Cultural Tactics Research Articles

Siasat Kebudayaan Komunitas Adat Dayak Lepoq terhadap Kebijakan Pelarangan Membakar Lahan di Desa Lung Anai Kecamatan Loa Kulu Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara

This study focused on the cultural strategies of the Dayak Kenyah traditional community in Lung Anai Village in farming practices as a response to the government policy concerning controlling forest and land burn. The cultural strategy referred to was a social practice related to the management and utilization of local resources, including the practice of local wisdom in farming in the form of burning which is passed down from one generation to the next. The research method that the researcher used was a type of qualitative descriptive research with data collection carried out by means of observation and in-depth interviews. The findings from this research were that the response of the Dayak Kenyah Lung Anai to the policy of prohibiting land burning was very diverse. The public responded to this policy in two ways, namely attitudes and actions. Their attitude was gossip and the actions of the community were carrying out one-time demonstrations. The Lung Anai community had a closed resistance, namely burning in the afternoon until evening, providing barriers, asking companies for help, using village land, increasing income. The conclusion of this research is that the cultural tactics carried out is a form of resistance by indigenous communities to government policies in order to survive by maintaining their traditions in the practice of managing and utilizing local resources.

Effects of bed width and crop row spacing on barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) emergence and seed production in furrow-irrigated rice

Abstract Furrow-irrigated rice (Oryza sativa L.) has become a popular option for rice production in Arkansas. Highly troublesome weeds like barnyardgrass [Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv.] are a major problem for producers in all rice production systems. Cultural tactics should become a priority to enhance crop growth and competitiveness. This research aimed to determine the effects of bed width (irrigation furrow spacing) and crop row spacing manipulation on E. crus-galli emergence and seed production in a furrow-irrigated rice system. Three bed widths (76, 97, and 152 cm) (whole-plot factor) were used, and plots were drill seeded in four crop row spacings (13, 19, 25, and 38 cm) (subplot factor). The widest width of 152 cm had a slight increase in E. crus-galli density in the early rice life cycle but, by the end of the season, did not differ from the narrower bed widths. Conversely, a decrease in E. crus-galli seed production was observed as the bed width increased. Similar rice canopy coverage and yields occurred among all three bed widths. As for crop row spacing, as the width increased, E. crus-galli density also increased. The 13-cm crop row spacing had the lowest preflood E. crus-galli density, preharvest panicle count, and seed production. No effect of crop row spacing was observed on rice canopy coverage; however, the 13-cm crop row spacing produced the greatest rice yield. The 13-cm crop row spacing paired with the 152-cm bed width may be the optimum combination of ecological strategies in furrow-irrigated rice to reduce E. crus-galli seed production while maintaining rice growth and yield.

The impact and mechanism of culture mixing on travel intention

Although culture plays an essential role in destination image creation, few studies have examined the effectiveness of culture mixing in the tourism industry. Thus, we tested the impact of culture mixing on travel intention with a sample of 279 tourists in China. Results revealed a distributional effect of cultural iconicity on culture mixing, which suggests that tourists preferred culture mixing and showed a strong travel intention, but only for destinations with a low level of cultural iconicity. In contrast, they expressed a negative response to culture mixing when the destination had high cultural iconicity. Additionally, we examined the mediating roles of confusion experience and creativity perception to further strengthen understanding of culture mixing in the tourism context. Our findings provide insight into how to build creative tourism destination environments and advise prestigious destinations on how to utilize cultural tactics in advertising.

Enhancing Crop Protection and Yield through Precision Agriculture and Integrated Pest Management: A Comprehensive Review

The increasing global population has intensified the necessity for sustainable and efficient agricultural practices. One promising avenue for meeting this demand is the synergy between Precision Agriculture (PA) and Integrated Pest Management (IPM). This review paper aims to scrutinize the multifaceted relationship between PA and IPM in augmenting crop protection and yield. Utilizing a comprehensive analysis of existing literature, the study elucidates how cutting-edge technologies in PA, such as drone imaging and soil sensor networks, can be harmoniously integrated with IPM strategies. These encompass biological, chemical, and cultural tactics to manage pest populations and mitigate damage, thereby fostering an environment conducive to optimal crop growth. The review identifies that the confluence of PA and IPM not only enhances the efficiency of resource use but also mitigates the environmental footprint of agricultural activities. Moreover, we delve into case studies that demonstrate significant yield improvements and cost reductions, underscoring the economic viability of integrating PA and IPM. The findings highlight the transformative potential of marrying these two domains, suggesting that such integration could be a cornerstone in the future of sustainable agriculture. The paper concludes by outlining research gaps and proposing avenues for future studies, emphasizing the need for multi-disciplinary approaches to fully unlock the potential of this integration.

Cultural Identity in the Shackles of Modernization: The Case of Mentawai Indigenous Peoples

This paper examines the shackles of cultural identity in the new flow of the times. Mentawai people as a community group have a local identity as a characteristic of an ethnic group. However, the attraction between local culture and the pace of modernization is getting stronger, where the influence of development hegemony and policies conflict with the cultural identity of the Mentawai people. So, it raises the chaos that is still ongoing until now. Through literature study and critical anthropology view, it shows that human has the potential to create creativity and self-adjustment. However, Mentawai people are limited and suppressed by social factors and conditions, and exploited by the 'authorities'. This means that the reality of being Mentawai people is not created by nature but by humans, namely humans who have the power to 'manipulate conditions' and patent meanings that suit their minds that are full of conflict, illusion, and distortion. Mentawai people are in a 'false consciousness' that modernization helps them see the world better and have consciously stuttered (cultural backwardness) from that objective condition. Culture is deliberately clashed with the pace of modernization in various elements of life. However, Mentawai people are not rigid and make adjustments from the politically charged situation that makes them marginalized, exploited, and subordinated. Cultural tactics (cultural meaning) to follow the pace of modernization are used. Modernization and globalization are considered 'interaction spaces' in which there is a contestation arena of various elements of human life.

Ethnographicity of a National Political Body

The author analyzes cultural tactics and strategies aimed at the nationalization of the body in public, political and cultural spaces. The images of the national, nationalizing and nationalized body in modern cultures and spaces of memory are analyzed. The purpose of the study is to analyze visual strategies for the nationalization of the body in the intellectual histories of Central and Eastern Europe in the second half of the 19th and early 21st centuries. Geographically, the article is limited to the analysis of the politically motivated nationalizations of corporality in the greater Eastern and Central European cultural contexts. The chronological and geographical framework is motivated by the need to detect both continuity and discreteness in the nationalization of the body in the political cultures of the region, as well as general trends and regional characteristics of cultural and political practices, the author analyze in the article. The article shows that the historical and cultural prerequisites for the nationalization of the body developed in the 17th and 18th centuries within the framework of the “high” political culture, which operated with the images of great ancestors, projecting onto clothes as an element of socially acceptable physicality. The author believes that by the beginning of the 21st century, the nationalization of physicality express itself in several strategies, including the visualization of traditional ethnicity and the actualization of elements of modern political culture, which combine the visualization of biological signs of physicality in their combination with elements of a personality cult.

Cropping systems alter plant volatile emissions in the field through soil legacy effects

AbstractCrops emit a variety of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that serve as attractants or repellents for pests and their natural enemies. Crop rotations, off-farm chemical inputs, and mechanical and cultural tactics – collectively called cropping systems – alter soil nutrients, moisture content, and microbial communities, all of which have the potential to alter crop VOC emissions. Soil legacy effects of diversified cropping systems have been shown to enhance crop VOC emissions in greenhouse studies, but how they influence emissions under field conditions remains virtually unknown. To determine the effect of cropping systems on plant VOC emissions in the field, air samples were collected from the headspace of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. Judee) grown in simplified wheat-fallow rotations or diversified wheat-cover crop rotations where cover crops were terminated by grazing cattle. Across two growing seasons, wheat grown in rotation with fallow emitted greater amounts of Z-3-hexenyl acetate and β-ocimene, key attractants for wheat stem sawfly (Cephus cinctus Norton), a major pest of wheat. While overall VOC blends were relatively similar among cropping system during the first growing season, emissions varied substantially in the second year of this study where wheat grown in rotation with cover crops emitted substantially greater quantities of volatile compounds characteristic of abiotic stress. Below-average precipitation in the second growing season, in addition to reduced soil water content in cover crop rotations, suggests that cropping system effects on wheat VOCs may have been driven primarily by water availability, a major factor limiting crop growth in dryland agriculture. While the specific mechanisms driving changes in VOC emissions were not explicitly tested, this work shows that agricultural practices applied in one growing season can differentially influence crop VOC emissions in the next through soil legacy effects, illustrating additional avenues through which cropping systems may be leveraged to enhance pest management.

Combining Cultural Tactics and Insecticides for the Management of the Sweetpotato Whitefly, Bemisia tabaci MEAM1, and Viruses in Yellow Squash

The sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci MEAM1 Gennadius (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), and the complex of viruses it transmits are major limiting factors to squash production in the southeastern United States. At this time, insecticides are extensively relied upon for the management of whiteflies and, indirectly, whitefly-transmitted viruses. The development of a multi-faceted, integrated pest management (IPM) program is needed to increase the sustainability and profitability of squash production. Experiments in 2018 and 2019 evaluated the effects of insect exclusion netting (IEN) in combination with selected pesticides on whitefly population dynamics and virus incidence in greenhouse-grown squash seedlings. Field experiments from 2018 to 2021 evaluated the effects of mulch type (UV-reflective mulch, live mulch, and white plastic mulch), row covers, and insecticides on whitefly population dynamics, silver leaf disorder (SSL) intensity, virus symptom severity, and marketable yield. IEN significantly reduced whiteflies and virus incidence on squash seedlings in the greenhouse study. In the field mulch study, lower whitefly abundance and SSL intensity, as well as reduced virus symptom severity, were observed in plots with reflective mulch compared with white plastic or live mulch. In the insecticide/row cover study, whitefly abundance, SSL intensity, and virus symptom severity were lowest in the row cover and cyantraniliprole- and flupyradifurone-treated plots. Field plots with row covers and those with UV-reflective mulch consistently produced the greatest marketable yields. These findings demonstrate that growers can reduce whitefly and virus pressure and preserve yields in squash production in the southeastern United States by combining cultural and chemical tactics, including row covers, UV-reflective mulch, and select insecticides.

Insect pest management in vegetable crops through trap cropping: Review

The study was carried out at CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during 2019 as the widespread use ofinsecticides to control crop pests has created various problems such as residues in the food chain, phytotoxicity,pesticide resistance, pest resurgence, bioaccumulation and secondary pest outbreak, in addition to causing harmfuleffect on the environment and non-targeted beneficial organisms. However, trap cropping is one such type of specialcompanion planting strategy that is traditionally used for insect pest management through vegetative diversificationused to attract insect pests away from the main crops during a critical time period by providing them an optionalpreferred choice. Trap cropping also has a tremendous potential to attract and conserve natural enemies in croppingsystems. The effect of attracting natural enemies may be an advantage compared to the other/conventional meansof pest control. Trap cropping can be integrated with other Integrated Pest Management (IPM) tactics. But trapcropping, like many other cultural tactics, remains under-exploited. Research on trap cropping has been very limited,and deserves more consideration to sustain agro-ecosystems throughout the world. In this review we have providedinformation based on trap cropping modalities and an updated list of trap cropping system in vegetable crops thatshould be proven as helpful in future trap cropping endeavors.

Integration of Host Plant Resistance and Cultural Tactics for Management of Root- and Stem-Feeding Insect Pests in Rice

The rice water weevil, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus Kuschel, is the most important early-season pest of rice in the U.S. Additionally, lepidopteran stem-boring pests particularly the invasive Mexican rice borer, Eoreuma loftini (Dyar), are increasingly becoming problematic in Louisiana rice. Although insecticidal seed treatments have been widely adopted and have proven highly effective against weevils and stemborers, alternative management tactics are needed. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of flood timing and rice cultivar on rice water weevil and stemborer infestations. Field experiments were conducted in Crowley, Louisiana, from 2019–2020. In each year, early- and late-planted trials were established according to a split-split-plot randomized block design. Four commonly grown rice cultivars were selected and were either treated or not treated with a chlorantraniliprole seed treatment. Permanent flood was established at normal timing (approximately the five-leaf stage) or delayed by 2 weeks. Seed treatment reduced weevil densities and stemborer injury by 70–84% and 87–94%, respectively, across planting dates, years, cultivars, and flood timings. The rice cultivar ‘Jupiter' consistently supported the highest numbers of immature weevils, whereas low levels of stemborer injury were observed in ‘Jazzman-2'. Weevil densities were 72 and 20% lower in plots subjected to delayed flood compared to normal flood timing in the 2019 and 2020 late-planted trials, respectively. Reductions of 79 and 93% in stemborer injury in the 2019 early- and late-planted trials, respectively, were observed in delayed flooded plots. Weevil and stemborer infestations negatively affected rice yields, with losses among cultivars ranging from 14 to 49%. Yield losses were generally lower in plots subjected to delayed flood compared to normal flood timing but the difference was only significant in the 2020 late-planted trial. Our data suggest that the combination of cultivar resistance and delayed flooding can serve as a valuable component of an integrated pest management program for both rice water weevil and stemborers.

Seduction, Aggression, and Frenchness in LA VIE PARISIENNE (1914–1918)

The article retraces how the notion of cultural singularity in sexuality was constructed and weaponized in the most popular French illustrated periodical of the First World War. It argues that La Vie Parisienne’s sublimation of romantic love, sex, and Frenchness worked as a cultural tactic that, while helping the readership cope with a devastating historical disruption, undermined at the same time claims for social change. The close analysis of works by illustrator Chéri Hérouard uncovers how nationalism and anxieties of sexual dispossession contributed to integrate a fraught notion of women’s sexual consent to a broader claim of cultural superiority. This article provides a critical approach to popular and visual representations of heterosexual and non-conjugal norms of desire, seduction, and sexuality in wartime France. It also offers a historical example of how the racialization and nationalisation of gender relations, discussed as ‘Gallic singularity’ in recent scholarship, trivialises masculine aggression and produces the ambivalence long associated with the notion of women’s sexual consent in France.

Safer-than: Making Nuclear Waste Disposal More Familiar

ABSTRACT Geological disposal has been proposed as the solution for managing the most radioactive nuclear wastes. These wastes stay hazardous for periods better measured in geological rather than human time. This challenges the capacity of science to accurately predict the future evolution and safety of geological disposal facilities. Thus nuclear waste management organisations, such as the Finnish Posiva, utilise a broad range of historical and cultural evidence and discursive tactics to support their scientific argumentation for the long-term safety of geological disposal. Posiva, for instance, makes its safety case by anchoring its disposal project in broader international scientific settings and engineering practices; by giving the abstract disposal concept form and tangible through mundane objects and spaces and in so doing presenting geological disposal as an extension of the everyday; and finally by juxtaposing the underground and the aboveground to depict the underground as more predictable and knowable, essentially as ‘safer than.’ By invoking and imagining geological disposal through the familiar, Posiva negotiates the limits of scientific knowledge, and undermines the nuclearity of geological disposal to make its case for the implementability, manageability and safety of geological disposal and, crucially, to present geological disposal as the only available option for long-term nuclear waste management.

“TSKHINVALI REGION” AND “AUTONOMOUS REPUBLIC OF ABKHAZIA” AS “LIEUX DE MÉMOIRE” AND INVENTED TRADITIONS IN THE MODERN GEORGIAN POLITICAL IMAGINATION (2018-2019)

The author analyzes the invention of traditions in modern Georgian nationalism in the contexts of the imagination of the “Tskhinvali region” and the “Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia” as inseparable parts of the imagining political body of the Georgian nation. The methodology is based on the principles proposed in the inventionist turn in the interdisciplinary Nationalism Studies. The author analyzes the problems of imagination of Abkhazia and South Ossetia as parts of Georgia in contexts of legal attempts to legitimize the Georgian affiliation of these territories, political and cultural tactics and strategies of Georgian intellectuals, used by them in their attempts to integrate Abkhaz and Ossetian narratives into the imagined Georgian political and geographical canon. The author believes that the invented traditions in the Georgian case can be defined as heterogeneous intellectual, social, political and cultural practices of the imagination of Abkhazia and South Ossetia as subjects of the Georgian political space and parts of imagined symbolic Georgian geography. The activities of the “government” of these regions, which are imagined by their supporters as “governments in exile” are discussed in the text. The author believes that the traditions of Georgian nationalism, the high level of consolidation of society, and legal incentives, including the Law on Occupied Territories, became the incentives that turned South Ossetia and Abkhazia into invented traditions of political imagination in Georgian nationalism. It is shown that the invented traditions of modern Georgian nationalism are diverse and range from different versions of ethnicity to various political constructs. It is assumed that the active debates in Georgian society about the role and place of Abkhazia and South Ossetia turned these regions into invented traditions and places of memory of modern Georgian identity. The author believes that the activities of the “governments” and other administrative structures of the “Tskhinvali region” and the “Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia”, controlled by Tbilisi, are mainly ideological, propaganda and informational in their nature, because they invent and depicture images of these regions in the Georgian centred system of coordinates.

Caucasian Prisoners, or How Georgian Intellectuals Invent Traditions and (re)Produce Meanings

The author of the article analyses various cultural tactics, practices and strategies that Georgian intellectuals used for the invention of traditions and the (re)production of meanings. The author presumes that various cultural practices and social strategies of Georgian intellectuals became the main incentives for the transformation of traditional local groups into the Georgian modern nation. The history of the 20th century promoted the fragmentation of Georgian intelligentsia. The disintegration of the USSR, the resto-ration of state sovereignty and political independence of Georgia became powerful stimuli for the radical and deep fragmentation of the thinking-class into intelligentsia and intellectuals. The author states that intelligentsia and intellectuals coexist in modern Georgia simultaneously, but this social and cultural cohabitation is temporary because the intelligentsia became an endangered social and cultural category. Georgian intellec-tuals are genetic heirs of the old intelligentsia. The permanent voluntary and forced par-ticipation in the imagination of the nation and the invention of traditions as the for-mation and promotion of new myths brings together intelligentsia and intellectuals. The dynamics of the 20th century turned Georgian intellectuals into cultural hostages of modernization and processes of constant (re)production of the identities and meanings, including nation, space, freedom, independence etc.

The restoration of the Buganda Kingdom Government 1986–2014: culture, contingencies, constraints

ABSTRACTThe restoration of the Kabaka of Buganda a quarter century after its abolition was the unexpected and contested product of different views of Ganda social structure that had emerged over several centuries. Competing groups, despite acting on contradictory cultural principles, overcame the suspicion of a newly empowered central government. Selective recall of cultural norms and adroit organisational tactics of the individuals who recreated the Buganda Kingdom Government allowed them to surpass their rivals and become the main Ganda interlocutors with the central government. They persuaded the central government to restore the king, though not the kingdom. The compromise they struck permitted the king to be cultural, but not political. Not only did that raise further questions about the meaning of Ganda culture, it constrained the Buganda Kingdom Government's ability to promote Ganda interests with the central government and on occasion reduced its support from the Ganda public in the years following restoration.

Mexican Rice Borer Control Tactics in United States Sugarcane

The invasive Mexican rice borer, Eoreuma loftini (Dyar), expanded its range from Mexico to South Texas in the early 1980s. By 2008 the pest had moved into sugarcane- and rice-growing areas of East Texas and Louisiana, and by 2012 it was reported on noncrop host plants in Florida. Efforts to suppress E. loftini in United States sugarcane with chemicals and biological control agents were unsuccessful, so both tactics were discontinued, and E. loftini infestation of sugarcane has continued unchecked. During the last 15 years, however, research has focused on the pest’s ecology, improved insecticides and scouting methods, the identification of sugarcane resistance mechanisms, and new cultural tactics. A surveillance technique was developed that indicates when larvae are most vulnerable to insecticide sprays. Currently, registered insecticides for E. loftini control are not widely applied, although some show promise, including an insect growth regulator. A number of potentially useful cultural practices are available, including plowing under fallow stubble, judicious use of fertilizer, adequate irrigation, avoiding proximity to E. loftini-susceptible maize cultivars, and enhancement of natural enemy populations. Demonstrated and potentially useful sugarcane resistance mechanisms involve physiochemical attributes, physical characteristics, and transgenic cultivars.

Beyond green and orange: alliance for choice – Derry’s mobilisation for the decriminalisation of abortion

ABSTRACTOn 8 October 2014, the Northern Ireland Department of Justice (DoJ) set up a public consultation on amending the law on abortion in cases of fatal foetal abnormality and sexual crimes. Several organisations mobilised to respond to the consultation, but pro-choice activists in Alliance for Choice-Derry (AfC-Derry) preferred to invest their time in popular education tactics aimed at the greater public. Why did these activists refuse to lobby politicians, as they have done in the past, and instead mobilise for awareness-raising actions? In this article, I argue that the gender-blindness of the post-conflict consociational settlement in Northern Ireland restricted activists’ opportunity to lobby governments both at Stormont and Westminster. Activists thus shifted their approach to mobilisation: from lobbying to educational tactics; from extending UK’s 1967 Abortion Act to decriminalisation; and from targeting politicians to targeting culture. This analysis of pro-choice activism under the gender-blind, consociational political system in Northern Ireland will shed light on theoretical questions of gendered political structure constraints on feminist actions as well as the development of cultural tactics by a “critical community” during a period of abeyance.

From walking out to walking in: Activist goals, neoliberal constraints, and the discourse of Latino entrepreneurship

First known as an organizer of the 1968 East LA walkouts, Moctesuma Esparza has spent a fifty-year career in the film industry engaging in various types of activism to change the representations and treatment of Latina/os. This article traces his life before and during the Chicano movement (1950s–1970s), the development of Chicano and Latino cinema (1980s–1990s), and the increasing visibility of Latina/o entrepreneurs (1990s–2000s). In addition to offering a historical account of Esparza’s political involvement, this essay contributes to the emerging scholarship on Latina/o entrepreneurs by focusing on Esparza as an entrepreneur in the cultural sector, one whose trajectory offers us a window into wider cultural and economic phenomena. Esparza’s endeavors illuminate the mainstreaming of Chicano politics, and his experiences also offer us an entryway into understanding the discourse of Latino entrepreneurship as a political and cultural tactic and in relation to neoliberalism.

Against Theory: Selected “girlhood” feminist artistic practices in Poland

The mass public protests against introduction of further limitations on women’s reproductive rights in 2016 become important moment for the Polish feminist movement. Yet, the movement’s structure and semiotic reservoir of justifications has visibly changed in the recent years. The young Polish feminism has become more “girlish” than “womanly”. In our paper, we analyze how the “girlhood” artistic practices fit into the renewal of contemporary reflection on the gender roles of women and the Polish feminist movement. We analyzed practices of young Polish artivists, involved in girlhood-feminist collectives, and compared their cultural tactics with those of selfie feminism. The paper focuses on girlhood practices as activities which take place across the individual and collective divide and redefine the public sphere. Demonstrating how these initiatives negotiate the normative cultural system, we present expressions of the girlhood experience and describe its social and structural conditions. We analyze feminist artistic practices as expressible and language-based feminine emancipatory practices, using tools typical of analysis of discourse and, predominantly, linguistic performance.

Effects of Induced Starvation onBagrada hilaris(Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) Survival

Bagrada hilaris (Burmeister) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) is a serious pest of cruciferous crops, including leafy crucifers grown in enclosed greenhouses in the Central Coast of California. These enclosed greenhouses face season-long risk of feeding injury to plantings of cruciferous crops. Understanding the survival ability of B. hilaris would help develop crop-free periods as a cultural tactic for B. hilaris control. A series of trials was conducted with 2nd–3rd and 4th–5th instar nymphs and male and female adults to determine how well they survive when they had full, partial, or no access to food and water sources. The treatments for the experiment were: (a) soil plus food (a piece of broccoli crown); (b) soil plus water; (c) soil-only; and (d) empty (no soil, water, and food). Bagrada hilaris were individually released into 20-ml ventilated scintillation vials that were deployed outside by burying them in the ground with only the ventilated top exposed for multiple days. Results show that B. hilaris survived between 3 and 6 d after deployment without access to food and water. In all experiments, survival of B. hilaris in the food or water treatments was significantly greater than in the soil-only and empty treatments on final day of the trial. Bagrada hilaris in the soil-only treatment had significantly lower number of live B. hilaris than in the empty treatment on the days before the final day of the experiment. The survival of B. hilaris that had access to food was not significantly different from those that had access to water.