Ukrainian Cultural Heritage Research Articles

Documentation of crimes against cultural heritage of Ukraine: main projects and initiatives with the support of civil society

The article analyzes the projects initiated and implemented by the public, related to the documentation of crimes against the national cultural heritage (NCH) of Ukraine in the conditions of a full-scale Russian invasion. It is noted that the activity of public organizations in documenting crimes against the Ukrainian National Security Service is conditioned by the need to form a single database of crime records of the Russian Federation, which will allow solving a number of issues that will become urgent after the end of hostilities. The classification of motives for crimes against cultural values in conditions of armed conflict is presented; the ways of accounting for cultural heritage and the principles of documenting damage to cultural heritage are outlined. It is emphasized that there is no National Blue Shield Committee in Ukraine, which is being created with the support of the Blue Shield International (BSI) by the decision of four other committees: the International Council of Museums (ICOM), the International Council for the Protection of Monuments and Historic Sites (ICOMOS), International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA). Within the scope of the powers of the official representative of the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions in Ukraine, the NPA "Ukrainian Library Association", together with the official representative in Ukraine of the International Archives Committee, the State Archives Service of Ukraine, once again raised the issue of the creation of the Committee and joined the development of its charter. And although the creation of such a representation in Ukraine does not guarantee protection from Russian vandalism, the international experience of involving non-governmental organizations, representatives of authorities, cultural heritage protection bodies, the State Emergency Service, the National Police, and the Prosecutor's Office in the mission to assess the damage to the NCH in the conditions of the Russian-Ukrainian war will enable in the future, to achieve fair decisions on the implementation of the Hague Convention and to receive funding for the restoration of cultural values.

Preserving and Disseminating Ukrainian Cultural Heritage in the Diaspora: The Experience of the Ukrainian History and Education Center in the United States

Preserving and Disseminating Ukrainian Cultural Heritage in the Diaspora: The Experience of the Ukrainian History and Education Center in the United States

Ukraine – ASEAN: new opportunities for strengthening partnership

The article provides a comprehensive scientific analysis of the current state of relations between Ukraine and ASEAN. The article considers promising areas of cooperation between them in the areas of food, agriculture, digitalisation, trade, energy, disaster management, demining, and socio-cultural cooperation. The author outlines Ukraine’s advantages in the field of agriculture and its ability to make a significant contribution to the sustainable supply of products to the ASEAN markets, given the production potential that far exceeds the needs of the domestic market. The article considers Ukraine’s readiness to share its experience in the field of digitalisation, given the existence of successful projects, such as the Diia mobile application developed by the Ministry of Digital Transformation of Ukraine in 2019; the ‘Trembita’ system for electronic interaction of state electronic information resources; and experience in disaster prevention. And to learn from the experience of ASEAN member states in demining agricultural land in de-occupied communities, given their unique experience in demining in Cambodia, where years of war left a significant number of mines. It is proposed to develop and strengthen partnerships between the parties in the socio-cultural sphere to promote contemporary Ukrainian cinema, music, theatre, performance, literature, classical and contemporary fine arts. A separate area of this sphere is the promotion of the Ukrainian language among ASEAN countries, as well as the promotion of Ukrainian cultural heritage and projects in the field of culture and art of indigenous peoples and national minorities, including the promotion of Crimean Tatar culture in ASEAN countries.

A socioeconomic framework for cultural heritage loss and rebuilding in post-war Ukraine: a case study learning from the Balkan experiences

ABSTRACT The war that has been raging in Ukraine since 24 February has claimed thousands of lives. The attacks by Russian forces on residential and public buildings have caused material damage on a scale not seen since the Second World War, in violation of existing international conventions. Military operations have also targeted Ukrainian cultural heritage. The conflict in the former Yugoslavia in the 1990s, which was to some extent similar, also resulted in the destruction of a large amount of immovable heritage. This article outlines promising approaches to solving the key problems of post-war heritage restoration in Ukraine, taking into account the relevant experiences of the Balkan countries. The Balkan case can provide scientific added value derived from the synthesis of the Balkan and Ukrainian experiences to increase the effectiveness of reconstruction assistance from international institutions. Practical recommendations for the establishment of an efficient post-war heritage management system are also provided.

RENOVATION OF A TOWER-TYPE INDUSTRIAL BUILDING AS AN EXAMPLE OF THE WATER TOWER OF THE UKRAINIAN STATE UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGIES

Purpose. Research and analysis of the main approaches to the renovation of tower-type industrial buildings, establishing a connection between the geometric space and the functional-spatial zoning of the premises created on their basis. Methodology. The study is devoted to one of the groups of neglected engineering structures, such as water towers. Such industrial facilities are already embedded in the infrastructure of the city, as a rule, they are embedded in dense urban development, which adds leverage for the preservation and renovation of such facilities. During the reconstruction of tower-type industrial buildings, there are problems of dismantling, removal and disposal of a large volume of structures and building materials. Study of national and international experience in renovation of tower-type industrial buildings. According to the requirements of DBN V.2.2-15:2019 "Buildings and structures. Residential buildings. Basic provisions" to the areas of the premises in a residential building, their placement in the space of the tower is analyzed in the process of designing the floors of the tower. Findings. The possibility of renovating the tower-type industrial structure of the water tower of the Ukrainian State University of Science and Technology into a residential building was considered. The architectural design of a 3-story residential building with the arrangement of separate entrances to the building with the help of an elevator and stairs and the distribution of spaces by floor according to functional purpose was completed. Originality. For the first time, the concept of a volume-planning solution for apartments in the limited space of a water tower was developed. This example gives impetus to the development of the reconstruction of tower-type buildings, their preservation as a historical and cultural heritage of Ukraine. Practical value. Water towers that are no longer used for their primary purpose can be reconstructed and can replenish the housing stock, acquire the significance of cultural and public centers in cities and settlements.

Theoretical principles of studyng the historical and cultural heritage of small towns of Ukraine

The purpose of the article is to study the influence of the historical and cultural heritage of small towns on the development of tourism in Ukraine. It was established that small cities of Ukraine have a significant potential for the development of tourism. These cities preserve a rich historical and culturalheritage, including ancient architecture, cultural monuments and traditions. The growing interest in travel and educational tourism creates opportunities for the development of the tourism potential of small towns. At the same time, the development of tourism contributes to the economic growth of small towns, creating new jobs and increasing income from the tourism business. It is important to take into account sociocultural aspects, as tourism can contribute to the preservation and popularization of local traditions, arts and crafts. Therefore, the study of the historical and cultural heritage of small towns will reveal unique resources that can attract tourists. Methodology. The methodological basis of the work is: the method of theoretical research, induction and deduction, observation, comparison, analysis and synthesis. The methodology is based on the principles of historicism, systematicity and scientificity. Scientific novelty. The scientific study emphasizes the role of the historical and cultural heritage of small towns of Ukraine and their opportunities for the development of tourism. Characterized: the conceptual apparatus of historical and cultural heritage, its features as an object of socio-geographical research and modern trends of cultural heritage in Ukraine. The results of the research will contribute to determining the potential of the historical and cultural heritage of small towns and its impact on the development of tourism in Ukraine. It is important to carry out a systematic monitoring study of the state of cultural heritage, which will allow timely detection of problems, evaluation of the effectiveness of preservation and use measures, and adjustment of tourism development strategies. Therefore, the research results can become the basis for the development of tourism development strategies and programs aimed at the attractiveness of small towns for domestic and foreign tourists.

Preservation of the museum heritage of Ukraine in the context of emphasizing national identity

The purpose of the study is to to show the need to preserve the museum heritage of Ukraine, to emphasize the importance of this process for Ukrainian national identity in the conditions of the Russian-Ukrainian war. The methodology is based on the use of observation methods in relation to a wide set of data, specific facts; theoretical research method; the survey method, the method of systematic analysis of socio-economic phenomena, which made it possible to identify the main interrelationships and predict further development. The application of forecasting methods in the research will ensure the identification of prospects for the development of the museum business in Ukraine. Scientific novelty. The facts of the destruction and looting of museum institutions since the beginning of the full-scale Russian aggression have been considered. The condition of some museums of Ukraine in war zones is described. During the study of the topic, an attempt was made to solve the following tasks: to highlight the most resonant examples of damage and destruction by the Russian occupiers of museum heritage objects in the specified period; analyze these examples through the prism of statistics, scientific articles and journalistic evaluations; consider the public outcry that arose in connection with the facts of the destruction and looting of museums in war zones. Conclusions. The protection of cultural heritage sites as material manifestations of the centuries-old history of the Ukrainian people has become one of the strategic directions in resisting enemy expansion. Effective protection of Ukrainian cultural objects should be based on the experience of countries that have faced similar challenges and on modern mechanisms of international law, according to which Ukrainian cultural heritage is an integral part of the world’s cultural heritage. Due to the impossibility of physical access, the protection of monuments in the temporarily occupied territories is limited to political statements, monitoring the situation and documenting crimes against cultural objects. The tactics of conducting hostilities taking into account the value of cultural heritage objects and obtaining basic knowledge on the protection of monuments by servicemen of NATO armies deserve special attention in the context of offensive operations of the Armed Forces of Ukraine.

Innovatory Kharkiv Mass Housing Estates in Urban Planning of the 1960s-1980s

The destructions of the Russo-Ukrainian war are leading to a rapid loss of cultural heritage in Ukraine, including contemporary 20th century monuments in Kharkiv, the cradle of Ukrainian modernism. At the greatest risk are the sites, which were complex and not well understood heritage before the war - mass housing estates of 1960s-1980s. In view of the postwar reconstruction, there is a great need to analyze mass housing estates in Kharkiv as potential objects of preservation. The purpose of this article is to reveal the architectural and historical value of the first Kharkiv mass housing estates in terms of their innovation, which might be the basis for further preservation steps. The article focuses on the three earliest areas of mass housing estates of the city - Pavlovo Pole, Novi Budynky and Saltovsky mass housing, which were designed and built during the period of the transition to rapid and large-scale pre-fabricated industry in the late 1950s - early 1960s. It is namely during the design and construction of these estates that innovatory technologies and approaches were developed and tested, which were later used in the construction of new housing estates both in Kharkiv and in other cities of Ukraine. These innovations included the system of microdistricts, the staggered system of services for the population, and the method of focusing in urban planning. The creation of a number of standard series of pioneering residential buildings for mass industrial development by the “Kharkovproject” and “Ukrmistostroyproject” design institutes. The study is based on the reconstruction of the historical chronology of design work of 1960’s - 1980’s in the history of Ukrainian city planning; a comparative analysis of the first-erected housing estates, and the definition of the unique solutions of Kharkiv city planners that were implemented in the development of the first housing estates in Kharkiv.

Історико-культурна спадщина України в умовах екзистенційного виклику

The aim of the article is the assessment of the situation of Ukrainian historical and cultural heritage in conditions of an extremely high level of threat for its existence because of the full-scale war of the russian federation against Ukraine and future prospects. Scientific novelty is based on the formulation and presentation of the complex of theoretical and methodological aspects of identification, personification, decolonization, national and global significance of the historical and cultural heritage of Ukraine, its preservation and use; the analysis of objective trends in the formation of conditions for its future existence. Conclusions. The presentation of the material, in particular of certain debatable issues, allows us to draw conclusions about the main conceptual provisions, the identification, personification of Ukrainian material and spiritual heritage, the decolonization of museum content. It opens the way to determine the scope, national, multicultural and global components, the contribution of Ukrainian historical and cultural heritage to the world civilization development. Today’s realities require the formulation of new foundations for the protection and preservation of monuments of history and culture (monumental art and archeology as immovable and movable heritage components; museums, reserves, research and educational institutions as establishments of its location.); study of the peculiarities of new contours of the historical and cultural space formation, its existence and development in the conditions of the continuation of military operations and after their termination, new principles of the search and return of the historical and cultural heritage on the basis of international law; the improvement of the existing world legislation taking into account the specificity of modern forms of aggression and military crimes based on the factual material of the russia-Ukraine war.

To save a cultural heritage: Lessons from a volunteer network’s support to Ukrainian cultural heritage institutions

This paper is a short summary of the experiences from the first one and a half years of support to the Ukrainian cultural heritage sector from the international volunteer network SUCHO (Saving Ukrainian Cultural Heritage Online). The paper first outlines the current situation in Ukraine in the shadow of the full-scale Russian invasion and then focuses on the role of grassroots movements and the different forms of support provided by SUCHO. Finally, the paper discusses some key experiences from these efforts and addresses ideas for further support.

CURRENT ISSUES IN THE CRIMINAL LEGAL PROTECTION OF CULTURAL HERITAGE IN UKRAINE

Since the preservation of cultural heritage sites is essential, their criminal legal protection remains relevant today. This study aims to provide a comprehensive examination of the norms of Ukraine's Criminal Code that, in one way or another, relate to the protection of Ukrainian cultural heritage. The research employed the methods of analysis, synthesis, scientific generalization, and formal-logical method. The paper explores Articles 178, 193, 201, 298, 307, and 316 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. In the context of Article 178 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, it is stated that the subject of this criminal offense - a religious building or place of worship - is much narrower than the concept of "cultural heritage." At the same time, Articles 193 and 201 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine specify that the subject can only be a tangible object associated with intangible cultural heritage objects.Part 2 of Article 298 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine directly relates to the criminal-legal protection of cultural heritage in Ukraine. The article analyzes the sanctions of Part 2 of Article 298 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine and provides recommendations for determining punishment under this part of the article. The paper also describes violations of legislative technique in constructing the composition of the criminal offense stipulated in Part 2 of Article 298 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine and offers recommendations for their elimination.

Documentation and registration of damages and destructions of cultural heritage objects during the armed aggression of Russia against Ukraine

The purpose of the study is to highlight the main aspects of accounting and registration of national cultural heritage of Ukraine, to describe the current state of documentation of crimes committed by the russian federation against Ukrainian cultural heritage on the territory of Ukraine, and to outline the prospects for digitisation and creation of an online register of cultural heritage of Ukraine. The methodological approach of the study is based on the use of both general scientific and specific methods of cognition. These include: terminological analysis, systems analysis, as well as methods of analysis and synthesis, logical analysis, and visualisation of research results. The scientific novelty of this work lies in the systematisation and analysis of methods for documenting and registering damages and destructions of cultural heritage objects caused by russia’s armed aggression against Ukraine, which allows for a deeper understanding and assessment of the scale and consequences of such actions on cultural heritage. Conclusions. The protection and preservation of unique cultural heritage during the war have become priority tasks for cultural institutions across Ukraine. Currently, the documentation of destruction and damage caused by russian occupying forces is particularly critical. Cultural values are always at high risk during armed conflicts. The military actions of the russian federation have led to horrific crimes against cultural heritage, including the destruction and mass exodus of cultural values, the scale of which is shocking. Fully assessing the damage in combat zones and occupied territories remains impossible. Active evidence collection of Russia’s war crimes against Ukrainian culture is ongoing. The situation in the war with Russian occupiers highlights a blatant disregard for international norms and UNESCO conventions concerning the protection of cultural objects and art collections, as well as violations of all established laws and customs of war, which constitute a large-scale military crime

Narrative and Material Tools of Resistance: Mobilizing Textile Crafts, Heritage, and Fashion in the Context of the Invasion of Ukraine (2022–2023)

In 2022–2024, textile and fashion scholars came together to write an anthology sharing a new vision of European history as seen through textiles, in the COST Action EuroWeb. During this period, the continent was still dealing with the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic and was then faced with Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine in February 2022. Contemporary European history will be markedly defined by the ongoing war in Ukraine. One remarkable aspect of this conflict is the way textiles and dress appear daily in a variety of media outlets, mobilized as visual and semiotic means to communicate issues of war and national identity, especially by Ukraine. The first material embodiment signaling Ukrainian resistance to the Russian invasion is the national blue and yellow flag. As a color-coded textile marker, in Ukraine and internationally, the flag appears at rallies in support of the nation’s efforts to defend itself. Beyond the flag, this essay offers a critical reflection on how textiles and garments are used in times of conflict as narrative tools of self-identification, to enact and express a sense of cultural belonging and resistance. Throughout history, textiles and clothes have been “auxiliary materials for weaponry as well as for protection” in the context of war. In modern history, they are also integral components of a nation’s propaganda efforts toward the local population, as well as in diplomacy and international communication. For example, leaders of the Khmer Rouge dictatorial regime in Cambodia instituted an outfit, comprised of a black cotton garb inspired by farmers working in rice fields, a red and white krama scarf, and a Chinese-style cap, to convey ideas of a uniform peasant-driven Marxist society within and outside the country. Through our daily choice of clothing, we wear a tactile manifestation of identity and values, and global citizens sympathetic to either side of the conflict can physically and materially express their political views via clothing. Textile and fashion research commonly draws from museum collections, scholarly publications, and archaeological sources. This essay also engages with multi-modal forms of personal, public, and cultural expression, such as artworks, and garments, as well as podcast interviews, social media publications, and news pieces from commercial media outlets. This diversity of sources helps us to closely document how textiles and fashion have been showcased, discussed, and reclaimed in the recent political climate. They involve a range of actors, including craft communities, activists, civilians, political personalities, and heritage experts, which illuminate the many ways of negotiating Ukraine’s current situation. In this sense, this paper does not aim to provide a comprehensive overview of Ukrainian textile cultural heritage and history, or to assess its vast diversity of regional crafts. Our perspective is not essentialist or aiming to demonstrate direct links between today and the past; rather, we observe in this paper how ‘dressing the present’ is situated in and draws from multiple ideas of a textile past of Ukraine. We attempt to observe and document, nearly in real time, from February 2022 to mid-2023, the configuration and politics of textiles and fashion in the images of war shared in the media stream, and their significance to issues of cultural heritage, nationhood, and selfhood. Identifying these major textile phenomena, which have emerged during the war, reveals shifting, enduring, and conflicting narratives about Ukrainian cultural heritage and textile material culture. They are discussed in five interconnected sections: Zelenskyy’s attire of power and folklore, the vyshyvanka shirt’s rise to prominence, the revival of embroidery in individual women’s practice, resistance through community activism, and the necessity to preserve the archaeological and historical heritage of textiles in Ukraine in the face of destruction. In the case of Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022, dress has become a potent communication device in mass media, for Ukrainian people and in the international community. Ukraine’s President Zelenskyy, an experienced and effective communicator, initiated this movement by using his persona and changing his attire to embody the figure of a political leader actively engaged in the defense of his country’s freedom.

АНАЛІЗ ТА ВПЛИВ РОСІЙСЬКОГО ВТОРГНЕННЯ НА РОЗВИТОК РЕКРЕАЦІЙНОГО ПОТЕНЦІАЛУ УКРАЇНИ

In order to study modern trends and research practices in the development of the recreational potential of the regions of Ukraine, a review of the literature and the experience of many countries of the world on this issue was conducted, which shows that tourism is not only a source of public health, but also a source of income and makes a significant contribution to ensure the stable development of the country's regions. The work provides an analysis of the existing recreational potential of the tourism industry of Ukraine, the territory of Ukraine has a favorable economic and geographic location, has favorable climatic conditions, has access to the Black and Azov seas, where navigation is carried out almost all year round, neighbors are developed countries, which contributes to the development of the recreational potential of the tourist industry. The Western Black Sea region of Ukraine (Odesa region, Mykolaiv region), the Carpathian region, the Dnipro region (Dnipropetrovsk and Zaporizhia regions) were analyzed; Podilsky tourist district (Vinnytsia, Ternopil, Khmelnytskyi regions); North-East tourist region (Kharkiv, Poltava and Sumy regions), Capital region (Kyiv, Zhytomyr and Chernihiv regions) and Central region (Cherkasy and Kirovohrad regions). The study provided a description of the recreational potential of the tourism industry of Ukraine. The article examines the consequences of attacks by the Russian invaders, which significantly damaged the recreational facilities of Ukraine, namely: history, culture, nature, which becomes a threat to the development of the balanced potential of the country's recreational potential. The damage caused by the destruction or destruction of the Ukrainian cultural heritage by the Russian invaders, the number of cultural heritage objects destroyed by the Russian invaders in the regions of Ukraine was analyzed. The recreational potential of the tourist industry of the temporarily occupied territories of Ukraine was studied. Revenues to the state budget from the tourism industry of Ukraine for the first three months of 2021–2023, revenue to the state budget for KVED in the tourism industry, and tax revenues from representatives of the tourism industry by regions of Ukraine for 10 months of 2021–2023 were analyzed.

Stand with Ukraine: Ukrainians of Carolina

The activities of Ukrainians from South and North Carolinas, connected with the preservation of Ukrainian cultural heritage and support of Ukraine during the war time are described in the study. Ukrainian community of both states makes up for more than 10 thousand people and consists mainly of immigrants, moving to the USA since the early 2000s. This number has increased significantly after Russia’s full-scale invasion. Community organizations work in many cities. They unite and encourage the cultural activities of the Ukrainian population of the region. The Ukrainian Association of North Carolina (organized by Oleh Wolowyna, registered in 2005) and Ukrainians of Carolina (organized by Olena Kozlova-Pates, established in 2014, registered in 2022) are the most prominent among them. The organizations are non-profit and aimed to promote national culture, preserve folk traditions and art, collect and distribute humanitarian aid for Ukrainians, suffered from the war, families of fallen heroes, warriors of Ukrainian Armed Forces, and for the wounded. During this time they have organized hundreds of events, charity functions, exhibitions, concerts, proceeds from which (hundreds of thousands of dollars) are collected for Ukrainian civilians and military men. The identity markers of Ukrainians of Carolina are analyzed. They include celebration of Ukrainian state, religious and calendar holidays, culinary traditions, skills connected with national arts and crafts (Petrykivka painting, traditional Easter egg painting, embroidery). The ability to speak Ukrainian remains one of the main identifying factors. Facebook pages of Ukrainian community organizations only offer Ukrainian or English languages. Modern forms of ethno-cultural heritage demonstration in Ukrainian communities, and involving American citizens with various ethnic backgrounds include different celebrations and festivals (Vyshyvanka Day, Kupala holiday, Independence Day, etc.), Ukrainian cooking parties, Easter egg, Perrykivka painting master-classes, making traditional rag doll and wreath-plaiting. Olena Zinchuk is known for her Petrykivka painting outside Carolina, her students also work as independent artists in this genre (Anna Sabatini). Participants of Ukrainian artistic events have the chance to explore a collection of authentic Ukrainian clothing and rushnyky (embroidered hand towels) from different regions of Ukraine, preserved in a private collections of Nataliia Tomasian and Lesia Zinchuk. Professional artists also join charity events of the Ukrainian association - movie directors, singers, musicians, dancers - both local, and visiting from Ukraine. The movies showing from Iryna Tsilyk, Natalia Vorozhbyt, concerts of Oleh Skrypka, Dakha-Brakha group and Ukrainian baroque music concert of American piano player Taras Filenko have taken place in the city of Charlotte in 2022. Ukrainian music has been performed here by the singers Bria Blessing and Olena Pavlova. Kobzar Yurii Fedynskyi is an American musician of Ukrainian origin, born in the city of Raleigh. He has travelled over small cities throughout North and South Carolinas in summer. He’s been living in the village of Kriachkivka in Poltava region. He holds an annual kobzar festival there. “Red Viburnum” band has been created, uniting Ukrainians and Americans both in the name and the band itself. It performs almost at all Ukrainian charity events. Unprecedented resistance of Ukrainian people to Russian occupiers, courage and bravery of Ukrainian warriors have attracted attention of American society, ordinary citizens to Ukraine. This is also possible due to the activities of Ukrainian associations of Carolina. Their voice and presence in American society have become noticeable finally.

Protection of Cultural Heritage in the Conditions of a Full-Scale Russian-Ukrainian War: Lessons and Perspectives

The article is devoted to the optimization of the protection of the cultural heritage ofUkraine in the conditions of Russian aggression. It is proven that the aggressor is deliberately committingcultural genocide, destroying striking historical monuments, cultural, religious, and educationalobjects. The purpose of the research is to summarize typical problems in the preservation of culturalheritage of Ukraine during the full-scale Russian-Ukrainian war, to learn lessons from them and todetermine perspectives. In the conditions of war, preventive actions aimed at minimizing losses fromenemy attacks come first. Such actions include the early evacuation of movable assets from the frontlineterritories and the sheltering of immovable monuments from possible air attacks. It is important to takea comprehensive and systematic approach to the issues of recording acts of vandalism and documentingwar crimes against objects of cultural heritage. The strategy chosen by the Ministry of Culture andInformation Policy of Ukraine to create digital copies of cultural values, including museum exhibits,paintings, books, archival documents, etc., is justified under the conditions of martial law. This willallow, firstly, to preserve information about the monument even under conditions of destruction of thematerial medium itself, and secondly, to prove the national belonging of the monument in case of illegalexport abroad, to reasonably demand the return of valuables or restitution. One of the ways to optimizemonument protection activities is to bring the norms of domestic legislation to international standards,which will allow directly, without appeal to the articles of the Hague and Paris Conventions, to carryout judicial and investigative procedures based on national law. The article deals with the importanceof prospective planning for the restoration of the cultural heritage of Ukraine in the post-war period, theneed to return illegally exported valuables and restitution.

The Ukrainian question in the historical and cultural heritage of the patriot writer I. Nechuy-Levytskyi: observations of sources

The article focuses on the role of Ivan Semenovych Nechuy-Levytskyi in the historical and cultural heritage of Ukraine. The variety of topics and literary trends that the writer's work synthesized in itself still attracts scientists today. Ways to heal our society, unite it, and return to the European community lie in turning to the national primary sources in establishing our national statehood, in restoring the prestige of national values. The purpose of the study is a source-based analysis of the work of the outstanding writer-patriot Ivan Semenovych Nechuy-Levytskyi as an information resource for further scientific research into the relationship between the Ukrainian question and the political situation in the country, the development of culture and education. The research methodology is based on general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, comparison, descriptive, detailing, generalization) and special-historical (historical-source analysis, biographical). The scientific novelty consists in the presentation of information about the multi-vector direction of the writer's creativity. The relevance of the research is determined by the search for new assessments or classifications for rethinking intellectual experience and a new understanding of the role and significance of the figure of Ivan Semenovych Nechuy-Levytskyi in the Ukrainian cultural consciousness. Conclusions. The theoretical aspect of the problem of research and development of the collection of I. Nechuy-Levytskyi's publications is summarized. The themes of the artist's works and publications are outlined. The information contained in the writer's writings significantly expands knowledge about his activities, illuminates cooperation with domestic and foreign artists, scientists and specifies his contribution to the development of culture, education, reproduction of an objective picture of historical events in Ukraine. The analysis and scientific study of the journalistic and literary and artistic heritage of I. Nechuy-Levytskyi, which is part of the funds of the National Library of Ukraine named after V. I. Vernadskyi, shows that this collection is of great interest to researchers of biography, literary studies, linguistics and history of Ukraine. Balanced, thoughtful use of the works of Ivan Semenovych Nechuy-Levytskyi will contribute to the development of further research into the life and work of the outstanding Ukrainian writer, effective preservation of mental stability, and productive information activities of citizens in the difficult conditions of the current challenges facing the Ukrainian people.

DIGITIZING THE COIN FINDS OF UKRAINE

This article introduces the Coin Finds of Ukraine (CFU), an ongoing, collaborative project to digitize and catalogue classical Greek coin finds (500-1 BCE) on the territory of modern Ukraine, which brings together resources and expertise from several participating institutions. An inventory of published coin finds that aims at comprehensiveness is an important contribution to preserving Ukrainian cultural heritage. To date, CFU has completed two major project phases. This paper will acquaint readers with CFU’s goals, methodology, and results so far, as well as provide some preliminary discussion of the results. It will also highlight the ways that CFU’s data is incomplete and chart future project goals.

The tools of war: conflict and the destruction of Ukrainian cultural heritage

The military invasion of Ukraine has destroyed and damaged extensive built cultural heritage, including churches, museums and monuments. Based on site visits conducted since the invasion, we outline damage to the eleventh-century sites of Boldyni Hory, Chernihiv, and the church, citadel and graveyard at Oster, Chernihiv Oblast.

The Ukrainian question in the historical and cultural heritage of the patriot writer I. S. Nechuy-Levytskyi: observations of sources

The article focuses on the role of Ivan Semenovych Nechuy-Levytskyi in the historical and cultural heritage of Ukraine. The variety of topics and literary trends that the writer's work synthesized in itself still attracts scientists today. Ways to heal our society, unite it, and return to the European community lie in turning to the national primary sources in establishing our national statehood, in restoring the prestige of national values. The purpose of the study is a source-based analysis of the work of the outstanding writer-patriot Ivan Semenovych Nechuy-Levytskyi as an information resource for further scientific research into the relationship between the Ukrainian question and the political situation in the country, the development of culture and education. The research methodology is based on general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, comparison, descriptive, detailing, generalization) and special-historical (historical-source analysis, biographical). The scientific novelty consists in the presentation of information about the multi-vector direction of the writer's creativity. The relevance of the research is determined by the search for new assessments or classifications for rethinking intellectual experience and a new understanding of the role and significance of the figure of Ivan Semenovych Nechuy-Levytskyi in the Ukrainian cultural consciousness. Conclusions. The theoretical aspect of the problem of research and development of the collection of I. Nechuy-Levytskyi's publications is summarized. The themes of the artist's works and publications are outlined. The information contained in the writer's writings significantly expands knowledge about his activities, illuminates cooperation with domestic and foreign artists, scientists and specifies his contribution to the development of culture, education, reproduction of an objective picture of historical events in Ukraine. The analysis and scientific study of the journalistic and literary and artistic heritage of I. Nechuy-Levytskyi, which is part of the funds of the National Library of Ukraine named after V. I. Vernadskyi, shows that this collection is of great interest to researchers of biography, literary studies, linguistics and history of Ukraine. Balanced, thoughtful use of the works of Ivan Semenovych Nechuy-Levytskyi will contribute to the development of further research into the life and work of the outstanding Ukrainian writer, effective preservation of mental stability, and productive information activities of citizens in the difficult conditions of the current challenges facing the Ukrainian people.