Preservation Of Cultural Resources Research Articles

수도권 신도시의 자족용지 계획요소 중요도 분석 연구

The purpose of this study is to derive planning factors necessary for planning self-sufficient land in the new town of the seoul metropolitan area and analyze the importance of each planning factor to suggest ways to revitalize the creation and supply of self-sufficient land. Through prior research and theoretical consideration, a total of 24 self-sufficient land planning factors were derived after conducting a Focus Group Interview(FGI) by dividing planning factors that can be considered in self-sufficient land planning by large, middle, and small classes. After that, a survey was conducted on experts working in real estate-related fields and a Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) was conducted to analyze the relative importance and priority of planning factors. In the large class, 'economic factor' was analyzed as the most important planning factor, and 'cultural and environmental factor' was found to be the least important. In the middle class, ‘company and win-win strategy’ was analyzed as the most important planning factor, and ‘supply method flexibility’ was found to be the least important. In the small class, ‘accessibility to park green areas within the walking area’ was analyzed as the most important planning factor, and ‘preservation of cultural resources and cultural landscape’ was found to be the least important. Looking at the overall importance, ‘change in the number of companies and jobs’ was analyzed as the most important planning factor, and ‘diversity of park facility planning’ was found to be the least important. This study analyzed the importance of self-sufficient land by planning factor for public institution workers, but if the scope of the study is expanded to evaluate the applicability of private company workers and the third new town, statistically meaningful research results are expected to continue.

Plan the work, work the plan: An introduction to the National Park Service Climate, Science, and Disaster Response Program

The climate crisis poses significant and unprecedent threats to the resources stewarded by the National Park Service (NPS). Some impacts are already apparent, while understanding of other outcomes is still developing. While the rate and magnitude of climate change ultimately depends on worldwide management of greenhouse gas emissions, resource managers today face choices about what actions to take, despite the uncertainty. To support the mission of NPS and its cultural resource preservation goals, the Climate, Science, and Disaster Response (CSDR) Program has been developed to explore climate impacts, provide cultural resource expertise, and expand and accelerate initiatives related to cultural resources and climate change adaptation. Here we introduce the construct of the CSDR program, share the components of the program’s 2022–2025 Action Plan, and highlight initial activities.

Cultural heritage tourism in North Cyprus: findings from in-depth interviews with experts

PurposeHeritage tourism is vital to the preservation of cultural resources and economic growth and tourism can be utilized to protect and promote cultural heritage. However, if cultural heritage tourism is not developed following sustainable development principles, it can negatively affect a region's cultural legacy. This study aims to analyze expert opinion on sustainable heritage tourism in the geographical setting of North Cyprus.Design/methodology/approachA qualitative method was used to conduct in-depth semi-structured face-to-face interviews with seven heritage tourism experts in North Cyprus. Theme analysis of the transcripts was undertaken and triangulated utilizing the automated content and thematic analysis capabilities of the Leximancer software program.FindingsThe analysis revealed six themes in descriptions of sustainable cultural heritage tourism provided by the experts. These are “history”; “promotion”; “institutions”; “protection and maintenance”; “museums” and “technology”.Originality/valueThis is one of the first studies to analyze the key aspects affecting the long-term viability of cultural heritage tourism in North Cyprus.

Building Cultural Heritage Resilience through Remote Sensing: An Integrated Approach Using Multi-Temporal Site Monitoring, Datafication, and Web-GL Visualization

In the American West, wildfires and earthquakes are increasingly threatening the archaeological, historical, and tribal resources that define the collective identity and connection with the past for millions of Americans. The loss of said resources diminishes societal understanding of the role cultural heritage plays in shaping our present and future. This paper examines the viability of employing stationary and SLAM-based terrestrial laser scanning, close-range photogrammetry, automated surface change detection, GIS, and WebGL visualization techniques to enhance the preservation of cultural resources in California. Our datafication approach combines multi-temporal remote sensing monitoring of historic features with legacy data and collaborative visualization to document and evaluate how environmental threats affect built heritage. We tested our methodology in response to recent environmental threats from wildfire and earthquakes at Bodie, an iconic Gold Rush-era boom town located on the California and Nevada border. Our multi-scale results show that the proposed approach effectively integrates highly accurate 3D snapshots of Bodie’s historic buildings before/after disturbance, or post-restoration, with surface change detection and online collaborative visualization of 3D geospatial data to monitor and preserve important cultural resources at the site. This study concludes that the proposed workflow enhances the monitoring of at-risk California’s cultural heritage and makes a call to action to employ remote sensing as a pathway to advanced planning.

Predicting wildfire impacts on the prehistoric archaeological record of the Jemez Mountains, New Mexico, USA

BackgroundWildfires of uncharacteristic severity, a consequence of climate changes and accumulated fuels, can cause amplified or novel impacts to archaeological resources. The archaeological record includes physical features associated with human activity; these exist within ecological landscapes and provide a unique long-term perspective on human–environment interactions. The potential for fire-caused damage to archaeological materials is of major concern because these resources are irreplaceable and non-renewable, have social or religious significance for living peoples, and are protected by an extensive body of legislation. Although previous studies have modeled ecological burn severity as a function of environmental setting and climate, the fidelity of these variables as predictors of archaeological fire effects has not been evaluated. This study, focused on prehistoric archaeological sites in a fire-prone and archaeologically rich landscape in the Jemez Mountains of New Mexico, USA, identified the environmental and climate variables that best predict observed fire severity and fire effects to archaeological features and artifacts.ResultsMachine learning models (Random Forest) indicate that topography and variables related to pre-fire weather and fuel condition are important predictors of fire effects and severity at archaeological sites. Fire effects were more likely to be present when fire-season weather was warmer and drier than average and within sites located in sloped, treed settings. Topographic predictors were highly important for distinguishing unburned, moderate, and high site burn severity as classified in post-fire archaeological assessments. High-severity impacts were more likely at archaeological sites with southern orientation or on warmer, steeper, slopes with less accumulated surface moisture, likely associated with lower fuel moistures and high potential for spreading fire.ConclusionsModels for predicting where and when fires may negatively affect the archaeological record can be used to prioritize fuel treatments, inform fire management plans, and guide post-fire rehabilitation efforts, thus aiding in cultural resource preservation.

Belief and Fracture: Changes in the Religious Realms of Mountain Villages and Village Worship

<p>嘉義縣民雄鄉山中村1（舊稱牛斗山或牛稠山），因牛稠溪域流經村莊而得此名，早期是全鄉人口最大村。山中村宗教信仰普遍為民間信仰，村莊主廟為廣濟宮，以奉祀池府王爺、媽祖、鄭成功為主，但村莊發展及信仰主體係圍繞池府王爺。本文採用文獻分析、田野調查及立意取樣後進行深度訪談，以探討山中村祭祀圈之形成，以及村民如何理解不同神靈之內涵，進而有助於山中村之社區發展與文化資源保存。</p> <p>藉由祭祀圈概念切入，以理解山中村社區各神靈祭祀圈的範圍與分布，進而探討地方社區信仰中心發展，與山中村民對不同神靈認知及意義之解讀。經研究發現：（一）隨著人口增加及集居地擴大，主廟的祭祀圈變大；由於廟務活動增加，牛斗山土地公廟的祭祀圈擴大；五營中的東、西兩營，未隨著社區的新增而往外遷移，因此祭祀圈無明顯變化。（二）山中村神靈祭祀圈的分布，「五營」與居民輪祀居住的地理範圍有關，原具有分群概念的輪祀傳統逐漸模糊：老者對此模糊；中年人認知些許；青年則不明白為何奉祀，宗教信仰傳承出現斷層的可能。（三）山中村民對不同祭祀圈神靈解讀有所異同，普遍難闡述神靈的由來及背景，較理解者屬老年人；其次為中年人；青年人則對神靈認知不清楚。（四）不同祭祀圈神靈意義與山中村民早期生活環境較有其關聯性，老年人多數提及身體健康及平安；中年人求財運、事業；青年人求課業順利。據此，就結論提出建議以供參考。</p> <p> </p><p>Shanzhong Village (formerly known as Niudou Mountain or Niuhou Mountain) in Minxiong Township, Chiayi County, got its name because the Niuhou Stream passed through the village. In the early days, it was the village with the largest population in the township. For the Guangji Palace, it is mainly dedicated to the worship of Lord Chifu, Mazu and Zheng Chenggong (Cheng Ch’eng-Kung), but the village development and belief system surrounds Lord Chifu. This paper uses literature analysis, field investigations, and intentional sampling to conduct in-depth interviews to discuss the formation of the mountain village sacrificial circle and how the villagers understand the connotation of different gods, which can help the community development and cultural resource preservation of the mountain village. </p> <p> Through research, the concept of the religious field was cut in to understand the scope and distribution of the religious fields of the various deities in the Shanzhong Village community, and to discuss the development of local community faith centers and the understanding and meaning interpretation of the different deities of the Shanzhong villagers. The research found: (1) The religious realms become bigger because the population of village was increased；on the other side, Shanshang Viallage’s religious realms become wilder due to the increase of temple actives. However, for the "five camps", the east and west side of the deities’s emissary did not extend so the Religious Realms can not protect the new village, (2) The distribution of the spiritual field in the Shanzhong village, the ""five camps"" are more closely related to the geographical scope of the residents’ rotation worship. The tradition of rotation worship with the concept of grouping is gradually blurring, and the old people are blurring; Understand why there is a possibility that there is a fault in the inheritance of religious beliefs; (3) Villagers in the mountains have different interpretations of deities in different religious fields, and it is generally difficult to understand the origin and background of deities, older than those who understand; older than middle-aged; more young Unrecognizable to the gods; (4) The significance of the gods in different religious fields is more related to the early life environment of the villagers in the mountains. The elderly have significant health and safety; the middle-aged people seek wealth and career; the young people seek smooth schooling .Then refer to the above research results to make research suggestions.</p> <p> </p>

Application of Taiwan’s Human Rights-Themed Cultural Assets and Spatial Information

Cultural assets preserve the traces of people’s life history around the world. With an understanding of the historical context and meaning of cultural assets, people would cherish their value and then adopt appropriate cultural resource preservation strategies. Human rights as the universal value refer to the inalienable and basic rights of human beings. This article uses the National Cultural Assets Network to query Taiwan’s human rights-themed cultural assets, and I apply the spatial information technology of the DocuSky digital humanities academic research platform to draw the maps with GIS and visualization tools. Also, I apply spatial information to the academic research of human rights-themed cultural assets, aiming to deepen local cultural identity and unveiling that human studies influence spatial practice. Tourism is an important experience economy. Based on the value of Taiwan’s human rights-themed cultural assets, I plan to guide the human rights journey in Taipei to share Taiwan’s experience of happiness with the world, as well.

Learning from Tribal Innovations: Lessons in Climate Change Adaptation

The threat of climate change is real and has the capacity to impact every American in some way. Yet, despite this threat, the federal government is currently doing nothing to either mitigate or adapt to the impacts of climate change. Within this leadership void, other sovereigns, such as states, are stepping up to address the plague that is climate change. Although the vast amount of literature focuses on the efforts of states to address climate change, they are not the only sovereigns who are working to address the negative impacts of climate change in the vacuum left by the federal government. As demonstrated by this Article, tribal governments have also emerged as innovators in this area. This Article fills the scholarly void by demonstrating that, despite the fact that tribes are not part of the federalist system, they are still capable of regulatory innovation that may prove helpful to other sovereigns, such as other tribes, states, and the federal government. The Article examines what steps tribes are taking related to climate change adaptation and mitigation. This examination results in a wealth of information related to tribal regulations, in addition to helpful themes and patterns. This in and of itself is valuable to other sovereigns – tribes are enacting regulations related to climate change mitigation and adaptation, and, as a result, other sovereigns may learn from these tribal “experiments.” The Article goes on to demonstrate, however, that tribal climate change adaptation planning is truly innovative in some notable ways when compared to state climate change adaptation planning. First, the inclusion of traditional ecological knowledge in tribal climate change adaptation plans is truly unique to tribes and incorporation of such knowledge can prove quite beneficial to effective adaptation planning. Traditional adaptation and mitigation strategies promote methods of community resiliency that are effective, utilize years of ecological knowledge, and are more cost-effective than alternative solutions. Tribes also involve their communities in their plans, unlike most states, by surveying and involving community members in the adaptation implementation phase. Furthermore, tribal adaptation plans stand out from plans created by states by promoting the preservation of cultural resources. In this regard, other sovereigns would do well to learn from these tribal innovations, as tribes are providing valuable paths forward in the effort to develop effective climate change adaptation measures. This Article is therefore truly groundbreaking in that it is the first to survey tribal climate change adaptation since 2015 and in that it demonstrates tribal innovations that are potentially of great value to other sovereigns engaged in this work.

Institutional and Conceptual Barriers to Climate Change Adaptation for Coastal Cultural Heritage

Climate change is increasing the speed at which tangible coastal cultural heritage is changing in character or being lost through weathering, erosion, and inundation. Damages to coastal archeological sites, loss of access to historical sites, and the alteration of cultural landscapes will force changes in the way researchers can study sites, tourists can enjoy places, and descendant communities who have lived in particular areas for time immemorial, and local community members can utilize and relate to landscapes. In the USA, the National Park Service is a primary coastal cultural resource management organization. The National Park Service has been working on climate change adaptation for cultural resources for over a decade; however, there are few examples of parks in which long range climate change adaptation plans for cultural resources have been implemented. Building from 20 semi-structured interviews with cultural resource managers in three parks, we found that institutional structures within the National Park Service, as well as historical conceptual framings specific to the research, recreational, and interpretive values of cultural resources act as barriers to managers’ ability to design and implement climate change adaptation plans. Institutional barriers managers discussed include the dependence of climate change adaptation decisions partnership projects and the leveraging of budgetary and staff resources within NPS that may affect climate change adaptation capacity. We found that park managers often saw impacts in parks that may be associated with climate change, but found it difficult to separate normal maintenance from climate change affected deterioration, which may lead to status quo management actions rather than revised planning for a changing future regime. Conceptual barriers managers discussed revealed a conflict between preservation needs of research versus interpretive uses and while NPS guidance recommends prioritization of cultural resources for preservation at the park level, regional managers were more focused on this topic than park managers. As NPS moves forward with climate change adaptation planning, opportunities to develop and improve cultural resource preservation with new technologies, improved prioritization schemes, and include public input in resource preservation may help coastal managers overcome these barriers.

A Statute Without Teeth: Is a Private Right of Action in the National Historic Preservation Act Necessary for Meaningful Cultural Resource Protection?

The National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) is the foundation of federal historic preservation. However, the viability of the NHPA as a vehicle for the enforcement of cultural resource preservation was significantly curtailed by the 9th Circuit’s holding in San Carlos Apache Tribe v. United States. In San Carlos, the 9th Circuit split from the 3rd and 5th Circuits and determined that the NHPA did not provide a private right of action. This article provides a historical overview of the NHPA and juxtaposes its construction to that of other prominent environmental and cultural resources laws. Further, it examines the relevant Supreme Court jurisprudence used in determining the existence, either explicit or implied, of a private right of action in federal statutes. Finally, in light of San Carlos, it considers the value of a private right of action to effectuate the purpose of the NHPA.

Monitoring cultural landscapes from space: Evaluating archaeological sites in the Basin of Mexico using very high resolution satellite imagery

Satellite data allow archaeologists to not only identify archaeological sites and features but to monitor them in relation to contemporary landscape changes. This article pursues this goal by assessing the contemporary conditions of archaeological sites originally recorded over 40years ago in the northern Basin of Mexico. We examine archaeological site locations and 1970s land-use data recorded by surveyors against contemporary land-use information observable in very high resolution (VHR) GeoEye-1 multi-spectral satellite imagery. Our results demonstrate continuity in the types of land classes within which sites existed during the 1970s and today, but they also show significant changes with potentially negative impacts on the preservation of cultural resources. Most sites in agro-pastoral lands over 40years ago remain in agro-pastoral land. However, the expansion of modern settlements due to population growth and changing property laws has encroached on archaeological sites. Technological intensification of agricultural practices (i.e., tractors) can impact site preservation even if the landuse category remained unchanged. This article also discusses the potential impact that different settlement types, depositional environments, and looting can have on cultural resources and outlines key areas of future research requiring the integration of remote sensing and archaeological fieldwork.

Alluvial fan surfaces and an age-related stability for cultural resource preservation: Nevada Test and Training Range, Nellis Air Force Base, Nevada, USA

Surface geomorphology studies, measurements of cosmogenic 10Be concentrations, and satellite imagery analysis are employed to construct a surface stability model for the preservation of archeological features in Stonewall Flat, Nevada, USA. Primary fan processes of incised channel floods and sheet floods construct alluvial fans and secondary processes of sheetwash, eolian erosion and deposition, bioturbation, and soil development subsequently modify fan surfaces. Each process leaves distinctive surface features, but collectively darkens and smooth's the surface with age. Concentrations of cosmogenic 10Be in surface and subsurface samples for fans with recently active surfaces have effectively zero ages, whereas concentrations for fans with mature pavements have ages of 35 to 40thousandyears (ka). Surface age data from other Stonewall Flat studies indicate that fans in transition from primary process to secondary process domination are younger than 13ka, and that older fan surfaces are dominated by secondary processes. Image analysis demonstrates a correlation between fan surface darkening and age, and permits age estimations for undated surfaces. Results indicate that surfaces dominated by primary processes are younger than 3ka and unstable for the preservation of older sites; surfaces dominated by secondary processes are older than 10ka and stable for site preservation.

Cultural Resources Priority Area Planning in Sub-Mogollon Arizona and New Mexico

AbstractRegional planning is an essential element of comprehensive archaeological management programs. Most regional planning efforts in archaeology focus on predictive modeling to distinguish areas based on the likelihood of encountering archaeological resources. We discuss a complementary approach that uses known sites and expert opinion to identify spatially explicit cultural resource preservation priorities. Loosely analogous to biodiversity conservation planning, priority cultural resource assessments provide an evolving vision of an archaeological reserve network which, if managed appropriately, could protect a significant part of our cultural heritage. We outline an efficient approach to identifying spatially explicit Priority Areas within portions of Arizona and New Mexico. This information complements assessments of individual site eligibility for purposes of listing on the National Register of Historic Places by providing an added layer of regionally contextualized information at larger geographic scales. By establishing priorities, this information can also enhance cultural resource considerations in local, state, and federal land use planning. While our consideration of significance is based on the potential information content of the resource, we argue that this planning process can easily incorporate other cultural resource values and help to address preservation actions in support of this broader set of values.

Microbial deterioration of historic stone

Environmental science has traditionally focused on conservation of natural resources. However, there is a second, little known, branch of environmental science that deals with the conservation of cultural resources. Many historic stone structures, archeological sites, and objects are at risk, and in need of protection, as a result of physical, chemical, and biological weathering. Because these structures are often large and located outdoors, they pose particular conservation challenges that require collaborative efforts between conservators and scientists. Historic stone supports large and diverse communities of microorganisms that colonize both the stone surface and the porous interior. In many cases, microbial processes have been implicated in the deterioration of the stone. The study of the role of microorganisms in this process is in its infancy, but recent findings have important implications for the preservation of cultural resources and for our understanding of weathering in natural systems.

Integrating the Preservation of Cultural Resources with Remediation of Hazardous Materials: An Assessment of Superfund's Record

The Public Historian, Vol. 23, No. 2, pp. 47–61 (Spring 2001). ISSN: 0272-3433 © 2001 by the Regents of the University of California and the National Council on Public History. All rights reserved. Send requests for permission to reprint to Rights and Permissions, University of California Press, 2000 Center St., Ste. 303, Berkeley, CA 94704-1223. Integrating the Preservation of Cultural Resources with Remediation of Hazardous Materials: An Assessment of Superfund’s Record

Integrating the Preservation of Cultural Resources with Remediation of Hazardous Materials: An Assessment of Superfund's Record

Research Article| May 01 2001 Integrating the Preservation of Cultural Resources with Remediation of Hazardous Materials: An Assessment of Superfund's Record Fredric L. Quivik Fredric L. Quivik Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar The Public Historian (2001) 23 (2): 47–61. https://doi.org/10.1525/tph.2001.23.2.47 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Fredric L. Quivik; Integrating the Preservation of Cultural Resources with Remediation of Hazardous Materials: An Assessment of Superfund's Record. The Public Historian 1 May 2001; 23 (2): 47–61. doi: https://doi.org/10.1525/tph.2001.23.2.47 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentThe Public Historian Search Keywords: preservation, federal government This content is only available via PDF. © National Council for Public History Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

Landmark and Landscape: A Contextual Approach to the Management of American Indian Resources

Raising the possibility that two historically polarized factions—American Indians and the U.S. government—may come to join forces in the conservation of natural and cultural resources appears at once Utopian. Similarly, the proposition that anthropology could lend valuable insights to resource management seems at odds with the current of contempt that permeates interactions between American Indians and Western social scientists. Yet, present government emphasis on natural resource conservation and stewardship and increased anthropological awareness of the importance of native concerns and categories regarding cultural resource preservation (e.g., Carmichael et al. 1994; Doll 1994; Reeves and Kennedy 1993; Stoffle and Evans 1990; Stoffle, Halmo, and Austin 1997) can lead to the implementation of management strategies that address the needs of all interested parties. Management of natural resources in a broader context, too, should benefit from strategies based on systematic research and detailed knowledge about traditional views of land and resource use.

The Participation of Sahaptin-Speaking Native Americans in the Hanford Site Cultural Resource Management Plan

This paper describes the role of the Sahaptin-speaking Native Americans in the Cultural Resources Management Plan (CRMP) at the Department of Energy's famous Hanford Site in the State of Washington. The Site contains federal and civilian nuclear reactors, nuclear waste sites and other facilities. It was used to produce plutonium for nuclear weapons in World War II. I will also describe the reasons for and ways in which Native American history, prehistory and beliefs were integrated into CRMP. The Native Americans in question are three tribes and one band in the Hanford area-the Yakima Indian Nation, the Wanapum Band, the Umatilla Indian Tribe and the Nez Perce Tribe, all of whom are speakers of languages belonging to the Sahaptin language family of the upper Columbia River Basin. These ethnic groups ceded portions of their ancient aboriginal lands to the United States government in the mid-1800s when they signed treaties. However in doing so, the Sahaptins retained access rights to ceded lands for hunting, collecting and conducting important spiritual practices. Another object of this paper is to briefly describe the major federal legislation bearing on cultural resource preservation and some of the ethnohistorical techniques used to reconstruct and interpret past uses of the Site by Native Americans. These reconstructions and interpretations have become part of the CRMP.

The impact of tourism on cultural patrimony a Costa Rican example

Development of tourism in tropical areas is having a distinct impact on the preservation of cultural resources, particularly when developments are on the coasts, and where lack of monumental architecture does not make it visually obvious that cultural heritage is present. The impact is primary, in that sites are levelled, covered over, or otherwise destroyed; and secondary in that roads to new areas encourage auxiliary population concentrations or open new areas to exploitation by professional pot-hunters. Cooperation between museums and universities who seek to preserve and study these cultural remains, and those who are stimulating the development is often poorly established because of lack of precedence for cultural resource management programs in developing countries. Discussed are the problems of primary and secondary impact based on an example from Pacific coastal Costa Rica