex marriage, the article critically interrogates the extent to which formal change has translated into more inclusive notions of sexual justice regardless of sexual orientation.

Psycho-oncology in Portugal: It is different from the rest of the world?

IntroductionPsycho-Oncology (PO) is a specific psychiatric approach to cancer patients. The main psychiatric disorders observed are delirium and adjustment disorders (AD) and the most frequent treatments used are pharmacologic and psychotherapeutic.With regard to the type of cancer, the most frequent in Portugal are breast, digestive and prostate.ObjectiveAnalyze the activity of PO in a district general hospital in Portugal.AimsDemonstrate that the main core in PO is similar in the world.MethodsProspective longitudinal study, during one year.ResultsThe sample had 130 patients (369 evaluations), mainly male, with the mean age of 64.22 years. The most frequent psychiatric diagnoses were delirium (56 cases; 43%) and AD (44; 34%) and the main interventions used were pharmacologic and psycho-education. The most common frequent cancers were digestive (54; 42%), urologic (16; 12%) and breast (15; 11%). This high frequency of urologic cancer was interpreted as a consequence of the sample and its geographic location, but it was also a reflection of the large number of requests made by this specialty. The majority of cancers had an advanced stage (84% vs 16%) that can be explained by the sample but also by health culture in Portugal, which is reflected in the inpatient services: Oncology (51; 39%) and Palliative Care (25; 19%).ConclusionsThe type of psychiatric disorders and treatments offered in PO is preserved around the world. The authors propose to do more studies, namely if the relation with others specialties affects psychiatric treatment of the patient.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Architecture-building: mobilising the lessons of the Survey Popular Architecture in Portugal

Within the history of Portuguese architecture, a survey conducted on vernacular dwellings in the mid-1950s has a significant place. This article examines how this survey has been remembered and enhanced, mobilised and updated ever since, playing a part in the empowerment of architecture as a discipline, as a profession, and as a matter of culture in Portugal. The main argument is that the collective and individual recollection of the survey has extolled the aesthetic and ethical lessons it provided for architects’ practice, activating the symbolic capital of an expression of culture long rooted in Portuguese discourses of national identity. This politics of memory has contributed to the recognition of Portuguese architects’ authority, autonomy and identity as a profession.

From culture in Portugal to Portuguese culture: Marxism, globalization and nationalism in António José Saraiva

Abstract By examining the career of a Portuguese essayist and historian, this article seeks to examine the relations between culture, nationalism and globalization during the second half of the twentieth century. The article follows the career of António José Saraiva from the 1940s to the 1990s, describing his transformation from expressing a universalist and progressive idea of culture to a nationalist and romantic one, and relating it to the transformations of communist internationalism and to the developments of capitalism and globalization. Considering the ruptures, but also the continuities within Saraiva’s thought, it is argued that his commitment to the problem of alienation plays a key role in this transformation While contributing to the history of one of the most read Portuguese intellectuals of the twentieth century, this article stresses the need for historians and social scientists to move beyond – at least partially – some binary oppositions that often command our approach to culture: namely the conflict between culture and economy on the one hand, and the national and the global, on the other.

Female employment, labour market institutions and gender culture in Portugal

This article explores the exceptional characteristics of female employment in Portugal, drawing on comparative and historical analysis to reveal the emergence of a dual-earner family model. This involved low-wage full-time work for both men and women, while the traditional gender culture was largely maintained. Case study findings from two female-dominated industries (hospitality and clothing manufacturing) show how gender inequality within the full-time employment model is produced and implemented at industry level. We discuss the role of trade unions and employers in shaping these employment practices and in negotiating adjustments in the light of increasing competitive pressures. The article concludes by identifying the implications for theoretical conceptualizations of gender and employment.

The languages of Typeface Design in Portugal

This paper addresses the evolution of Letter and Typeface Design in Portugal, walking through the genesis of letter painters and graphic artists up to the contemporary typeface designers, tracing influences and characteristics that may contribute to a better understanding and lead to the further development of an emerging Typographic Culture in Portugal. Morphological, stylistic, as well as cultural and social relationships are investigated, in an attempt to obtain core indicators that will allow to understand the influences that ancient visual vocabulary, material and techniques had on the innovation of contemporary digital Typography. Since Typography is a structural component within Communication Design, this research aims to understand better the Typeface Design in Portugal, its roots and extensions, looking for variables that may explain the idiosyncrasies and reputation of their creations. This study is being developed as part of a PhD thesis in the Research Institute for Design, Media and Culture (ID+) of the University of Aveiro in Portugal (UA) and is supported by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) and Porto Polytechnic Institute (IPP). Key words: calligraphy, typography, typeface design, Portugal.

Young audiences and fans of celebrities in Portugal

In this article, we explore young people’s diverse relationships with celebrity culture in Portugal. We argue that celebrity as an object and young people as audiences require us to look beyond fans and further analyse the tangential audience positions taken by young people, highlighting the contestation of the cultural meanings and the value of celebrity within youth culture. Young people’s attitudes and opinions towards national and global celebrity culture reflect their broader media consumption and cultural habits, which in turn are influenced by families, gender and age. This work is based on fieldwork conducted in 2009/2010, consisting of individual and group interviews of 46 young people, aged 12 to 17, from different social backgrounds and fans of different celebrities, questioned about their daily life, media consumption and opinions about celebrity status.