Diverse Cultural Populations Research Articles

The Cross-Cultural Validation of Neuropsychological Assessments and Their Clinical Applications in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: A Scoping Analysis.

The present study explores the cross-cultural validation of neuropsychological assessments and their clinical applications in cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), focusing on culturally adapted CBT (CA-CBT) across diverse populations and settings. Following the PRISMA guidelines, a comprehensive search was conducted in multiple academic databases, including PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, and Web of Science. Keywords related to cognitive behavioral therapy, cultural adaptation, and specific populations were used. The inclusion criteria encompassed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and pilot studies that assessed CA-CBT for various mental health conditions. The review included studies involving Chinese Americans, Latino caregivers, Syrian refugees, Jordanian children, Malaysian Muslims, Afghan refugees, Iraqi women, Japanese children and adolescents, and Tanzanian and Kenyan children. CA-CBT demonstrated significant effectiveness in reducing symptoms of depression, anxiety, PTSD, and psychosis. For instance, research has shown that CA-CBT is more effective than standard CBT in reducing depressive symptoms among Chinese Americans and in significantly lowering PTSD symptoms in Syrian refugee women. This method has been well-received and is feasible for use in diverse populations, such as Jordanian children and Afghan refugees. The long-term benefits are promising, with sustained improvements being reported in various studies. Additionally, digital and remote delivery methods have demonstrated potential for expanding the accessibility of CA-CBT. CA-CBT is a valuable and effective intervention for diverse cultural populations, significantly improving mental health outcomes. However, future research must address limitations such as small sample sizes, short follow-up periods, and variability in assessment tools. Future studies should include larger and more diverse sample sizes, longer follow-up periods, rigorous control groups, and comprehensive outcome measures to further validate and enhance the application of CA-CBT across different cultural contexts.

Australian Digital Mental Health Services: Consumer Perceptions of Their Usability and Acceptability

AbstractDigital mental health interventions are effective and can greatly enhance access to mental health care. They can reach people in remote and low-income areas and reduce the stigma of seeking mental health help by offering anonymity. Despite these benefits, they have not been fully integrated into mental health service delivery. The aim of this study was to understand consumers’ experiences and perceptions of accessing care through digital mental health services. Consumers of three key Australian Digital Mental Health Services completed an online survey about their experience receiving mental health care through digital mental health services. Some consumers were also invited to elaborate on their responses by taking part in a phone interview. A total of 351 participants completed an online survey (overall response rate of 11% of all those invited to take part), and 23 participants of whom also completed a phone interview. Most consumers were female and under the age of 50 years. Overall, consumers were very positive about their experience of using digital mental health services. They appreciated the accessibility, convenience, self-paced nature, therapeutic support, and guidance. Most found the services user-friendly, easy to use and navigate and were satisfied with their experience. A small number of consumers experienced difficulties with technology and internet connections. Most consumers would recommend services to their peers and recommend that digital mental health services be better promoted to improve awareness. Digital mental health services have a vital role in mental health care provision. Further research is needed to examine how digital mental health services can cater to the specific needs of disadvantaged sub-populations and diverse cultural populations and be seamlessly implemented in mental health care systems.

The psychiatric nursing care quality questionnaire (PNCQQ)

Introduction: In response to the growing recognition of the importance of the quality care in psychiatric nursing, this study introduces the Psychiatric Nursing Care Quality Questionnaire (PNCQQ) designed to evaluate the quality of care provided to psychiatric patients from diverse cultural backgrounds. Aim: The aim of this research was to develop and validate a comprehensive tool that addresses the unique needs and perceptions of patients across various cultural contexts. Materials and Methods: The development of the PNCQQ involved a rigorous methodology encompassing item generation, expert review, and pilot testing to ensure its relevance and cultural appropriateness. Subsequently, a validation study was conducted with a diverse sample of psychiatric patients to assess the reliability, validity, and cultural sensitivity of the questionnaire. Results: A total of 932 psychiatric patients completed the Psychiatric Nursing Care Quality Questionnaire (PNCQQ) as part of the study. The sample consisted of 57.3% female and 42.7% male participants. The age of participants ranged from 18 to 75 years, with a mean age of 37.8 years. Results indicate robust psychometric properties, including high internal consistency and test-retest reliability, supporting the utility of the PNCQQ in assessing nursing care quality across diverse cultural populations. Conclusions: The implications of this research underscore the importance of culturally competent care in psychiatric nursing practice and highlight the value of utilizing validated instruments to enhance care delivery.

Transcultural nursing leadership: A concept analysis

BackgroundGlobalisation, wars, competitiveness, and technological innovation have increased workplace diversity, requiring leaders to conduct multinational projects, lead people from different cultural backgrounds, and deliver appropriate services that meet the needs of clients from different cultures. Several concepts are interchangeably used to define and describe leadership in culturally-diverse work environments; one such concept is transcultural leadership. Because of nurses’ global migration and care delivery to patients from different cultural backgrounds, this concept is of interest in the nursing field. While some nurses have been identified as transcultural leaders, no definition of transcultural nursing leadership has been found in the literature. ObjectiveThis study aimed to develop an operational definition of transcultural nursing leadership. DesignA concept analysis was performed using Walker and Avant's method. MethodsA literature search was conducted using electronic databases, including CINAHL and MEDLINE, books, and encyclopaedias. Quantitative, qualitative, mixed- design studies and literature reviews; master's and doctoral theses; interviews; and text and opinion papers published in English, Spanish, or Portuguese that focused on leadership in multicultural work environments overall and in nursing in particular were included. To identify differences and similarities between the concepts, a Correspondence Factor Analysis with the support of the software IRaMuTeQ was undertaken. ResultsA total of 45 documents with definitions or descriptions of the concepts was included, of which five were in the nursing area and 40 in other areas of study. The defining attribute of transcultural nursing leadership is guiding the delivery of culturally-congruent care. Its antecedents were culturally-diverse populations, multicultural nursing teams, and the need to prepare healthcare workers, administrators, academics, professors, researchers, and minorities for transcultural nursing. The consequences identified included culturally-congruent care for patients and optimal health outcomes for all populations. The identified attributes, antecedents, and consequences did not cover the complexity of a culturally-diverse nursing work environment. Thus, the antecedents, attributes, and consequences of transcultural leadership identified in the literature were considered and added. ConclusionsTranscultural nursing leadership is a concept grounded in nursing theory that has significant implications for nursing management, education, research, and policy. This holds great promise for advancing culturally-congruent care, addressing health disparities, and building highly inclusive and productive nursing teams in an increasingly diverse world.

Intercultural competence in the training and daily professional lives of police officers

This article explains the role of intercultural competence in the training and daily professional lives of police officers,and proposes ways to improve the acquisition of this competence. The goal is to describe intercultural competence,highlighting its importance and the possibilities for its acquisition in the training and professional everyday lives ofpolice officers. The article uses general scientific methods – analysis of scientific literature and documents, as well asthe induction–deduction method, drawing conclusions and making proposals, and (grammatical, historical, systemic,teleological) methods of interpretation of legal regulations, analysing applicable legislation and policy planning docu-ments. The study concludes that the daily work of the police in today’s environment requires good management andcultural awareness in dealing with residents, with the consequent development of intercultural competence amongpolice officers as a prerequisite for successful performance and cooperation with different communities in a multicul-tural society. The acquisition and development of intercultural competence should be included in police training pro-grammes, complementing professional standards as appropriate, and in professional development activities for policeofficers. At the same time, the structural changes in the State Police should be addressed, with responsible officersbeing identified to deal with culturally diverse populations, and professional models for police dealing with culturallydiverse populations should be developed.

“I don’t think they’re as culturally sensitive”: a mixed-method study exploring e-mental health use among culturally diverse populations

Background Culturally diverse populations (CDPs), such as visible minorities, face challenges, such as lack of culturally tailored resources, when accessing mental health services. These barriers may be addressed by e-mental health (eMH) technologies. However, little attention has been devoted to understanding the cultural responsiveness of these services among CDPs. Aims This study explores CDPs experience of eMH for anxiety and depressive disorders in an urban area and gauge its cultural responsiveness. Methods In this mixed methods study, participants (N = 136) completed a survey regarding their eMH use, mental health status, and socio-demographic characteristics. Subsequently, participants (N = 14) shared their experiences through semi-structured focus groups. Results The majority of participants (68%) indicated that the eMH resources used were not culturally tailored. However, most participants (65%) agreed that the resource was available in their preferred language. Focus group discussions revealed key experiences around limited language diversity, cultural representation and cultural competency, and culturally linked stigma. eMH recommendations suggested by participants focused on including culturally tailored content, graphics and phrases, and lived experiences of CDPs. Conclusions The findings showcase the need for more culturally responsive eMH beyond language translation, while providing healthcare professionals with a greater and nuanced understanding of treatment needs in cultural groups.

A CASE OF TURBAN PIN INHALATION SYNDROME IN A YOUNG WOMAN

TOPIC: Cultural Diversity TYPE: Medical Student/Resident Case Reports INTRODUCTION: Turban Pin Inhalation Syndrome (TPIS) is mainly reported in countries in the Middle East with increased prevalence in younger females [1]. Incidences can be found in diverse cultural populations such as intercity areas like New York City. CASE PRESENTATION: A 38 year old woman with no past medical history presents to the emergency room an hour after accidentally inhaling a hair pin. Patient sensed something stuck in her throat and admitted to persistent hoarseness. Patient denies radiating pain, shortness of breath, chest pain, or hemoptysis. Physical exam reveals normal vitals. Patient is sitting comfortably with no respiratory distress, wheezing, drooling, or stridor. X-ray reveals a pin in the left main bronchus without pneumothorax or pneumomediastinum. After obtaining informed consent for flexible bronchoscopy, the patient was intubated and the pin was removed with three pronged forceps via flexible bronchoscopy in the emergency room (ER). Patient was discharged directly from the ER after successful extubation. DISCUSSION: Patients with TPIS usually present to the ER after accidentally inhaling pins held in their mouth while adjusting their scarves. Patients experience a brief episode of intense coughing and a feeling of suffocation, which is known as penetration syndrome. Patients are typically asymptomatic shortly afterwards, which leads to delay in seeking treatment. Early intervention is important because of the risk of distal mobilization or penetration through the bronchial wall or lung parenchyma leading to pneumothorax or pneumomediastinum. The average time between inhalation and surgery is 10 days. Longer term complications include granuloma formation into bronchial tree, recurrent pneumonia, obstructive emphysema, pleural effusion, bronchiectasis, and pulmonary abscess. Diagnosis is confirmed via X-ray that shows a linear opacity. In some reports, pins are located in the right main bronchus, but in other studies, there is no predilection for either side [1]. Rigid bronchoscopy is the standard modality to retrieve the pin, but would require removal in the operating room [1, 2, 3]. Flexible bronchoscopy can be used to retrieve the foreign body inhalation at bedside, which saves time and is more efficient in terms of logistics. If physicians are unable to retrieve the pin via bronchoscopy, more invasive measures would be used to retrieve the pin such as thoracotomy or parenchymal resection. CONCLUSIONS: Incidences of TPIS are not only in the Middle East, but also can be found in multi-cultural areas. These patients can present to intercity hospitals where they can undergo pin removal via flexible bronchoscopy and can be discharged the same day from the ER. REFERENCE #1: N. Rizk, N.E. Gwely, V.L. Biron, U. Hamza. Metallic hairpin inhalation: a healthcare problem facing young Muslim females. J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 43 (2014 Aug 2), p. 21 REFERENCE #2: O. Ilan, R. Eliashar, N. Hirshoren, K. Hamdan, M. Gross. Turban pin aspiration: new fashion, new syndrome. Laryngoscope, 122 (4) (2012 Apr), pp. 916-919 REFERENCE #3: O. Dikensoy, C. Usalan, A. Filiz. Foreign body aspiration: clinical utility of flexible bronchoscopy. Postgrad Med J, 78 (2002), pp. 399-403 DISCLOSURES: No relevant relationships by Amanda Eng, source=Web Response No relevant relationships by rattan patel, source=Web Response

Recommendations for Designing Health Information Technologies for Mental Health Drawn From Self-Determination Theory and Co-design With Culturally Diverse Populations: Template Analysis.

BackgroundCulturally diverse populations (including Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, people of diverse genders and sexualities, and culturally and linguistically diverse people) in nonurban areas face compounded barriers to accessing mental health care. Health information technologies (HITs) show promising potential to overcome these barriers.ObjectiveThis study aims to identify how best to improve a mental health and well-being HIT for culturally diverse Australians in nonurban areas.MethodsWe conducted 10 co-design workshops (N=105 participants) in primary youth mental health services across predominantly nonurban areas of Australia and conducted template analysis on the workshop outputs. Owing to local (including service) demographics, the workshop participants naturalistically reflected culturally diverse groups.ResultsWe identified 4 main themes: control, usability, affirmation, and health service delivery factors. The first 3 themes overlap with the 3 basic needs postulated by self-determination theory (autonomy, competence, and relatedness) and describe participant recommendations on how to design an HIT. The final theme includes barriers to adopting HITs for mental health care and how HITs can be used to support care coordination and delivery. Hence, it describes participant recommendations on how to use an HIT.ConclusionsAlthough culturally diverse groups have specific concerns, their expressed needs fall broadly within the relatively universal design principles identified in this study. The findings of this study provide further support for applying self-determination theory to the design of HITs and reflect the tension in designing technologies for complex problems that overlap multiple medical, regulatory, and social domains, such as mental health care. Finally, we synthesize the identified themes into general recommendations for designing HITs for mental health and provide concrete examples of design features recommended by participants.

Reconciling Incommensurate World Health Views and Explanatory Models of Mental Illness: A New Model of Integrated Mental Health Care for Culturally Diverse Populations

The International Journal of Integrated Care (IJIC) is an online, open-access, peer-reviewed scientific journal that publishes original articles in the field of integrated care on a continuous basis.IJIC has an Impact Factor of 5.120 (2020 JCR, received in June 2021)

The Meal Pattern Questionnaire: A psychometric evaluation using the Eating Disorder Examination

ObjectiveMeal pattern is an important variable in both obesity treatment and treatment for eating disorders. Momentary assessment and eating diaries are highly valid measurement methods but often cumbersome and not always feasible to use in clinical practice. The aim of this study was to design and evaluate a self-report instrument for measuring meal patterns. MethodThe Pattern of eating item from the Eating Disorder Examination (EDE) interview was adapted to self-report format to follow the same overall structure as the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire. The new instrument was named the Meal Patterns Questionnaire (MPQ) and was compared with the EDE in a student sample (n=105) and an obese sample (n=111). ResultsThe individual items of the MPQ and the EDE showed moderate to high correlations (rho=.63–89) in the two samples. Significant differences between the MPQ and EDE were only found for two items in the obese sample. The total scores correlated to a high degree (rho=.87/.74) in both samples and no significant differences were found in this variable. DiscussionThe MPQ can provide an overall picture of a person's eating patterns and is a valid way to collect data regarding meal patterns. The MPQ may be a useable tool in clinical practice and research studies when more extensive instruments cannot be used. Future studies should evaluate the MPQ in diverse cultural populations and with more ecological assessment methods.

Infusing Multicultural and Social Justice Competencies Within Counseling Practice: A Guide for Trainers

In light of rapidly changing demographics within the United States, counselors are challenged to provide culturally responsive services to facilitate optimal client functioning. This article highlights recommended training strategies within a developmental framework to promote multicultural and social justice competencies for trainers of mental health professionals. ********** In light of the rapidly changing demographics of the United States, it is imperative for counselor educators and trainers of mental health professionals to infuse instructional strategies that promote multicultural and social justice (MSJ) competencies for trainees. According to Arredondo et al. (1996), the framework to engage actively in multicultural competencies involves knowledge, awareness, and skills related to one's personal viewpoint, to the client's experience, and to culturally responsive interventions. The American Counseling Association's (2005) ACA Code of Ethics and the Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs's (CACREP) 2009 Standards highlight the critical need for practitioners to enhance cultural sensitivity and responsiveness when working with diverse client populations. Specific ethical guidelines for counselors include the need for cultural sensitivity and awareness in the areas of antidiscrimination, language, confidentiality, disclosure, and assessment (ACA, 2005; Standards A.2.c., B.1.a., C.5., E.6.c., and E.8.). The accrediting body for counseling programs at the master's and doctoral level, CACREP, complements the ACA Code of Ethics by featuring curriculum standards for counseling trainees within the areas of knowledge, skills, and clinical practice when working with culturally different clients. The purpose of this article is to translate MSJ-based teaching strategies within counselor education into community-based, mental health services training for practitioners. These strategies are discussed within the framework of adult development and learning. Eriksen and McAuliffe (2006) indicated the critical role of adult development on counseling competency. Specifically, cornerstone attitudes and skills that reflect multicultural sensitivity and responsiveness (e.g., empathy, open-mindedness, ability to deal with ambiguity) have been associated with the relativistic position of Perry's intellectual and ethical development and Kohlberg's higher levels of moral development (Eriksen & McAuliffe, 2006). Although the strategies are effective across the lifespan of development, specific adaptations to the proposed strategies are considered based on the age and developmental focus of the trainees. INCREASING SELF-AWARENESS AND KNOWLEDGE OF CULTURALLY DIVERSE POPULATIONS In training mental health professionals on multicultural issues, an instructor needs to begin with a discussion of knowledge and awareness of multicultural issues. This training enables trainees to better understand their own cultural background and learn about other cultures. More important, this emphasis enables trainees to understand cultural identity development and their own cultural biases and misconceptions (Arredondo, Tovar-Blank, & Parham, 2008; Garcia, Wright, & Corey, 1991). Knowledge and awareness of multicultural issues needs to be presented at the beginning of any training and then followed by the applied counseling skills-building strategies. For this reason, in conducting multicultural training or diversity training for mental health practitioners, it is advisable to schedule two or, if possible, three trainings over a period of time. This approach to training will allow participants time to process and reflect on the ideas and information being presented and then be prepared to practice skills building in multicultural counseling. To promote ethical practices of effective services to diverse populations, it is imperative for counselors to become knowledgeable of the changing racial and ethnic composition of the U. …

Global Longitudinal Pathway: Has Medical Education Curriculum Influenced Medical Students’ Skills and Attitudes Toward Culturally Diverse Populations?

Background: The Pathway represents a longitudinal program for medical students, consisting of both domestic and international experiences with poor populations. A previous study reported no significant attitudinal changes toward the medically indigent between Pathway and non-Pathway students. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate and differentiate the skills and attitudes of Pathway and non-Pathway students in working with culturally diverse populations by conducting quantitative and qualitative analyses. Methods: Selected items from a cultural assessment were analyzed using independent t-tests and a proportional analysis using approximation of the binomial distribution. In addition, a qualitative assessment of non-Pathway and Pathway students was conducted. Results: A statistically significant difference was found at the end of Years 2, 3, and 4 regarding student confidence ratings, and qualitative results had similar findings. Conclusions: Clear and distinct differences between the two studied groups were found indicating the root of this increased confidence may have developed due to exposure to the Pathway program.

Community Participation in New Mexico's Behavioral Health Care Reform

In 2005, New Mexico implemented a unique reform in managed behavioral health services that seeks to ensure delivery of consumer-driven, recovery-oriented care to low-income individuals. Distinguishing features of the reform are the Local Collaboratives (LCs), regionally based community organizations designed by state government to represent behavioral health concerns of New Mexico's diverse cultural populations. We examine community response to the LCs, focusing on two broad sets of themes derived from 18 months of ethnographic fieldwork. The first set--structure and function--encompasses several issues: predominance of provider versus consumer voice; insufficient resources to support internal operations; imposition of state administrative demands; and perceived lack of state response to LC efforts. The second set--participation and collaboration--reveals how problems of information flow and other logistical factors impact involvement in LCs and how the construction of "community" introduced under this initiative exacerbates tensions across localities with varied histories and populations.

A Culturally Appropriate, Web-Based Technology for Anonymous Data Collection for Public Health Research in Culturally Diverse Populations

This case study describes how a Web-based technology helped a small nonprofit cancer education and research organization collect data anonymously from Native American cancer survivors from across the North American continent. The system described herein, known as the Privacy Broker System, is adaptable to different cultures and languages. The Privacy Broker System made cancer education and research, which was previously infeasible due to high costs and regulatory constraints, possible.

Health Care Reform and the Paradox of Efficiency: “Writing in” Culture

Widespread global migration is occurring at the same time that health care delivery systems in Western nations are undergoing major restructuring. The call for health care to be more efficient, economical, and responsive to diverse cultural populations has come from several sectors, including governments and researchers. This has led to policies to address perceived deficiencies in health care services. The authors draw on their research at health care institutions in a western Canadian city to probe, first, how the concept of culture is interpreted within organizations; and second, how culture is "written into health systems" as they undergo restructuring. Meanings and interpretations of culture are not transparent; moreover, "writing in" culture is not simply a matter of health care providers learning about their clients' "belief systems" and being sensitive to these beliefs. Belief systems and people's experiences of the care they receive are negotiated within highly complex "organizational cultures," located in broader macroeconomic and political structures, and discourses that shape how health care systems are organized. The authors consider whether current discourses on cost containment are in competition with providing equitable health care services to diverse client populations.

Strategies for Developing Cultural Competency in an RN-BSN Program

It is crucial for nurses to acquire skills and a knowledge base to care for increasingly diverse cultural populations. Many nurses returning to school did not receive theoretical information relative to culture. This article describes some of the teaching strategies utilized in the RN-BSN program at Bethel College in Mishawaka, Indiana. This "how we did it" discussion is presented to provide ideas for teaching strategies that may be used to promote attainment of a program outcome related to cultural sensitivity and competency.

Women's Status and Health of Two Ethnic Groups Inhabiting a Periurban Habitat of Kolkata City, India: A Micro-Level Study

We studied the interrelationship of women's status in terms of socioeconomic inequality and its effect on women's health at micro level between two ethnic groups in a periurban area of Kolkata City, India. One-hundred twenty-seven women who belong to a tribal population (Munda) and 174 women who belonged to a caste population (Poundrakshatriya) participated in this study. We found significant differences between various (socioeconomic, demographic, diet intake, and body mass index [BMI]) factors among the two ethnic groups that indicated a better situation for the Pod women. The number of live births, dietary intake and BMI of the women of the two ethnic groups varied differentially among socioeconomic factors, such as women's education and working pattern and poverty level of the household, which are the most recognized measures of women's status. Thus, the diverse socioeconomic status in various cultural groups in traditional Indian societies reflects a more complex situation of women's status and their health. Different factors were responsible for the differential health status of women, which is culture and location specific. Women who are more educated and employed are not necessarily more healthy, since poverty remains an integral factor, based on which literacy and employment status of women in India is determined. Furthermore, suppression of women is rooted in the very fabric of the Indian society, in tradition, in religious doctrine and practices, within the educational systems, and within the families. Along with education, therefore, income-generating schemes for the women of the economically deprived population should be strengthened to bring equality in overall health status of a region that consists of diverse cultural populations with vast economic disparity.

Reflected Identities

This work explores how positionality, as a pedagogical construct, can enhance the goals of teaching multicultural education courses that are social reconstructionist in nature. It highlights excerpts from action/research assignments in multicultural education courses and probes how the attitudes of students have been challenged to better understand the complex sociocultural environments in which diverse cultural populations work and live. Students are encouraged to discern how it is that they make meaning of their own lives, what their lives mean in relationshipto the lives of others, and how the educational concepts they embrace are derived from the meaning that they make of such relationships.

Challenges and strategies for conducting intervention research with culturally diverse populations.

Conducting intervention research with culturally diverse, underserved, and often hard to reach populations in naturalistic or field settings presents investigators with a number of practical challenges. This article describes four special challenges and strategies for dealing with them that clients, service providers, and researchers experienced in conducting a prevention intervention to reduce substance use and sexual risky behaviors with low-income Latina young women. The challenges are (a) building community partnerships; (b) developing interventions that are acceptable and relevant; (c) promoting successful recruitment, participation, and retention of participants; and (d) developing a diverse, cohesive, and committed research team and effective managerial information support systems.

Applying Empowerment Evaluation as a Tool for Self-Improvement and Community Development with CULTURALLY Diverse Populations

Empowerment evaluation emphasizes the need to restructure evaluation to focus on community members as leaders and facilitators in organizing, planning, and developing processes of self-study. For culturally diverse populations it is necessary to foster a social and political environment that empowers diverse community identity and the participatory perspective. In this article the authors discuss the application of empowerment evaluation as a tool for self-improvement and community development with culturally diverse populations.