Cultural Subordination Research Articles

Czarny ma tylko jeden los. I jest on biały – analiza problemów tożsamościowych społeczeństw afrykańskich w stosunkach międzynarodowych

“BLACK HAS ONLY ONE FATE. AND IT IS WHITE” – AN ANALYSIS OF THE IDENTITY PROBLEMS OF AFRICAN SOCIETIES IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS “Black Skin, White Masks” – the famous work of Franz Fanon is an elaborate analysis of the “Black-White” relationship, with the assumed emancipatory goal of releasing the coloured man from himself. His “black soul” is a white man’s social construct and it is impossible to get rid of it due to economic and political conditions and cultural subordination. Subsequent generations reproduced and/or superseded the problems of colonial subordination in various ways, but there is no doubt that identity attitudes still continue shaping the relationship between post-colonial communities and Western countries. I present the conclusions from Fanon’s reflections against the background of a short introduction to the issue of collective identities and the importance of their analysis for the study of international relations. The research goal of the article is to show how civilisational subordination disrupted the shaping of identity processes in colonised communities at the individual and collective level.

UNVEILING REALIST EXPLANATIONS: MEARSHEIMER'S PERSPECTIVE ON WAR IN UKRAINE

The realist explanations surrounding the origins of Russia's war against Ukraine, specifically John Mearsheimer's assertion of western responsibility, have sparked controversy. Realism, including its more specific offensive sub-school, presents a wide range of contrasting interpretations, depending on the actors studied and the characteristics attributed to them. Similar to classical realism, structural realism is based on underlying assumptions about human nature. To elucidate these assumptions regarding the behavior of states and their leaders, the article explores key components of structural theory, such as power differentials, rational interests, and the perception of states as unified actors. It establishes connections between these concepts and fundamental emotions like fear and anger. The article argues that realists should distinguish between the aspirations of states and the individual leaders' pursuit of power and status. Additionally, the consideration of Russian security concerns may reflect the elite's perceived threat of cultural subordination and Putin's personal apprehension about regime stability. Engaging with realist thought is crucial, not only due to its ongoing influence on policy-making, particularly in Russia, but also to prevent the misappropriation of caricatured versions of realist arguments.

한국사회 내부식민지 발현의 장(場)으로써 수도권 프로야구장

This study attempted to analyze how various discriminate perceptions felt by fans who had be born in local areas but lived in the Metropolitan area, when they visited Jamsil Baseball Statidum and Gocheok Sky Dome located at Seoul is manifested by using the internal colony theory. It conducted in-depth interviews with 9 fans of Lotte, Kia and Hanhwa, who were from local areas and have lived in the Metropolitan area for more than 1 year, from Apr. to Sep., 2022. The findings show that four kinds of discriminate perceptions among seven components of the internal colony theory were manifested. Specifically, first, the subordination provided by the hardware of the stadiums and the economic subordination phenomenon received from home fans from the Metropolitan area in stadiums appear as the factors of the economic subordination. Second, the cultural subordination derived from the difference in elegance between Metropolitan and local teams and the cultural scorn from provincial accents different from those used by home fans in watching games appear as the factors of cultural subordination and scorn. Third, the ‘discrimination’ of high schools located at the Metropolitan area in evaluating the academic backgrounds of fellow athletes visiting baseball stadiums and the concentration of athletes regardless of home and visiting teams were found as national elite monopoly factors.

Critical Han Studies Through the Lens of Internal Colonialism: China, Guangdong, and Hong Kong

When the concept of ‘internal colonialism’ has been applied to China, it has often been focused on the plight of ethnic minorities. The political and cultural subordination of non-Mandarin Han groups, however, has drawn little attention. We argue that critical Han studies, by posing a challenge to the state ideology of Han ethnic unitarism, provides a theoretical arsenal capable of broadening the application of the internal colonialism framework to the study of non-Mandarin Han groups and regions in China. To provide empirical support for our argument, we examine ethno-geographic representation among Chinese political elites. We find an internal heterogeneity and ethnic hierarchy between different Han groups who have integrated into the political ruling class of China, which is dominated by the Mandarins, to various extents: the Wu people of Shanghai and Zhejiang represent the top layer of the hierarchy; the Xiang of Hunan, the Hokkien of Fujian, and the Gan of Jiangxi constitute the intermediate layer; and the Cantonese and the Teochew of Guangdong belong to the bottom layer. These findings provide the basis for our discussion of internal colonization in China with a specific focus on Guangdong and Hong Kong.

Migrants are the city: commentary on “London: diversity and renewal over two millennia” by Anthony Heath and Yaojun Li

ABSTRACT By querying the social connections that underlie Heath’s and Li’s overview of the peopling of London over the millennia, it becomes clear that London was made as people from elsewhere settled, maintained multiple networks of connection and created local forms of sociability. Generations of migrants built London, as those in power extracted wealth from colonies around the world through the African slave trade, theft of land from native peoples, indentured labour from South Asia, and the dispossession and cultural subordination of Irish, Scottish, Welch and English rural classes. To trace the history of London must be to explicate the intertwined processes of racialization, women’s subordination, Orientalism and the cultural hierarchies of difference. As all comprehensive urban histories can do, if they address the relationships between migrants and city making, Heath and Li’s account of London teaches us that underneath politically constructed migrant non-migrant divides, over time migrants become the city.

TOURISM AS A POTENTIAL FOR RESTORATION AND MODERNIZATION OF UKRAINIAN SOCIETY

The subject of research interest in this article is the study of the possibilities of visualization and disclosure of how the interdependence of economic, social, and cultural growth is achieved in tourism. How can the need for priority investments in the tourism industry be substantiated under the condition of state activity, that promotes development, relying on the methodological principles of. How diversification and renewal of types of tourist activity, its locations, and improvement of the relations of administrative, economic, and cultural subordination, can contribute to the restoration of the entire system of social practices. This is especially significant in the era of combating biological threats (Covid pandemic, its consequences) and the continuation of systemic crisis phenomena in the global space of the world economy and geopolitics, the aggravation of the destabilization of public life under the influence of russian military aggression. Therefore, revealing the stated topic of the of the article, it is essential to pay attention to the following issues: 1) mutually beneficial cooperation of the regions and the center in the comprehensive restoration and growth of the country's capabilities through the use of tourism practices; 2) the issue of modern interpretation of efficiency as optimization of interactions of various social actors and structures, taking into account the field of tourism; 3) peculiarities of activities in the tourism sphere as a unifying factor for various industries and social actors. The article is focused on researching the issues of how the foresight of the opportunities of the tourism industry appears, when there is a synergy of dangers in a state that is experiencing challenges and the need for transformations. Emphasis is placed on the market for the effective development of rules and mechanisms of social interaction, as institutional support for the functioning of every sphere of society, particularly tourism. New opportunities for its deployment in the context of granting Ukraine the status of a candidate for EU accession are outlined.

Offensive ideas: structural realism, classical realism and Putin's war on Ukraine

Abstract Controversy has surrounded realist explanations of the causes of Russia's war against Ukraine, particularly John Mearsheimer's charge of western responsibility. This article seeks to clarify and contextualize his argument, situating it within the broader paradigm. Realism, and even its narrower offensive sub-school, offers a wide range of contrasting interpretations, depending on which major actors are studied and what characteristics they are endowed with. Like its classical predecessor, structural realism is premised on implicit views of human nature. In an effort to explicate some of these assumptions about the behavioural micro-foundations of states and their leaders, the article investigates main components of structural theory—including power differentials, ‘rational’ interests and states as unitary actors—and connects these concepts to base emotions like fear and anger. It argues that realists do well to differentiate between the aspirations of states and individual leaders' quest for power and status. In the same vein, reference to Russian security concerns may be emblematic of elites' perceived challenges of cultural subordination, and Putin's personal fears for the stability of his regime. Engagement with realist thought is essential, in part because of its continuing influence on policy-making (particularly in Russia) and in order to forestall improper co-option of caricaturized versions of realist arguments.

Debating (Post-)Coloniality in Southeast Europe: A Minority Oriented Perspective in Bulgaria

Despite the fact that its scholarly application has been considered highly problematic in the former Eastern Bloc and barely employed due to the Marxist background, post-colonialism has been recently introduced by a large number of scholars and academics. Yet, theoretical experiments, research, and projection of post-colonialism in Central and Eastern Europe have come to compose an abundant field of reference. Drawing on this theoretical approach, this paper aims to debate the category of post-coloniality in postcommunist Bulgaria in order to better venture the parapet of the post-1989 transition. Employing a ‘minority perspective’, which will reveal minority positionality in the contemporary Bulgarian cultural and political ground, this paper traces potential power actions of (dis)possession of knowledge among subaltern groups, which actions continue to negate, disavow, distort, and deny access to different forms of minority cultures and life visions represented by non-majoritarian segments of the Bulgarian society. In general, this paper digs into the historical experience of the ethnic Turks and Muslim minority groups in Bulgaria prior to the communist experience, throughout and after the collapse of communism, and in the contemporary Republic of Bulgaria. In particular, post-coloniality – understood in terms of ‘coloniality of being’ – shall offer a better and critical angle of investigation over the issues of human marginalisation, cultural subordination, and knowledge exploitation in Bulgaria and Southeast Europe.

Living on the Margin:

This article uncovers the hidden stepdaughter’s odyssey to Black African Feminism against the backdrop of Kigandan subservient womanhood and Euro-Canadian racism. The first section recounts early childhood experiences of an othered stepchild, followed by teenage anti-misogynist resistance to structural second-class citizenship in a majoritized boy’s school. Subsequent sections narratively capture the lived experiences of transitioning to racialized and subjugated Black womanhood in Germany and Canada, and the becoming of a proud Black African Anti-racist Feminist. Using personal photographs in the narratives makes the experience more present while the Luganda proverbs call forth the uniqueness of an African experience. This article uncovers different strategies of how a young Black African female combats multiple layers of Kigandan cultural subordination and systemic racism in order to excel as a professional immigration consultant and emerging anti-racism and Black feminism scholar.

Uma longa história de exclusão social: a representação discursiva da pobreza no noticiário do jornalismo impresso paulista

Circunscrito ao quadro teórico da Análise Crítica do Discurso, o objetivo central desta pesquisa é o de analisar e descrever o noticiário publicado na grande mídia impressa paulista no decorrer dos séculos XIX, XX e XXI acerca de determinados grupos marginalizados socialmente, aqui entendidos enquanto segmentos pauperizados pela precária inserção e/ou exclusão do mercado de trabalho, e que assim se encontram em situação de subordinação socioeconômica, política e/ou cultural em relação a outro grupo, majoritário e dominante. Objetivamos, com essa análise, apresentar uma proposta capaz de suprir uma lacuna sistematicamente não preenchida na ACD, relacionada ao fato de se assumir a “mudança discursiva em relação à mudança social e cultural” (FAIRCLOUGH, 2001a, p. 126) como “foco e preocupação primeira da Análise Crítica do Discurso” (FAIRCLOUGH, 2001 b, p. 28) e, paradoxalmente, mediante uma análise mais detida da bibliografia disponível, constatar-se a primazia absoluta de pesquisas centradas no eixo da sincronia. Considerando que esses veículos de comunicação sempre estiveram sob o controle das classes dominantes, encontramos, nesse noticiário, um preconceito de base, em consonância com a própria ideologia vigente nesses grupos, materializado mediante diversos procedimentos discursivos (contemporaneamente camuflados, em contraposição aos períodos anteriores) que buscam o estabelecimento de determinados consensos hegemônicos e a manutenção do status quo. O material será extraído dos jornais Correio Paulistano e Folha de S. Paulo, selecionado a partir de recortes históricos operados em sintonia com os objetivos gerais da pesquisa.

ФУНКЦИЈА И ЗНАЧЕЊЕ ФЕМИНИНОСТИ У ДРАМАМА МАСКА, ВУЧЈАК И ПРОЛЕЋЕ СЕ ВРАЋА

У раду ће бити размотрени модуси функционисања фемининости у трима драмама: Маски Милоша Црњанског, Крлежином Вучјаку и драми Пролеће се враћа Душана Васиљева. Време настанка ових драма обележено је зачецима промене односа у патријархално устројеним друштвеним структурама, што се манифестује и у авангардним покретима, које одликује полемички став спрам свих формално и неформално утврђених институционализованих категорија, стога и отвореност ка демаргинализовању феминине позиције. Иако се веома разликују по својим формалним карактеристикама, ове драме повезане су на тематском плану – на афирмативан начин тематизују проблем „бивања женом“ у контексту ригидности патријархата. Испитивањем различитих репрезентација фемининог – кроз феноменологију двојништва, аспекат женске телесности и заузимање „мушке“ позиције – показује се да анализа ових драма може бити веома инспиративна за истраживање формирања слике женског у култури и друштву.

Globalization and its implications for the sovereignty of the State

The term globalization was commonly used in the last decade of the 20th century, especially at the end of the Cold War, the resulting collapse of the Soviet Union and the socialist camp, as well as the absence of ideological competition. Structural changes in the international environment were the opening of political borders and the unilateralization of the United States The United States as a superpower, which led to the reformulation of its policies towards the countries of the world in such a way that devotes the political, economic and cultural subordination of these countries.

Palestinian education in the Israeli settler state: divide, rule and control

ABSTRACTThis paper situates the Israeli public educational system in the broader context of colonizing educational systems and explores the avenues through which it serves the Jewish settler-state project and establishes a colonial educational hegemony. Public education in Israel is legally mandated to promote the values of Jewish culture and loyalty to the Jewish state. Furthermore, its policy and content systematically instill racially derogatory attitudes toward the Palestinian citizens of Israel among Jewish students, as a basis for fostering and perpetuating the deep-seated societal division between Jews and Palestinians. In addition, the public educational system effectively maintains the cultural, socioeconomic and political subordination of Palestinian students through the substandard and discriminatory provision of resources, programs and services and the imposition of aims, goals and curricula that alienate Palestinian students. Consequently, their levels of educational achievement are lower than that of their Jewish counterparts. As such, the Israeli public educational system plays an essential role in consigning Palestinian citizens to the social, economic and political margins of society. The Israeli educational system is designed to control both the Palestinian Arab minority and Jewish majority and to maintain an unbridgeable divide – in support of the Zionist settler state vision.

Nasionalisme Kulit Putih: Ernest Douwes Dekker Malaikat Pemberani

The problem in this research is how the form of nationalism of Indo Ernest Douwes Dekker to fight for equality between all layers with the Europeans. Through the tortuous struggle undergo various disposal has spawned a sense of nationalism as the basis of pinjakan for Indonesia Merdeka. The purpose of the study was to find out how Ernest Douwes Dekker's nationalism fought to achieve equality between European white people and indigenous peoples and Indo. The method used in this study using the method of History (historical method). The steps used in this study, which is first is to collect the source (heuristic), the second is the source or verification criticism, the third step is the interpretation, the fourth step historiografi reconstruction (writing) history. The results show that: Douwes Dekker is a descendant of the Netherlands. His concern for the colonial nation's oppression of the Natives tapped his conscience to fight for the Indo (The Dutch) Natives of all discrimination. The real step taken by Douwes Dekker to voice his aspirations is to establish a political party or known as Indische Partij. Tjipto is known to oppose a deeply rooted feudal system, while Soewardi who is a member of the Pakualaman kingdom rejects cultural subordination under Western imperialism. The three of them combined into a triad to oppose colonialism through its political party. The twists and turns of his struggle so that all three of them are dumped. The result of this triad effort has led to the roots of nationalism to fight for Indonesian independence.

Social and political determinants of health equity of Palestinians in Jerusalem: a qualitative assessment

BackgroundEast Jerusalem was occupied in 1967, and the Palestinian people living there made permanent residents and became separated from those living in the West Bank. In a qualitative assessment we sought to understand the social and political determinants of health equity for this population in East Jerusalem. MethodsWe reviewed the scientific literature into health disparities and social determinants in Jerusalem and comparative studies between Israeli Jews and Palestinians, whether Israeli citizens, residents, or people living in the remaining part of the occupied Palestinian territory. Our review was limited to English-language articles published after 2000. 682 results were scanned and 117 articles reviewed. We did semistructured interviews with 15 key health policymakers or experts from Palestinian, Israeli, and other international stakeholder groups. Data were recorded, transcribed, coded, organised into themes, and analysed with Rifkin's CHOICE framework that links human rights, empowerment, and health equity. FindingsFew health studies examined Palestinians living in Jerusalem as a distinct population group; official data was representative of Jerusalem's annexed status. In the reviewed literature, research methods showed little participation by Palestinians, the lack of an appropriate reference group, selection bias in data sets, and survey methods that were not adapted to the studied population. Health differences between populations in Israel were attributed to differences in culture, ethnic origin, sex, or lifestyle, with little discussion of underlying social determinants. Well documented social and political restrictions on Palestinians in Jerusalem and life-course analyses were absent from health research. Key informant narratives transcended sociopolitical identities and showed differences in ideological or value systems. Informants recognised that Palestinians have poor social determinants, but had different perspectives about the causes of the causes of health inequalities. 14 of 15 key informants offered insight into Palestinian experience in Jerusalem, including perceptions of discriminatory demographic and planning laws, exclusionary policies, imposed language and health system, and social and labour integration inequities. InterpretationOur results were consistent with evidence in scientific literature that structural barriers, cultural subordination, and hostile state values adversely affect health of minority populations. Palestinians in East Jerusalem might perceive exclusionary national policies, which inequitably distribute social determinants, create structural barriers to equity, and hinder Palestinian development and free choice, to adversely affect their health and wellbeing. FundingNone.

Lucha interior/imagen exterior: Escindido discurso teatral feminista en La colección de relojes de Renée Ferrer y Casa de muñecas de Henrik Johan Ibsen

Paraguayan author Renee Ferrer and Norwegian dramatist Henrik Ibsen are among the first writers to depict the rise of feminist consciousness in their respective countries. In Ibsen’s A Doll’s House (1879), the heroine’s restrictive economic and domestic role nearly destroys her sanity and shatters her marriage and its appearance of perfect bliss. Her distress is framed in the play’s suspenseful action and precise conversational speech, characteristic of nineteenth-century realist drama. La coleccion de relojes (2001), Renee Ferrer’s one-act play, takes place within the context of Alfredo Stroessner’s (1954–1989) repressive regime. Splintered interior monologues, the dramatic text’s predominant discourse, reflect the protagonist’s cultural subordination and anguished dependence on a loveless marriage. In contrast, her connection to plastic arts and music provides support in her continued struggle for emancipation. Basing my argument on the premise that sixteenth-century Spanish conduct manuals—models of age-old control mechanisms—produce compliant female bodies obedient to patriarchal norms, I maintain that the historical bias under which women have lived continues to affect their freedom. Women continue to suffer under largely invisible mental constructs and traditions originally designed to prevent them from holding public positions and keep them enclosed in the domestic sphere.

`elyôn como hipóstase de Ahura Mazda – uma leitura de Dt 32,8-9

<p>O artigo postula a hipótese de ler Dt 32,8-9 como narrativa politeísta e monolátrica, pós-exílica, escrita em contexto de subordinação político-cultural à hegemonia persa, de cujo império depende inegociavelmente a restauração e a preservação de Judá. Em contexto imperialista persa, a redação de Dt 32,1-43 responderia pela caracterização <em>sui generis</em> da teologia do texto: a despeito da teologia monolátrica plasmada na passagem e do horror manifestado diante da ideia de a nação de Yahweh cultuar outros deuses, a composição se vê obrigada a assumir a tese de que a exclusiva propriedade de Judá por parte de Yahweh deve-se a uma determinação de <em>`elyôn</em>, que se interpreta, então, como hipóstase de Ahura Mazda e que, em termos geopolíticos, encarna o próprio Império Persa. Assume-se, portanto, tratar-se Dt 32,8-9 da passagem político-teológica de legitimação do sistema político-teológico judaíta, à luz do sistema geopolítico persa.</p>

Theorising the interaction of caste, class and gender

In the context of the rise of feminist scholarship exploring links between caste, class and gender, the particular concern of this article is with developing a sociological framework that would help locate gendered power relations and women’s oppression within the structures of caste and class domination, inequality and social stratification. While a politics of difference is indispensable to highlight the differential axes and experiences of oppression, a critical sociological understanding of social relations that make for structural differences and commonalities needs to be built up in order to grapple with a complex and rapidly changing social reality. Drawing from multiple critical perspectives to create a conceptual synthesis and taking a structural approach to ‘difference’, the article develops the contours of a critical feminist sociological framework grounded in theories of production relations and cultural subordination that may be useful to explore the complex and dynamic interconnections between caste, class and patriarchy. It also attempts to understand aspects of caste–class-specific gender relations and patriarchal forms as well as account for key differences and divisions between women. The article argues that by providing a contextualised, interactional understanding of differential social relations and differential social locations of both women and men, feminist sociology can make a new and distinct contribution to the systematic and systemic study of, as well as illuminate more fully, the workings of societal systems of domination–subordination.

Imágenes de la mujer en la Política Nacional de Salud Sexual y Reproductiva de Colombia, 2003 – 2006

In institutions, laws and policy in cultural subordination, so that the hierarchical re- lation is linked to reproduction. Colombia's Sexual and Reproductive Health Policy, 2003-2006, based on the imaginary association between woman and the mother, although seeking in principle to contrib- ute to changes in women's status, clashes against the symbolic barrier that prevents understanding of and attention to women's problems, tending to view them only as mothers and caregivers for future generations. This paper aims to contribute to make these barriers visible by analyzing the origin of these images and centering the discussion on prob- lems affecting women as subjects of rights and not merely as mothers.

Ferros-velhos e utensílios: conceitos gramscianos nos estudos literários e culturais

Noting the importance that the concept of subalternity has acquired in the Brazilian literary studies, we indicate the origin of the term in Gramsci, its connection to the British cultural and Indian postcolonial studies, as well as its reflection in the Latin-American thought. Considering the geopolitical position of Antonio Gramsci, we recover the concepts of hegemony, cultural organization, organic intellectual and intellectual subordination, showing the usefulness of this theoretical instrumental to the Brazilian literary studies. From this point of view, we point to the validity of Darcy Ribeiro’s idea of “historical actualization”, connecting it to Roberto Schwarz’s conclusion about the continuous interruption of our critic thinking in favor of theoretical waves arriving from global centers. To show the applicability of Gramscian theory, we identify in Aluisio Azevedo’s O mulato an example of cultural subordination of the periphery to the center, indicating the gap between the progressive ideal that underpins the novel and the reality to which that ideal serves as an interpretive filter.