Cultural Competence Of Nurses Research Articles

Promoting Global Health Knowledge and Cultural Competence of Swedish and Somali Nursing Students Through Collaborative Virtual Seminars: A Qualitative Descriptive Study.

Engaging nursing students in transdisciplinary learning and collaborative activities will prepare them for future roles in promoting global health knowledge and cultural competence. The purpose of this study was to describe undergraduate nursing students' experiences of participating in collaborative virtual seminars intended to promote global health knowledge and increase cultural competence between a university in Sweden and a university in Somaliland. A qualitative descriptive study using semi-structured individual interviews and focus group discussions was conducted. Notably, 27 nursing students who participated in a collaborative virtual seminar were included. Data were analyzed using inductive qualitative content analysis. Nursing students reported having gained profound comprehension of and a broadened perspective on global health, cultural awareness, and curiosity crucial for their roles as future global nurses. Fostering global health knowledge and cultural competence among nursing students through collaborative virtual seminars is advantageous as it enhances their cultural competence in nursing.

Self-reported cultural competence among Czech and Slovakian nurses: A comparative correlation study.

This study aimed to compare the level of cultural competence among nurses working in clinical practice in Slovakia and the Czech Republic. Demographic changes have greatly affected the health sector in Slovakia and the Czech Republic. By identifying the level of nurses' cultural competence, many of the complications encountered in caring for patients from different cultures can be avoided. However, few studies have explored the cultural competence of nurses in clinical practice in these countries. This study was cross-sectional, descriptive, and comparative. It followed the STROBE checklist and used the Cultural Competence Assessment Tool questionnaire to collect data. Descriptive and inferential statistical tests were utilized for data analysis, using SASD 1.5.8 and IBM SPSS Statistics version 28.0.0. The sample comprised 424 nurses, with 202 from the Czech Republic and 222 from Slovakia, primarily female. Most nurses in both countries have not received cultural diversity training. Nevertheless, nurses in both countries indicate the necessity of conducting a cultural impact assessment of patients' health. Cultural diversity training significantly increases the level of cultural competence in nurses. Lower cultural competence scores can negatively impact nursing care for patients from different cultures, leading to additional cultural challenges. The findings highlight the need for enhanced cultural competence among nurses. Nurses need to learn and utilize cultural information to help maximize healthcare for patients from different cultures. By providing nurses with cultural knowledge and skills, they will be able to deliver more effective and culturally competent care to patients from varied cultural backgrounds.

Perceptions of nurses on the scope of culturally competent care in critical care: A qualitative study.

The cultural competence of nurses is crucial in providing nursing care for patients from different cultures. The absence of cultural competence can negatively impact the entire course of care; however, implementing cultural competence in critical care unit can be complicated. This study aimed to determine nurses' perceptions regarding cultural competence in critical care units. This study used a qualitative design with semi-structured interviews with nurses (n = 10) working in critical unites. Data were collected from February to June 2022 and then categorized and evaluated. Atlas.ti was used for the inductive thematic content analysis. Three key areas identified were as follows: (1) nurses and culturally competent care in critical care, (2) cultural challenges in practice and (3) suggestions for improving culturally competent care. The participants expressed that culturally competent care in critical care units has specific limitations because of the nature of the intensive care units (ICUs). Additional learning included opportunities to improve culturally competent care, such as raising cultural awareness, developing language skills and promoting culturally competent care. Providing culturally competent care in critical care units is an understudied area. Identifying barriers and cultural challenges is one strategy nurses can use to improve culturally competent ICU care. Creating cultural awareness by training nurses in their own culture, in cultural diversity, and in overcoming prejudices and stereotypes is an essential step towards increasing cultural competence. Understanding nurses' perceptions on this topic can provide valuable insights into the challenges and opportunities for providing culturally sensitive care in a critical care setting.

The influence of cultural competence on healthcare outcomes

Background: the demand to improve nurses' Cultural Competence (CC) was recently introduced to light by the growing cultural variety in healthcare in European nations. It is possible to enhance culturally competent treatment by evaluating CC and identifying pertinent influencing variables. The purpose of this research was to use the Cultural Competence Assessment (CCA) scale to measure the CC of nurses and nursing students working in acute care settings and to identify influencing variables. Methods: the design was cross-sectional. Data was collected in March 2021 from nurses and nursing students enrolled in their last year of education and employed in acute care facilities. The research participants' general features and degrees of general CC were shown using descriptive analysis. The influencing aspects of CC were examined using a multiple linear regression analysis. Results: the cultural proficiency of the nurses ranged from moderate to excellent. Age, educational attainment, cultural diversity training (CDT), and self-perceptions of CC all had a significant impact on the level. Conclusions: all healthcare professionals, including nurses who interact with patients frequently, need to be prepared to offer CC healthcare for patients from a variety of cultural backgrounds. Delivering CC care involves the implementation of effective interventions, such as educational training, which may help to eliminate healthcare inequities and enhance patient outcomes

Cultural Competence in Nurses in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review

Background. Nursing staff are typically multi-national, especially in Saudi Arabia, and Saudi nurses deal with multicultural patients, which creates a culturally diverse atmosphere. As a result, cultural competence is essential. Aim. To assess cultural competence among nurses in Saudi Arabia Methods. A systematic review was performed to assess cultural competence among nurses in Saudi Arabia. Findings. The study provides in-depth summaries of 11 papers included in this review. No studies published before 2014 investigated the cultural competence of Saudi Arabian nurses. However, the authors noted a sharp rise from 2020 in the number of studies dealing with this issue. Sample sizes ranged from 11 to 650 participants. Three studies were qualitative compared to eight quantitative studies. Seven studies focused on staff nurses, one on academic nurses, two on nursing students, and one on nurse leaders. Three concentrated on the academic setting, seven on clinical settings, and one on community settings. Most studies collected data from surveys, while a few used interviews and cross-sectional methodologies. Conclusion. Healthcare systems should be structured to encourage the empowerment of nurses from different nationalities and build effective communication policies to improve cultural competency among nurses. Future research should look at the relationship between individual training programs designed to increase cultural competence and their effect on the quality of patient care. Also, further research should incorporate a more diverse range of cultures. Keywords: Cultural competence, nurses, Saudi Arabia, patient outcome, knowledge, skills, attitude.

Methods of increasing cultural competence in nurses working in clinical practice: A scoping review of literature 2011-2021.

AimTraining for the development of cultural competence is often not part of the professional training of nurses within the European Economic Area. Demographic changes in society and the cultural diversity of patients require nurses and other medical staff to provide the highest quality healthcare to patients from different cultural backgrounds. Therefore, nurses must acquire the necessary cultural knowledge, skills, and attitudes as part of their training and professional development to provide culturally competent care to achieve this objective.ObjectiveThis review aims to summarize existing methods of developing cultural competence in nurses working in clinical practice.DesignA scoping review of the literature.MethodThe following databases were used: PubMed, ScienceDirect, ERIH Plus, and Web of Science using keywords; study dates were from 2011 to 2021.ResultsThe analysis included six studies that met the selection criteria. The studies were categorized as face-to-face, simulations, and online education learning methods.ConclusionEducational training for cultural competence is necessary for today’s nursing. The training content should include real examples from practice, additional time for self-study using modules, and an assessment of personal attitudes toward cultural differences.

외국인 입원환자를 돌보는 간호사의 문화역량에 대한 개념 분석

Purpose: The aim of this study was to clarify the cultural competence of nurses who care for foreign inpatients in attempt to resolve medical inequality. Methods: Walker and Avant’s concept analysis process was used in this study based on antecedent studies. Results: The components of cultural competence of nurses who care for foreign inpatients are recognition of multiculturism, multicultural communication, support from organization, self-efficacy, cultural sensitivity, and empathy. The antecedents are multicultural society and deficiency of cultural competency education for nurse. The consequence of such competency is culturally aware nursing care. Conclusion: The aim of cultural competence in nurses who care for foreign inpatients is to promote health and well-being of patients from many cultures based on organizational support, recognition of cultural characteristics, and respectful and empathic attitudes. To make this possible, nurses need cultural competency education and institutional support. Culturally competent nursing is expected to improve quality care.

Factors Affecting the Cultural Competence of General Hospital Nurses - Self-Efficacy and Intercultural Communication Skills

Purpose: This is a descriptive survey research paper that examined the relationship between the cultural competence ofnurses and the factors of self-efficacy and intercultural communication skills at a general hospital. The study further in vestigated the effects of the above factors on their cultural competence, to provide basic data for plans designed to im prove the same. Methods: The subjects included 200 nurses who had experience in taking care of multicultural patientsat general hospitals with 100 beds or more in C City, K Province. Data were collected between May 20 to July 20,2019. The collected data were analyzed on the Jamovi 0.9.6.4 statistical program using descriptive statistics, t-test,ANOVA Turkey test, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and hierarchical analysis. Results: Hierarchical analysis was per formed to identify the factors influencing the subjects cultural competence. The analysis of the results showed that inter cultural communication skills (β=.62, p<.001) had the biggest influence on their cultural competence, followed by educa tional background (β=.15, p=.001) and experience with multicultural nursing education (β=-.10, p=.031) in that order. The regression analysis of cultural competence was statistically significant (F=36.1, p<.001), and it had an explanatorypower of 55%. Conclusion: The development of educational programs for their higher cultural competence should be ac companied by policy and financial support from medical institutions and the Korean Nurses Association.

The German version of the Cultural Competence Assessment (CCA-G): cross-cultural adaptation and validation study in Austrian acute care settings

BackgroundAdapting practices to respond sensitively to increasingly culturally diverse patients can be challenging. Therefore, cultural competence among nurses needs to be assessed to evaluate their current cultural competence and the need for interventions to improve daily nursing practice. Little is known about cultural competence of nurses in German-speaking countries, including Austria, as there is currently no validated tool in German to assess cultural competence in nurses. The aims of this study were to translate and cross-culturally adapt the Cultural Competence Assessment scale in German and to evaluate its psychometric properties.MethodsThis is a methodology study with a cross-sectional design. Conducting a convenience sampling, Austrian nurses working in the direct care of patients in acute care settings were invited to participate in this study. Data collection was conducted in March 2021. The translation and cross-cultural adaptation were conducted by following the guidelines of Sousa et al. (J Eval Clin Pract 17:268-74, 2011) and Beaton et al. (Spine 25:3186-91, 2000). The face and content validity, structural validity, and internal consistency reliability of the Cultural Competence Assessment scale, which consists of 25 items, was evaluated. Data were analysed using content validity index, confirmatory factor analyses as well as McDonald’s Omega. Descriptive statistics were computed with the statistical software IBM SPSS Statistics 26, while the confirmatory factor analysis was conducted with the R package Lavaan.ResultsOverall, 915 nurses completed the questionnaire. Twenty items had an acceptable item content validity index. Using confirmatory factor analyses, a two-factor model with 14 items yielded a good fit (x2/df = 3.16; CFI = .923; TLI = .908; RMSEA = .055 (.049–.062) and SRMR = .039). Internal consistency reliability was found to be acceptable, as indicated by a Omega of .87.ConclusionThe German version of the Cultural Competence Assessment scale (CCA-G) can be recommended for measuring cultural competence behaviour of nurses in acute care settings. The 14-item scale showed strong construct validity and acceptable internal consistency. Further research using repeated measures could determine the cultural sensitivity and indicate if the tool is applicable in other healthcare settings and for other healthcare professionals.

Evaluation of Cultural Competence of Nurses Working in Hospitals on the Syrian Border

Evaluation of Cultural Competence of Nurses Working in Hospitals on the Syrian Border

Objective structural clinical examination for evaluating learning efficacy of Cultural Competence Cultivation Programme for nurses

BackgroundCulture serves as an adhesive to bind the lives of people. There are no objective, useful tools to assess cultural competence and practice. In this study, we evaluated whether the cultural competence of nurses was strengthened through the Cultural Competence Cultivation Programme.MethodsA quasi-experimental research design was used to evaluate nurses working at a medical centre in Taiwan. They were randomly allocated into an experimental group (n = 47), which received the Cultural Competence Cultivation Programme, or a control group (n = 50), which did not receive the educational programme. After the intervention, learning efficacy of the participants was assessed using an Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE). The research data were statistically analysed on SPSS.ResultsThe average score of the experimental group was significantly higher in the ‘communication ability and skill’ category. Furthermore, OSCE scores and Standardised Patient Survey assessment and total scores were significantly and positively correlated.ConclusionThe findings of this study can serve as a reference for designing future clinical education programmes.

Measuring Cultural Competence in Nursing: A Review Study

Background: Cultural competence is an essential factor in providing effective services to care seekers. Providing cultural care is a necessity in nursing; thus, measuring cultural competence in nurses is of great importance. Accordingly, the current study aimed at introducing the scales for measuring cultural competence in nursing. Methods: The current narrative review study was conducted by searching the internet and library resources through credible databases. The keywords “cultural competence, cultural competency, cultural instruments, the measurement of cultural competency, nursing, nursing students, and cultural sensitivity” were used individually and in combination. The selected articles were in English, without any time limits, and only in the medical fields. Results: Among 16 articles related to cultural competence scales, 19 scales were discovered; 12 of which were in English and applicable in nursing. Nine tools were designed based on a conceptual framework/model, and only 6 of them received psychometric evaluations. Conclusion: The comparison of the scales suggested that all of them were developed based on different conceptual frameworks; accordingly, various factors should be considered when using them. The compatibility of the scale with the culture and environmental conditions of the studied population, and the areas of cultural competence it investigates, are among such characteristics.

Cultural competence of nurses in Pudong New Area, Shanghai: a mixed-method study

Abstract Objective Cultural competence has gradually attracted attention from many countries, including China. This study was undertaken to determine the cultural competence of registered nurses in Shanghai, China, and to identify the cultural competence among registered nurses in Pudong New Area, Shanghai. Methods Qualitative interviews were conducted in combination with a quantitative survey. Fifteen clinical nurses were interviewed, and 1088 clinical nurses were recruited for the survey with cultural competence scale for registered nurses, based on the results of the qualitative and quantitative studies. Results The overall level of cultural competence among registered nurses in Shanghai's Pudong New Area was moderate. Among the seven dimensions, cultural encounter had the highest score, followed by cultural practice, cultural awareness, cultural desire, cultural skill, cultural experience, and cultural knowledge. Age, level of hospital care, mastery of secondary level, and studying overseas were the influencing factors. Conclusions Hospitals and universities should be aware of the importance of studying cultural competence. Cultural competence-related courses should be increased, and various forms of training should be undertaken to enhance the interest of nurses.

Développement de la compétence culturelle infirmière : perspective d’étudiantes de leur environnement d’apprentissage lors d’un stage clinique à l’international

In nursing education, the organization of international placements and the support offered to students is widely different from one program to another. In relation to the perspective of nursing students, few research works explore the elements of the learning environment that interact with their ability to open up to the different realities of nursing practice in the context of an international placement. Guided by a constructivist cultural competence development model, this qualitative case study explored the elements of the learning environment that interact with the development of nursing practice in culturally diverse contexts through an international clinical placement. A qualitative case study has been conducted. Ten students who had recently been on an international placement participated in an individual in-depth interview. A thematic data analysis was done. The results of this study highlight three interrelated themes: getting support through multiple collaborations, finding one's place in the host environment, and perceiving a gap between the expectations of the students and the lived experience. These themes deepened our understanding of learning environments in students' cultural competence development, particularly regarding their ability to open up to the different realities of practice in a culturally diverse context. This study contributes to defining the learning environment by integrating support as a collaboration with multiple partners. This study is an addition to current knowledge regarding the interactions between the learning environment and the development of cultural competence in nursing.

Design and psychometrics cultural competence questionnaire for health promotion of Iranian nurses.

INTRODUCTION:As an important factor in the quality of nursing care, cultural competence of nurses should be assessed to improve the quality of care provided. Nursing care is sensitive to culture; therefore, it is necessary to design a tool for evaluation of cultural competence. In this regard, the present study intended to develop a cultural competence questionnaire for Iranian nurses.MATERIALS AND METHODS:In this methodological study, 350 nurses working in all educational hospitals affiliated to Tabriz University of Medical Sciences were selected through convenience sampling. Questions related to cultural care were selected by experts of this field, and a questionnaire was designed and its validity and reliability were examined.RESULTS:A 20-item questionnaire was developed which assessed the three areas of learning and education, awareness and knowledge, and skills. Cronbach's alpha of the whole questionnaire was 0.912, and its validity based on the Kaiser–Mayer–Olkin Index was 0.891.CONCLUSION:This study provides proper evidence regarding the strength of factor structure and the reliability of the developed questionnaire; therefore, it can be considered as a scientific tool for research, educational, and practical purposes in Iranian nurses.

A Literature Review of the Studies on Cultural Competency of Nurses and Nursing Students in Korea

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify trends in research on cultural competency of nursing students and nurses in Korea and to provide suggestions for future studies. Methods: A literature search was conducted with 432 papers published between 1985 and 2016 from five electronic databases and other sources using such key words as ‘cultural competency’, ‘cultural nursing’, ‘multi-cultural competency’, ‘nursing students’, ‘nurses’, etc. Results: The research design of 86 nursing researches on the cultural competence of nurses and nursing students analyzed in this study was 90.7% in quantitative research, 9.3% in qualitative research, and 2.3% in mixed research. Cultural competence was the most measured concept. A total of 41 papers (47.7%) out of 86 papers were used to measure cultural competence. Ten different tools were used various instruments of cultural competency were used in 41 papers. In 11 experimental studies, new methods such as role playing, case study, four stage 3D puzzle model, newspaper reading, and writing reflection note were used other than traditional method of lecture. Conclusion: The overall findings of this study suggest that future research should include more well-designed experimental studies, qualitative studies and repeated studies to confirm the effects of findings from previous studies. Development of effective and highly diverse teaching methods is recommended to increase cultural competency. Supporting systems and funding are required to help activate research of nurses.

The linguistic and cultural validation of a tool to evaluate the cultural competence in nurses

Cultural competence is described as a complex process of elements useful to work in an intercultural context. It could be evaluated with several different tools. In literature different English scales are available, and all of them start from the operator's perception. The Physician's Cultural Competence for Patient Satisfaction (PCCPS), by Ahmed and Bates (2012), is the only scale that consider the perception of the person. validation and linguistic-cultural adaptation of the PCCPS at the nursing Italian context. the study used Beaton e Valmi's models, that expect five phases to elaborate a pre-final version of the tool, this has to be dispensed to a sample of experts and to target population. at the third administration to the expert group, the tool got the face's validity (clearness 70%), the content's validity (I-CVI), and the index of content's validity (S-CVI). The reliability of internal's consistency has been confirmed by an alpha di Cronbach's value of 0.8-0.9. The fidelity of the reliability confirms the tool's stability in the time (correlation inter item 0.8; Sperman- Brown's coefficient 0.9; Guttman's index 0.9). the validation path resulted really complex: major problems were related to the adaptation to the nursing context and to the sample population, who has a limited knowledge of the Italian language. These elements have been requested the necessity to reformulate the tool several times, but even working to get clearness, it has been looked to maintain the semantic and conceptual equivalence to the original version.

The linguistic and cultural validation of a tool to evaluate the cultural competence in nurses

Introduzione: In Italia i dati pervenuti dallOsservatorio degli eventi sentinella tra il 2005 e il 2010 hanno descritto 873 eventi di cui il 4%, circa 35 casi, ha provocato morte, coma o gravi alterazioni funzionali per errori di somministrazione, dovuti allinfermiere. La connessione tra le interruzioni e la sicurezza dei pazienti sono state sottolineate negli Usa dallInstitute of Medicine come aspetto chiave per migliorare la sicurezza dellassistenza infermieristica. Le compagnie aeree studiano il problema gií dagli anni 60; ciò ha ridotto notevolmente gli incidenti da distrazione.Obiettivo: Lipotesi dello studio è stata di dimostrare che gli infermieri che somministrano la terapia, se non vengono interrotti e in presenza di un abbigliamento dedicato ed una cartellonistica di non disturbo, riducono gli errori in fase di somministrazione dei farmaci.Metodi: Studio quasi sperimentale con campione di convenienza diretto alla scoperta di relazioni causa-effetto che portano alla riduzione di errori in fase di somministrazione dei farmaci, attraverso un abbigliamento dedicato ed una cartellonistica di non disturbo. Lo studio è stato condotto in quattro ospedali di Roma con polo universitario associato. I dati sono stati raccolti con lo strumento (Medication Administration Distraction Observation Sheet).Risultati: Nei quattro ospedali che hanno partecipato allo studio sono state compilate 688 schede di osservazione delle distrazioni, 356 (51,7%) per il gruppo controllo e 332 (48,3%) per il gruppo sperimentale, di cui 132 nellospedale 1, 143 nellospedale 2, 144 nel terzo ospedale e 269 nellospedale 4. Analizzando i 4 ospedali emerge che nel gruppo sperimentale alcune delle distrazioni medie sono significativamente più basse rispetto al gruppo controllo (distrazioni degli infermieri e conversazioni). Alcune distrazioni risultano, tuttavia, maggiori nel gruppo sperimentale rispetto al gruppo controllo (distrazione telefoniche, altri degenti, rumori). Infine, non emerge una differenza significativa nelle distrazioni dovute alle variabili: medici, altro personale, visite dei parenti/visitatori, prescrizioni ed emergenze.Conclusioni: Le distrazioni degli infermieri possono causare molti errori durante tutta la fase di somministrazione dei farmaci. Lutilizzo della casacca ad alta visibilití per la somministrazione dei farmaci si è dimostrato utile. Tuttavia, deve essere supportato da un efficace lavoro in team, da una cartellonistica di non disturbo estesa a tutti gli ambienti di lavoro e da una formazione che non può limitarsi al solo personale che somministra i farmaci.Parole chiave: errori di somministrazione, interruzioni, distrazioni, casacca di sicurezza, segnaletica di non disturbo.–––––––Reducing drug administration errors using "Do not disturb" tabards and signsABSTRACT Introduction: According to the report published by the Italian Ministry Health on sentinel events collected between 2005-2010, 873 events were reported, of which 4% (about 35) led to mortality, coma or serious functional disorders due to drug administration errors made by nurses. The link between interruptions and patient safety has been emphasized in the USA by the Institute of Medicine as a pivotal variable to improve the quality of nursing care. Airline companies have studied this problem since the 1960s, with a significant reduction of accidents.Objective: This study emphasized that nurses who are never interrupted or distracted, by using "˜Do not disturb tabards and signs, reduce errors during the administration of drugs.Methods: Quasi-experimental study on a convenience sample to explore the cause-effect relationship that reduces errors during drug administration by wearing a "˜Do not disturb tabard and signs. This study was conducted in 8 similar medicine and surgery units within 4 teaching hospitals in Rome. Of these 8 units, 4 were identified for the experimental group and 4 for the control group. Data were collected using the Medication Administration Distraction Observation Sheet tool. Data were analysed using SPSS 10.00 software.Results: In the four hospitals that participated to the research were filled out 688 observational sheets, 356 (51,7%) for the control group and 332 (48,3%) for the experimental group. 132 were completed in the hospital 1, 143 in the hospital 2, 144 in the hospital 3 e 269 in the hospital 4. Analyzing the four hospitals, it emerged that in the experimental cohort some of the distractions calculated by the mean were lower compared with the control group (distractions by nurses and conversation). Yet, some distractions resulted greater in the experimental group respect to the control group (phone calls, other patients, external noise). At last, it did not emerge a significant difference in the distractions connected to variables such as: physicians, other personnel, visitors, and emergency situations.Conclusions: Distractions can lead to many errors throughout the drug administration phase. Wearing a high visibility vest while administering drugs proved to be very useful. However, this needs to be supported by effective teamwork, "˜do not disturb signs in all the workplace rooms, and by an education program that should not be limited only to those who administer drugs. Keywords: administration errors, interruptions, distractions, safety tabard, not disturb signs.

A Place for Faith: My First Experience of Cultural Competence in Nursing.

A student learns there's more to the profession than clinical expertise.

Developing a cultural competence inventory for nurses in China.

To develop and psychometrically test the Cultural Competence Inventory for Nurses in China. Cultural competence is expected worldwide from nurses due to the increasing cultural diversity of people in healthcare establishments. Yet, no cultural competence framework or instrument for nurses has been identified to guide nursing practice in China where the cultural diversity of the populations and the characteristics of the healthcare system are different from those of the West. A review of literature and individual interviews among nurse experts generated 74 items, which were evaluated by six experts in transcultural nursing. A stratified random sampling technique was used to recruit 520 Chinese nurses for the field test. Construct validity and internal consistency reliability of the instrument were estimated by exploratory factor analysis and Cronbach's alpha, respectively. The data were collected from May 2015 to January 2016. The final instrument consists of 29 items in five dimensions, namely 'cultural awareness, cultural respect, cultural knowledge, cultural understanding and cultural skills'. Cronbach's alpha for the instrument was 0.94, with a range of 0.79-0.92 for the individual dimensions. The evidence for contrast-group validity (P<0.001) was also obtained. The study provides evidence that the Cultural Competence Inventory for Nurses in China is reliable, valid and culturally sensitive for measuring nurses' cultural competence. The instrument development process facilitates the understanding of cultural competence globally. Cultural competence of nurses can be evaluated for self-development, workforce management and quality assurance. The instrument can also serve as the foundation to develop education curricula and nursing procedures or protocols to improve culturally competent nursing practice.