Cultivation Mode Research Articles

Rapid on-site differentiation of turbot from different culture modes using miniaturized near infrared spectroscopy coupled with interpretable machine learning

Culture modes have a significant impact on the quality of farmed fish, such as turbots. It is urgently needed to monitor and manage turbot quality during the entire aquaculture process. Recent advances in miniaturized near infrared spectroscopy allow rapid, on-site, and non-invasive analysis of biological tissues. This proof-of-principle investigation tested whether miniaturized near infrared spectroscopy techniques, coupled with interpretable machine learning, could be applied in living turbots to differentiate their culture modes. In this work, spectra of turbots of two culture modes were collected, and spectra analysis including preliminary preprocessing, principal component analysis, machine learning modeling, and subsequent interpretation were conducted. The results show that, compared with linear discriminative analysis, support vector machine, and random forest, an XGBoost model with proper preprocessed spectra data achieved the best differentiation performance, with validation accuracy as high as 97.62 %. The precision, recall, and F1-score were 97.37 %, 97.92 %, and 97.58 %, respectively. The model interpretation results show that the absorbance at 1542.0 nm, 1415.6 nm, and 1412.3 nm held dominant positions in determining turbot culture mode. Miniaturized NIR spectroscopy coupled with machine learning proved valuable for on-site noninvasive assessment of turbot properties in vivo, providing a promising technique for more efficient and sustainable aquaculture.

A pH-Responsive Ti-Based Local Drug Delivery System for Osteosarcoma Therapy.

Osteosarcoma is one of the major bone cancers, especially for youngsters. The current treatment usually requires systemic chemotherapy and the removal of bone tumors. Titanium (Ti)-based implants can be modified as local drug delivery (LDD) systems for controllable and localized chemotherapeutic drug release. In this work, a pH-responsive Ti-based LDD prototype was designed by introducing polydopamine (PDA) to release doxorubicin (DOX) around osteosarcoma cells with low pH. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and a contact angle meter were applied for surface characterization. Both direct and indirect cell culture modes were performed for biocompatibility and biofunction assessments. The results indicate that the Ti-based LDD prototype exhibits significant pH-dependent DOX release. The cumulative release can reach up to approximately 40% at pH = 6.0 after 72 h, but only around 20% at pH = 7.4. The Ti-based LDD implant shows good biocompatibility with approximately 93% viability of MC3T3 cells after direct culture in vitro for 24 h. Both direct and indirect culture modes verify the good anti-osteosarcoma function of the LDD implant, which should be attributed to the pH-responsive release of DOX.

Extensive culture: expressions of endlessness in the metaverse and the limits of data accumulation

ABSTRACT Developing the central concept of extensive culture this article seeks to situate notions of the metaverse within wider and longer term cultural shifts. It places such notions within established moves toward a seeming limitlessness or endlessness in culture. It takes inspiration from Georg Simmel's (1917) piece on ‘The Crisis of Culture’, in which Simmel claimed that modernity was simultaneously becoming both more extensive and more intensive. Through its focus on extensive culture the article explores how we might approach expressions of seeming endlessness. The article deals centrally with the metaverse as an instance of such an expression. It argues that these expressions are an integral part of how culture is imagined and how transformations are envisioned, especially with regard to the expansions of data structures. The article shows how the development of a heightened extensive culture takes shape and form within the visions of seeming endlessness and apparent formlessness that accompany and define these expressions. As these expressions of extensive culture find form in concepts like the metaverse these visions of endlessness reshape the limits and frontiers of data structures. The article concludes by reflecting on how particular expressions of extensive culture can illustrate the intricate and interreliant relations between extensive modes of culture and data accumulation.

Growth, biochemical indexes, and intestinal microbiota response of red tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) under different densities and feeding frequencies in the land-based aquaculture tank

Red tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) has been favored by farmers in recent years because of its superior growth performance and competitive market price, but there is a lack of experimental data related to growth and health of red tilapia in land-based aquaculture tanks. In this study, red tilapia (initial weight 27.62 ± 2.43 g) was cultured with three stocking densities (30, 40, or 50 fish/m3, named 30F,40F and 50F) in the culture mode for 60 days, including two feeding frequencies (2 or 3 times/day, named 2 T and 3 T), and various growth and metabolic parameters were assessed along with the intestinal microbiome analysis. The 30 fish/m3 groups achieved the better weigh gain rate and specific growth rate (p < 0.05). The growth rate and condition factor of 40F groups were close to those of 30F groups, the yield of 40F groups were not significantly different from that of 50F groups (p > 0.05), and it had the highest survival rate (p < 0.05). The 3 T groups has a higher growth rate and yield but also has a higher rate of feed conversion (p < 0.05). The 30F groups had higher lipase levels, but a higher fat content in this group, more lipids were observed in the liver, and resulted in higher blood glucose levels (p < 0.05). The 40F groups showed healthier physiological and biochemical indicators, as its total cholesterol, lysozyme and antioxidant enzymes levels were similar to those of the 30F groups (p > 0.05), alkaline phosphatase, amylase and trypsin levels were higher than those of the other groups, and aspartate transaminase levels were the lowest (p < 0.05). The 50F groups had higher cortisol, alanine transaminase and malondialdehyde levels, lower lysozyme and digestive enzyme activities, and blood cell infiltration in the liver (p < 0.05). In terms of different feeding frequencies, the 3 T groups had higher crude protein content, catalase and total superoxide dismutase levels, wider villus width and lower blood glucose level, while the 2 T groups had higher triglyceride, total cholesterol, lysozyme, alkaline phosphatase and some digestive enzymes activities (p < 0.05). From the perspective of intestinal microbiota. The 40F groups had a better intestinal flora, and 40F-3T groups observed a better balance of flora, while 40F-2T groups had more digestion-related flora. Considering the growth rate, health status, and yield, the optimum culture condition was determined to be stocking density of 40 fish/m3, and feedings 3 times/day were recommended. The experiment provided theoretical basis and experimental data for red tilapia culture in land-based aquaculture tank mode.

The hotspots and trends of nursing master’s education in China: a bibliometric analysis from 2000 to 2022

BackgroundGraduate nursing education is the main way to train high-quality nursing personnel. Globally, the nursing education system has been gradually improved, forming a multi-level, multi-channel, and multi-specification education system including secondary, specialized, undergraduate, and postgraduate.ObjectiveTo analyze the research hotspots and trends of nursing postgraduate education in China by using bibliometric methods, and to provide reference for scholars at home and abroad to understand the current status of this field.MethodsLiterature related to graduate nursing education was searched in the Chinese full-text journal database (CNKI) from January 2000 to May 2022 and analyzed using CiteSpace software.ResultsA total of 998 kinds of literature were included, with a growing trend in the number of articles issued. The research hotspots and trends of nursing graduate education in China are clinical practice, cultivation mode, and core competence.ConclusionChinese nursing graduate education is improving. Foreign experience should be drawn upon, combined with the hotspots and trends summarized in this study, to promote the development of nursing graduate education in China.

Exploration of Talent Cultivation Mode of Automobile Specialties in the Context of Higher Vocational Articulation

Exploration of Talent Cultivation Mode of Automobile Specialties in the Context of Higher Vocational Articulation

"Curriculum-project-supervisor" interactively enhance the innovation capability of postgraduates majoring in bioengineering

According to the Bio-economy Development Plan during the 14th Five-Year Plan period, biotechnology has become an effective force to promote future development. More than 220 universities and research institutes in China have got the right to confer master's degrees in bioengineering. Great attention has been paid to the cultivation of top innovative talents that can serve the innovation-driven development of the national bio-economy. In the last 15 years, the Research Center of Microbial-Manufacturing Engineering in Jiangnan University has built a diversified education platform, recruited high-level faculty members, and innovated the scientific research management. The new concept and method for cultivating the innovation capabilities of postgraduates in a multi-dimension and whole-process manner have been formed, which involved building a curriculum, focusing on major projects, and establishing a supervisor team. This cultivation mode has comprehensively improved the engineering and academic innovation capabilities of postgraduates majoring in bioengineering.

Path of Reforming the Training Mode of Full-time Special Master Graduate Students in the Background of Special Master Enrollment Expansion

Facing the urgent demand of the economy and society for high-level applied talents, vigorously developing professional degree master's degree education and further innovating the cultivation mode of full-time professional degree master's degree students have become important measures to promote the cultivation of high-end applied talents in China. Colleges and universities should further strengthen the exploration and reform of the cultivation mode of full-time professional degree master's degree students, and explore the construction of a new mode of specialized master's degree cultivation with the integration of industry and education by docking with the industrial demand, further updating the enrollment method, clarifying the cultivation goal, reforming the cultivation mode, and upgrading the teachers' level, etc., so as to cultivate more high-level and urgently needed applied talents for the country.

Green manure (Ophiopogon japonicus) cover promotes tea plant growth by regulating soil carbon cycling.

In mountainous tea plantations, which are the primary mode of tea cultivation in China, issues such as soil erosion and declining soil fertility are particularly severe. Although green manure cover is an effective agricultural measure for restoring soil fertility, its application in mountainous tea plantations has been relatively understudied. This study investigated the effects of continuous green manure cover using the slope-protecting plant Ophiopogon japonicus on tea plant growth and soil microbial community structure. We implemented three treatments: 1 year of green manure coverage, 2 years of coverage, and a control, to study their effects on tea plant growth, soil physicochemical properties, and soil bacterial and fungal communities. Results demonstrate that green manure coverage significantly promote the growth of tea plants, enhanced organic matter and pH levels in soil, and various enzyme activities, including peroxidases and cellulases. Further functional prediction results indicate that green manure coverage markedly promoted several carbon cycling functions in soil microbes, including xylanolysis, cellulolysis, degradation of aromatic compounds, and saprotrophic processes. LEfSe analysis indicated that under green manure cover, the soil tends to enrich more beneficial microbial communities with degradation functions, such as Sphingomonas, Sinomonas, and Haliangium (bacteria), and Penicillium, Apiotrichum, and Talaromyce (fungi). In addition. Random forest and structural equation models indicated that carbon cycling, as a significant differentiating factor, has a significant promoting effect on tea plant growth. In the management practices of mountainous tea plantations, further utilizing slope-protecting plants as green manure can significantly influence the soil microbial community structure and function, enriching microbes involved in the degradation of organic matter and aromatic compounds, thereby positively impacting tea tree growth and soil nutrient levels.

Synthesis of human isotopic data (8000–5000 BP) reveals subsistence strategies and social complexity at the southeast edge of the Loess Plateau, China

AbstractThe southeast edge of the Loess Plateau (SELP) is a crucial area for studying subsistence strategies and social complexity in prehistoric China. Currently, no systematic isotopic study has been conducted to reveal shifts in subsistence strategies and their link to the trajectory of social complexity. This paper compiles previously published isotopic data from human and fauna bones at 24 sites dating from 8000 to 5000 BP, aiming to uncover diachronic changes in subsistence strategies and their relationship with social complexity. The results indicate a gradual increase in millet consumption by humans and an increasing utilization of millet‐based byproducts as feed for domestic animals (pigs and dogs) over time. The isotopic data of humans and animals demonstrate the establishment of millet agriculture during the Early Yangshao period (7000–6000 BP). Millet agriculture creates a crucial material foundation for population growth and cultural prosperity. Two modes of millet cultivation, intensive and extensive, are proposed to explain the continuous development of millet agriculture since the Early Yangshao period. Finally, significant dietary heterogeneity among the human population during the Late Yangshao period strongly suggests the emergence of social differentiation and complexity, supported by other archaeological evidence such as settlement hierarchies and the presence of exquisite objects in burials.

Leaf Nitrogen and Phosphorus Variation and Estimation of Citrus Tree under Two Labor-Saving Cultivation Modes Using Hyperspectral Data

Understanding canopy nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) differences is crucial for optimizing plant nutrient distribution and management. This study evaluated leaf N and P content in citrus trees across three cultivation modes: traditional mode (TM), wide-row and narrow-plant mode (WRNPM), and fenced mode (FM). We used hyperspectral data for non-destructive quantification and compared 1080 leaf samples from upper, middle, and lower canopy layers. Four models—Random Forest (RF), Backpropagation Neural Network (BPNN), Partial Least Squares (PLS), and Support Vector Machine (SVM)—were employed for leaf N and P estimation. Results showed that the TM had significantly lower N content compared to the WRNPM and FM, while the WRNPM exhibited higher P content. The canopy layer had minimal impact on N and P in the FM, and leaves in the upper layer had higher nutrient content in the WRNPM and TM. RF provided the best estimation accuracy, with R2 values of 0.66 for N and 0.72 for P. The cultivation mode and canopy layer significantly influenced the estimation accuracy, with the TM yielding the highest R2, followed by the WRNPM and FM obtaining the lowest accuracy. The labor-saving cultivation mode had different nutrient utilization efficiency compared to the TM. The cultivation mode and canopy layer should be considered when hyperspectral data were used for estimating the leaf N and P content. The study can offer new insights for precise fertilization strategies in fruit trees.

Monocultures vs. polyculture of microalgae: unveiling physiological changes to facilitate growth in ammonium rich-medium.

Due to the increasing production of wastewater from human activities, the use of algal consortia for phytoremediation has become well-established over the past decade. Understanding how interspecific interactions and cultivation modes (monocultures vs. polyculture) influence algal growth and behaviour is a cutting-edge topic in both fundamental and applied science. Ammonium-rich growth media were used to challenge the monocultures of Auxenochlorella protothecoides, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Tetradesmus obliquus, as well as their polyculture; NO3 - was also used as the sole nitrogen chemical form in control cultures. The study primarily compared the growth, carbon and nitrogen metabolisms, and protein content of the green microalgae monocultures to those of their consortium. Overall, the cultivation mode significantly affected all the measured parameters. Notably, at 50 mM NH4 +, the assimilation rates of carbon and nitrogen were at least twice as high as those in the monoculture counterparts, and the protein content was three times more abundant.Additionally, the consortium's response to NH4 + toxicity was investigated by observing a linear relationship between the indicator of tolerance to NH4 + nutrition and the N isotopic signature. The study highlighted a high degree of acclimation through metabolic flexibility and diversity, as well as species abundance plasticity in the consortium, resulting in a functional resilience that would otherwise have been unattainable by the respective monocultures.

Exploration on the Teaching Reform of Cultural and Creative Product Design Based on the Cultivation of Art and Labour Integration Talents

The teaching mode of art-industry integration talent cultivation is a project-driven design education mode based on the combination of art and skill constructed. The research in this paper explores the creative practice of cultural and creative product design, takes the effectiveness of the combination of art and craft and practice as the evaluation basis, and proposes a PCA point cloud alignment algorithm based on feature matching, so as to realize the innovation of teaching cultural and creative product design. The normalization of point cloud coordinates is achieved by PCA, and the current state prediction and covariance are obtained based on the normalized results. The results show that in the demand analysis of cultural and creative product design, the Kano value of students’ knowledge development demand reaches above 0.703. It shows that in the art-industry fusion talent cultivation mode, the effectiveness of practical teaching should be taken as the research acceptance standard, so as to explore a new mode and a new path about the cultivation of talents of cultural and creative design in colleges and universities.

Art for art’s sake? Artists as partners in urban regeneration

ABSTRACT Responding to the polarized view of artists either being displaced or co-opted in urban regeneration, this paper unveils a middle ground in which artists also act as partners or co-producers in these processes. We illustrate this intermediary role in property development processes with reference to a case study of the Seaport Innovation District in Boston by drawing upon a survey of resident artists and interviews with artists, planners, architects and economic development specialists. The paper makes two contributions to the literature. It offers a fresh look at the dialectical relationship between cultural and economic modes of production by more fully integrating consideration of artists’ sensibilities and practice with those of a host of built environment disciplinary practices including architects, planners and real estate developers. As a result, it extends extant analysis of urban regeneration-led gentrification from its urban planning, geography and sociology disciplinary roots into the disciplines of architecture and real estate. Our findings lead onto a research agenda centered on consideration of the intermediary roles played by creative and cultural sector actors and how creativity might be captured to positive effect, in the production of the built environment.

Construction of Innovative Talent Cultivation Mode of "Three-Full Education" in Colleges and Universities from the"Grand Ideological and Political Course": Taking Universities in Shaanxi Province as an Example

Construction of Innovative Talent Cultivation Mode of "Three-Full Education" in Colleges and Universities from the"Grand Ideological and Political Course": Taking Universities in Shaanxi Province as an Example

Research on the Cultivation Mode and Path of Innovation and Entrepreneurship Ability of Computer and Electronic Engineering College Students under the Background of Artificial Intelligence

As a disruptive technology, artificial intelligence has affected global economic development on multiple levels. With the widespread application of artificial intelligence technology in various industries, the market demand for artificial intelligence technology and applications continues to grow, providing college students with opportunities to participate in emerging industries. College students can create new products and services and achieve technological innovation with the continuous development of artificial intelligence technology. This paper adopts the method of literature review, and combines the existing artificial intelligence background to explore the possibility of using artificial intelligence as an auxiliary tool for cultivating college students' innovation and entrepreneurship ability. Combining cutting-edge theories with a variety of practical explorations, this paper finally forms a set of methodologies for computer and electronic engineering college students to complete learning and entrepreneurial practice through artificial intelligence in the stage of university education.

Research on the Sustainable Cultivation Mode of Innovative Talents in Developing Countries

The sustainable development of society and economy is in urgent need of talents with innovative qualities. Entering the information age of the 21st century, technologies such as AI, big data, cloud teaching and the internet are developing rapidly. The cultivation of innovative talents in Developing Countries should also follow the sustainable development mode. Only by discussing the current mode of fostering innovative talents can continuously change the concept of training innovative talents, which is conducive to combining theory with practice and promoting the highlighting of outstanding innovative talents.

Research on the Talent Cultivation Mode of Colleges and Universities Specializing in Japanese Language in the Context of “New Arts”

In the context of the "New Liberal Arts," the talent cultivation model for Japanese language programs in higher education faces both new challenges and opportunities. The "New Liberal Arts" promotes core principles such as interdisciplinary integration, innovation and practice orientation, and the cultivation of comprehensive qualities, driving profound transformations in the education sector. As a language discipline, Japanese studies must innovate upon traditional foundations to meet the contemporary demand for multifaceted and application-oriented talent. This paper analyzes the current state of Japanese language talent cultivation, reveals existing issues, and proposes corresponding optimization strategies. The research finds that curriculum design needs to enhance interdisciplinary content integration, teaching methods should focus on interaction and practical application, faculty development requires urgent improvement, and practical training and internships must be reinforced. Additionally, the enhancement of students' comprehensive abilities should be woven throughout the entire educational process. By exploring these aspects, this study aims to provide references for the reform of Japanese language education in higher education, supporting the development of high-quality Japanese professionals with an international perspective, innovative capability, and practical skills.

Research and Experiment on the Ditching Performance of a Ditching and Film-Covering Machine in the Yellow Sand Cultivation Mode of Solar Greenhouses

Research and Experiment on the Ditching Performance of a Ditching and Film-Covering Machine in the Yellow Sand Cultivation Mode of Solar Greenhouses

Long-term integrated agronomic optimization maximizes soil quality and synergistically improves wheat yield and nitrogen use efficiency

Integrated agronomic optimization (IAO) adopts suitable crop varieties, sowing dates, planting density and advanced nutrient management to redesign the entire production system according to the local environment, which can achieve synergistic improvements in crop yields and resource utilization. However, the intensity and magnitude of the impacts of IAO on soil quality under long-term intensive production and high nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) require further clarification. Based on a 13-year field experiment conducted in Dawenkou, Tai'an, China, we investigated the effects of four cultivation modes on the grain yield, NUE, soil aggregate structure, as well as the fraction of organic matter (SOM) and soil quality, reflected by integrated fertility index (IFI) during the winter wheat maturation period in 2020–2022. The four cultivation modes were traditional local farming (T1), farmer-based improvement (T2), increased yield regardless of production cost (T3), and integrated soil–crop system management (T4). As IAO modes, T2 and T4 were characterized by denser planting, reduced nitrogen (N) fertilizer application rates, and delayed sowing compared to T1 and T3, respectively. In this long-term experiment, IAO was found to maintain aggregate stability, increase SOM content (by increasing organic carbon and total nitrogen of the light fraction (LF) and the particulate organic matter fraction (POM)), and improve SOM quality by increasing the proportions of LF and POM and the ratio of organic carbon to total nitrogen in SOM. Compared to T1, the IFI of T2, T3, and T4 increased by 10.91, 23.38, 25.55%, and by 17.78, 6.41, 28.94% in the 0–20 and 20–40 cm soil layers, respectively. The grain yield of T4 was 22.52% higher than that of T1, reaching 95.98% of that in T3. Furthermore, NUE of T4 was 35.61% higher than that of T1 and T3. In conclusion, our results suggest that T4 synergistically increases grain yield and NUE in winter wheat, while maximizing soil quality.