Cultivation Of Roses Research Articles

Evaluating the Performance of Cocopeat and Volcanic Tuff in Soilless Cultivation of Roses.

Roses are increasingly being grown in soilless systems to increase productivity and reduce the challenges associated with soil-based cultivation. This study investigates the effects of using cocopeat and volcanic tuff substrates, the particle size of tuff, and substrate depth on the growth and flower quality of roses (Rosa hybrida L. cv. top secret) grown under greenhouse conditions. The treatments were cocopeat, tuff, cocopeat-tuff mixture, and tuff of particle size of 2 to 4 mm, 0 to 4 mm, and 0 to 8 mm at depths of 20 cm and 40 cm. The results showed that cocopeat had the highest water-holding capacity and photosynthetic rate. Tuff substrates had higher chlorophyll content throughout the growing season. Although flower numbers per plant in cocopeat and tuff from 0 to 8 mm at a depth of 20 cm were statistically similar, tuff from 0 to 8 mm had longer flowering stems and larger post-harvest flower diameters than cocopeat. An increase in the tuff depth from 20 to 40 cm decreased the flower number and main stem diameter. In conclusion, while cocopeat promotes rapid initial growth, volcanic tuff substrates, particularly tuff from 0 to 8 mm at a depth of 20 cm, provide long-term benefits for flower quality and plant health.

Artificial intelligence: prototype of an automated irrigation system for the cultivation of roses in Cotopaxi

Implementing artificial intelligence in agriculture can improve efficiency, reduce pollution, and promote more effective agricultural production. Efficient irrigation management avoids wasting water and ensures that plants receive the right amount of water at the right time. The purpose of this research is to present an intelligent irrigation system based on neural networks and fuzzy logic, to avoid the presence of pests due to excess relative humidity in rose crops in Cotopaxi. A mixed methodology was used. The SCRUM methodology, Android Studio as an integrated development environment, a relational database management system and the Mobile-D method were used as software elements. For the prototype construction, the main hardware element that was used was the Arduino Board. The system for irrigating automated water using fuzzy logic took less time than manual irrigation. Training actions were proposed for employers and employees in the use and maintenance of the automated irrigation system, to maintain continuous improvement in the process

Comparative Analysis of Open v/s Protected Cut Flower Rose Farming in Karnataka, India

In India, the floriculture industry is the second largest in the world, trailing only China. The total area under flower crops during 2023-24 was 285,000 hectares; production of loose flowers was estimated to be 21.52 lakh metric tons, and cut-flowers were 645 metric tons. Both fresh and dried cut flowers lead floriculture exports from India. (NHB, 2023-24). Among the plethora of flowers, the rose stands out as a plant with hundreds of species and thousands of cultivars, many of which are native to Asia. These roses are not only extensively used in commercial perfumery and pharmaceuticals but also as commercial cut flower crops. In the current era of commercialization, rose cultivation has expanded to both protected and open-field methods. Therefore, this study was undertaken to analyze the Comparative Analysis of Open vs. Protected Cut Flower Rose Farming in Karnataka. The study was based on primary data collected from 40 farmers each from both the districts, namely Chikkaballapura and Bengaluru Rural. The data were analysed using cost and return analysis and capital budgeting techniques. The results obtained from this study indicated that the cultivation of roses was profitable under open and protected fields. But comparatively, the rate of return obtained from protected cultivation was higher, i.e., 54 per cent with a 1.58 B:C ratio, than open-field cultivation, i.e., 47 per cent with a 1.21 B:C ratio. Therefore, efforts should be made to educate the traditional rose farmers to adopt a better package of practices followed by protected farms and encourage them by providing cheaper institutional credit and subsidies.

Budidaya Mawar sebagai Tanaman Hias Komersial

The rose (Rosa hybrida) is known as the “Prince of Flowers” because of its beauty and fragrance. This article discusses the empowerment of the Dasawisma Nangka XIV group, Laing Village, Solok City, and Cultivating Roses as Commercial Ornamental Plants. Counselling is carried out by providing training and mentoring for members of the Nangka XIV Dasawisma Group, Laing Village, Solok City regarding the cultivation of roses as ornamental plants with economic value. The aim of this service is that participants are expected to be able to cultivate roses as ornamental plants with economic value and gain positive impacts in terms of information, knowledge and skills that can help financially later. The service team provided rose seeds, polybags, fertilizer, soil media and water. The results of this outreach show the enthusiasm and understanding of Dasawisma women who can help financially.

Statistical model based on climatological variables for the prediction of pest and disease incidence in rose (Rosa spp.) crops

In Colombia, floriculture is a very important section of the economy since it provides income to the country. Within this sector is the cultivation of roses (Rosa spp.), whose production and quality are affected by the presence of various pests and diseases. Among these pests are thrips Frankliniella occidentalis and mites Tetranychus urticae, and among the diseases are downy mildew Peronospora sparsa, powdery mildew Podosphaera pannosa and botrytis Botrytis cinerea. This problem generates large expenses in the purchase of agrochemical products for their control and management. This study analyzes the incidence of various pests and diseases in rose cultivation as a function of climatological variables (evaporation, temperature, relative humidity, and precipitation) in order to predict a future affectation. The analysis was carried out with R as programming language for the calculation of a multiple linear regression model. The results showed satisfactory prediction for the percentage incidence of each of the pests and diseases, since the difference between the predicted values and the values obtained by monitoring did not exceed 5% for the downy mildew, botrytis, mites, and thrips and 10% for the powdery mildew. The tool presented shows appropriate prediction for the possible behavior of the pests and diseases, and, thus, provides the opportunity to counteract their damage and estimate the investment required for their control. In this study, only the percentage incidence data of each of the pests and/or diseases was considered, as well as the value of the response variables in percentage incidence.

Financial feasibility and profitability of rose cut flowers under protected cultivation

In Maharashtra rose is one of the major commercial flower crops cultivated in polyhouses. Pune and Satara districts of Western Maharashtra are the important districts cultivating rose flowers. A major challenge before the rose cultivators is tominimize the cost and increase the returns. Hence, the present study was conducted to estimate costs and returns, assessing the marketing cost, financial feasibility and profitability of rose cultivation under protected condition. For the present study a sample of 60 rose cut flowers growers was drawn from Pune and Satara districts. The primary data requiredon the aspects of profitability, financial feasibility and marketing and their relative costs were collected through pre tested questionnaire by personnel interview of respondents pertained to the agriculture year 2018-19. The budgeting technique was followed for estimating various costs and returns.This paper examined benefit cost ratio, internal rate of return and net present value of rose cut flower cultivation under protected condition for the evaluation of financial feasibility of investment.The results revealed that, capital investment on construction of rose polyhouse was Rs. 29.30 lakhs and the cost of production, gross and net returns per acre for rose cut flowers were estimated to be 38,86,593 72,60,137 and 33,73,544. The per cent share of frame work cost (46.72%) in the total capital investment of rose poly house construction was more. In the cost of cultivation, the share of fixed cost in the total cost was 58.32 per cent and the variable cost was 41.68 per cent. The benefit cost ratio (1.87) of rose polyhouses was more than unity and the internal rate of return (52.00%) was more than the opportunity cost of capital indicated that, investment on rose polyhouses is financially feasible and cultivation of roses in polyhouses is profitable agribusiness.

Effect of sulphuric acid on roses crop (Rosa sp.)

The chemical effects of sulfuric acid produced by a sulfuric acid-generating machine include lowering the pH of the water to increase the bioavailability of nutrients in the soil and then be easily absorbed by the plant. This research determined the effect of sulphuric acid produced by the SAG machine on the productivity of the cultivation of roses (Rosa sp.) in the OK Roses S.A. floricultural farm, in Cotopaxi, Ecuador. The research method was descriptive, quantitative, and it had a quasi-experimental design. Primary data collection was obtained from the productivity field records and laboratory analyses of water, soil, and foliage. The results showed that the generation of sulphuric acid produced by the SAG machine lowers the pH and bicarbonates in the water. This process allowed the elements bioavailability from soil to plant like Mg and S and microelements like Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn. The productivity index stem-plant-1 month-1 increased by 16.16% over two years.

СРАВНИТЕЛЬНАЯ ОЦЕНКА ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ УТИЛИЗАЦИИ НАВОЗОСОДЕРЖАЩИХ СТОКОВ ДОИЛЬНОГО ЗАЛА

Based on experimental and theoretical studies, the authors determined the payback period for the construction of a greenhouse for utilizing slurry effl uents from a milking parlor in growing fl ower crops. Complete utilization of 4.4 tons of slurry effl uents per day produced on a farm for 640 cows requires a greenhouse for growing roses with an area of almost 0.6 hectares, which is comparable to the total area of cowsheds. The largest share in the cost of rose growing belongs to the cost of depreciation and electricity costs. Capital investments required for the construction of a cultivation facility amount to 98,612 thousand rubles, while the recovery period for these costs amounts to 8.9 years. When the milking parlor slurry is applied to the fi elds, it will be necessary to build approximately two plastic-covered lagoons to store the effl uents for six months. The cost of capital investments for the construction of lagoons is almost 30 times less than that required for the construction of a cultivation facility. However,due to the low annual economic eff ect, the payback period increases sharply. The payback period of the disposal technology for slurry effl uents from the milking parlor in case of the construction of a greenhouse and the cultivation of roses is 3.8 times less than the basic technology implying its storage and application to the fi elds. The high effi ciency of introducing liquid manure from the milking parlor into cultivation facilities makes it suitable for the construction of greenhouses at dairy farms.

Mapping a Novel Black Spot Resistance Locus in the Climbing Rose Brite Eyes™ ('RADbrite').

Rose black spot, caused by Diplocarpon rosae, is one of the most devastating foliar diseases of cultivated roses (Rosa spp.). The globally distributed pathogen has the potential to cause large economic losses in the outdoor cultivation of roses. Fungicides are the primary method to manage the disease, but are often viewed unfavorably by home gardeners due to potential environmental and health impacts. As such, rose cultivars with genetic resistance to black spot are highly desired. The tetraploid climbing rose Brite EyesTM (‘RADbrite’) is known for its resistance to black spot. To better characterize the resistance present in Brite EyesTM, phenotyping was conducted on a 94 individual F1 population developed by crossing Brite EyesTM to the susceptible tetraploid rose ‘Morden Blush’. Brite EyesTM was resistant to all D. rosae races evaluated except for race 12. The progeny were either resistant or susceptible to all races (2, 3, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 13) evaluated. The segregation ratio was 1:1 (χ2 = 0.3830, P = 0.5360) suggesting resistance is conferred by a single locus. The roses were genotyped with the WagRhSNP 68K Axiom array and the ‘polymapR’ package was used to construct a map. A single resistance locus (Rdr4) was identified on the long arm of chromosome 5 homoeolog 4. Three resistance loci have been previously identified (Rdr1, Rdr2, and Rdr3). Both Rdr1 and Rdr2 are located on a chromosome 1 homoeolog. The chromosomal location of Rdr3 is unknown, however, races 3 and 9 are virulent on Rdr3. Rdr4 is either a novel gene or an allele of Rdr3 as it provides resistance to races 3 and 9. Due to its broad resistance, Rdr4 is an excellent gene to introgress into new rose cultivars.

Huella de carbono del cultivo de rosas en Ecuador comparando dos metodologías: GHG Protocol vs. PAS 2050/ Carbon footprint of the cultivation of roses in Ecuador comparing two methodologies: GHG Protocol vs. PAS 2050

Ecuador es el tercer exportador de rosas a nivel mundial. Un factor clave para la competitividad internacional es calcular y reducir las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero (GEI). Por ello, se calculó la huella de carbono (HC) del cultivo de rosas en Ecuador, tomando como caso de estudio la Empresa Ecoroses S.A. en el año 2015. La empresa está ubicada en el cantón Mejía, provincia de Pichincha y dedica el 100% de su producción a las rosas. La HC se calculó mediante dos metodologías: GHG Protocol y PAS 2050, considerando los límites del sistema “de la cuna a la puerta”. Los factores de emisión fueron recopilados de bases de datos internacionales como IPCC y Ecoinvent v2.2. El resultado de la HC fue de 3,75 kg CO2eq/kg de rosa exportada. Las tres fuentes de emisión de GEI que más afectan son: los productos agrícolas (37,7%), la energía eléctrica (13,3%) y el uso de combustibles fósiles (10,95%). Esta HC duplica a la del cacao seco y es más de 8 veces mayor que la del banano nacional. Por ello, se propone implementar buenas prácticas ambientales para reducir los GEI, en concreto, fertilizantes orgánicos, ahorro energético y biocombustibles.
 Abstract
 Ecuador is the third largest exporter of roses worldwide. A key factor for the international competitiveness is to calculate and reduce greenhouse gases (GHG). For this reason, we calculated the carbon footprint (CF) of the cultivation of roses in Ecuador, taking as a case study the Company Ecoroses S.A. in the year 2015. The company is located in the canton Mejia, province of Pichincha, and dedicates 100% of its production to roses. The CF was calculated using two methodologies, GHG Protocol and PAS 2050, considering the limits of the system “from the cradle to the door”. The emission factors were compiled from international databases such as IPCC and Ecoinvent v2.2. The result of the CF was 3,75 kg CO2eq/kg of rose exported. The three sources of emission of GHG that most affect are: agricultural products (37,7%), electrical energy (13,3%), and the use of fossil fuels (10,95%). This CF doubles that of dry cocoa, and is more than 8 times higher than that of domestic bananas. Therefore, the implementation of good environmental practices is proposed to reduce GHG, specifically, organic fertilizers, energy saving, and biofuels.

Use of stabilization pond sludge in cultivation of roses

One option for the increasing production of sewage sludge (SS) is its agricultural use in crops with high nutritional demand, such as the rose. Therefore, the aim of this work was to study the application of SS from primary stabilization pond in roses of the variety 'Carola'. For the experiment, the roses were planted in 20 L recipients using increasing doses of sludge (T2 - 12 Mg ha-1, T3 - 24 Mg ha-1 and T4 - 36 Mg ha-1), mineral fertilizer (T5) and control treatment (T1, without N) in a randomized block design. The evaluated parameters were: roots dry mass, aerial dry mass, total biomass, leaflets area and nitrogen concentration in the leaf. The SS application resulted in better development of the rose, increasing the roots and the aerial biomasses, the leaflets area, and nitrogen content in the leaves compared to the control (T1). There was no statistical difference between the use of mineral fertilizer (T5), and the SS under the highest dose (T4). With these benefits, the use in agriculture of sewage sludge derived from stabilization ponds proved to be an adequate option for its disposal.

Effects of Long-Day Treatment Using Fluorescent Lamps and Supplemental Lighting Using White LEDs on the Yield of Cut Rose Flowers

During arching cultivation of roses in autumn and winter, long-day treatment using fluorescent lamps placed above the base of the plants slightly increased the number of cut flowers and also tended to increase the cut flower length in the first year. To further investigate these effects, the light condition of assimilation shoots was modified by supplemental lighting using white light-emitting diodes (LEDs) placed above the assimilation shoots. Supplemental lighting at two different levels of photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD), 100 and 250 μmol m−2 s−1, increased the number of cut flowers from the middle portion of the assimilation shoots, and the total number and weight of cut flowers according to the light intensity. Irradiation at 250 μmol m−2 s−1 PPFD also increased the number of cut flowers over 80 cm long and the length, weight and stem diameter of cut flowers over 60 cm long. Long-day treatment using fluorescent lamps did not affect the number of cut flowers in the second year. These results indicate that long-day treatment using fluorescent lamps can effectively increase the yield of cut rose flowers in some years, while supplemental lighting using white LEDs for assimilation shoots is a method of increasing it more strongly.

A PERCEPÇÃO E COGNIÇÃO CLIMÁTICA DOS AGRICULTORES E PESQUISADORES COMO SUBSÍDIO AO CULTIVO DE ROSEIRAS NO RIO GRANDE DO SUL

The State of Rio Grande do Sul stands out, for decades, the national agricultural scenario, and even internationally for its high capacity anddiversity of agricultural production, among them, could not fail to highlight the flowers, the rose being the main flower grown and marketedin the state and national scenarios. In this sense, the climate being one of the main constraints to its cultivation, this study concerns to investigatethe perception of climate farmer roses, analyzing if the climatic conditions of Rio Grande do Sul have been favorable or unfavorableto the cultivation of roses. Were also interviewed technical people, whose purpose of crossing with the empirical scientific data collectedfrom the farmers. Were carried out fieldwork with questionnaires, and demonstrated the great knowledge by both technicians and farmers.What is striking is that both groups were asked the same questions of respondents, but in a different way, respecting your vocabulary, gettingin the end, similar responses, both in relation to the analysis of the plant and on the climate of Rio Grande do Sul. Overall, according tothe empirical view of farmers, the climate of Rio Grande do Sul, as well as its region of production, can be framed from regular to goodconditions for the cultivation of roses.

Isparta yöresinde yağ gülü üretiminde enerji girdi çıktı analizi

In this study, it was aimed to determine the energy balance in oil rose production in Isparta province in Turkey. Simple random sampling method was used in the selection of enterprises. The survey was applied to 121 the number of farms. In 2008, a preliminary study was done face to face interviews with 121 farms. Rose cultivation trials to determine the energy balance were discussed and the tests were performed in 15 plants. In 15 plants, energy balance sheets were also determinated by observation and measurement methods in 2009 and 2010. Non-parametric data envelopment analysis was used in the measurement of productive activity efficiency. Prediction of productive activity efficiency measurement was made via SPSS and DEAP 2.10 pocket software. In cultivation of rose oil, it was determined that energy input was 16544 MJ ha-1, energy output was 23437.35 MJ ha-1 and output/input ratio 1.42. According the first and second years test results, it was found that the input energy of fertilizer was higher than the human labor energy input. This situation is due to inadequate practices oilseed harvest mechanization especially in the cultivation of roses.

Topraksız Tarım Kesme Gül Yetiştiriciliği

Soilless culture is a plant growing techniques without traditional agricultural soil. In the early 1960s it was used in Europe for the first time. Soil salinity, poor soil, soil-borne diseases and pests, water shortage, etc. are reasons for making the soilless culture. This technique can be divided in two main groups: Substrate culture and Hydroponics (liquid) culture. Substrate cultures consist of two groups including the organic and inorganic. Organic substrates (non inert medium) are peat, coco peat, bark, burn rice husks, etc. Rockwool, glasswool, perlite, pumice and volcanic tuff, etc. are also inorganic substrates (inert medium). In hydroponics culture, plants are directly grown in nutrient solution. The most common inert growing medium is rockwool, very popular in Northern Europe, especially in Holland, Poland, Ukraine, Scandinavia and Russia, but also South Korea and Japan. In Holland the cultivation of roses on rockwool represents 80% of the total soilless cultivation. Among the organic growing medium, coco peat is currently the most common in rose cultivation. It can be used alone, or mixed with

Erratum to “Application of treated wastewater for cultivation of roses (Rosa hybrida) in soil-less culture” [Sci. Hortic. 108 (2006) 185–193

Nirit Bernstein *, Asher Bar-Tal , Haya Friedman , Pini Snir , Ilona Rot , Amram Chazan , Marina Ioffe a a Institute of Soil Water and Environmental Sciences, ARO, The Volcani Center, POB 6, Bet-Dagan 50250, Israel b Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, ARO, The Volcani Center, Bet-Dagan 50250, Israel c The Flower Extension, Ministry of Agriculture, Lachish Agricultural Station, Israel www.elsevier.com/locate/scihorti Scientia Horticulturae 112 (2007) 360

Application of treated wastewater for cultivation of roses ( Rosa hybrida) in soil-less culture

No information is available today concerning the effect of irrigation with secondary treated sewage water on growth, production or quality of roses or other cut flowers. In the present study we investigated the effect of irrigation with treated sewage water on roses cultivated in two soil-less medium, perlite, an inert mineral medium and Choir (coconut fibers), an organic medium of high ion absorption capacity. During 12 months of exposure to the treated water, the visible appearance of the plants, their growth, the quantity and size of the flowering stems and their postharvest performance were not affected by the irrigation treatments. Contents of macroelements in the leaf tissues were unaffected by the irrigation with the secondary treated sewage water. At the same time, Cl contents increased 47% in perlite and 73% in Choir grown plants reaching levels characteristic of exposure to moderate salinity. Mn, Cu and B contents increased as well under cultivation in both perlite and Choir under irrigation with treated sewage water. On the other hand, contents of Fe, Zn, Mo and Al, were similar in all treatments. In all treatments contents of all the examined micro and macroelements were within the range accepted for proper plant function.

Rose productivity and physiological responses to different substrates for soil-less culture

Cultivation of roses in various soil-less media was studied with the aim to identify the optimum soil condition for rose production. Madelon roses grafted on rootstock of Rosa indica var. major were transplanted to polyethylene bags containing zeolite and perlite (at ratios of 25z:75p, 50z:50p, 75z:25p and 100z:0p, v/v) in a climate-controlled greenhouse. Net photosynthesis ( A net), stomatal conductance ( g s) and water use efficiency (WUE) of roses were followed for 5 months. Flower production and quality were recorded in three flowering flushes during a 5-month period. Analysis of variance of repeated measurements showed that even though the overall A net did not differ among treatments (average 18.7 μmol m −2 s −1), trends in A net seasonality for roses in 25z:75p substrate differed significantly from those in 50z:50p, 75z:25p or 100z:0p. Stomatal conductance did not show any significant seasonality or trends in response to substrate mixtures, averaging 0.89 mol m −2 s −1. Water use efficiency was significantly lower for roses in 25z:75p than in 100z:0p mixtures (1.8 ± 0.15 and 2.0 ± 0.13 μmol m −2 s −1 CO 2/mmol m −2 s −1 H 2O, respectively). Cumulative production of rose plants did not differ among substrate mixtures. Productivity significantly differed among flower stem classes. Stem class I (>70 cm) and class V (≤30 cm) exhibited the least production, contributing to only 7.6 and 3.7% of the total production, respectively. The highest productivity was observed in classes III (51–60 cm) and IV (31–50 cm), contributing to the bulk of productivity (68.4%). Class II contributed a 20.3% of the production. Results showed that zeolite and perlite acted as inert materials. Zeolite did not exert any positive effect on productivity, in contrast to what has been reported in literature recently. Use of perlite resulted in a little improvement in photosynthesis, however this improvement was not reflected by a significant increase in production.

Greenhouse irrigation water depths in relation to rose stem and bud qualities

The cultivation of roses occupies a special place in the flower production of Brazil, the concern with the quality of the buds being intimately related with the appropriate supply of water and nutrients to the plant. With the objective of evaluating stem and bud quality the rose variety 'Osiana' was cultivated in a greenhouse using different irrigation water depths based on fractions of pan evaporation (0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.00 and 1.25). The experimental design consisted of total randomized blocks with five replications and five treatments. There is a linear tendency of increasing the length and diameter of the stems and the length and diameter of the buds with increasing irrigation water depths.

Availability of iron in hydroponic nutrient solutions for rose crops

SummaryThis study investigated the effect of light and agitation on the availability of iron in hydroponic nutrient solutions.In recycled hydroponic nutrient solutions used for the cultivation of roses, iron is added usually in the form of chelatefertilizers, such as Fe-EDDHA. In practice, the concentration of iron in the nutrient solution in those systems reaches lowcritical levels very rapidly (in less than 2.d). Fe-chelates are unstable in light and can form soluble or insoluble precipitates. Iron contained in soluble precipitates can be recovered in the solution by agitation. In contrast, iron containedin insoluble precipitates cannot be recovered. The tank of the closed-loop fertigation system used to grow a rose cropwas filled with fresh nutrient solution every 10.d. Immediately after preparing each solution, four 1.l plastic bottles were filled with the solution and kept in light or in the dark (two bottles of each), at the same temperature. For the next 10.dthe concentration of iron in the tank was measured every 2.d, without any agitation before measurement, and in the bottlesbefore and after agitation. Incident solar radiation in the greenhouse was recorded continuously. It was observed that absorption by the plants and light exposure did not affect the availability of iron in the nutrient solution. Ion concentration was not different between the samples kept in light and those kept in the dark. Agitation increased the quantity of iron available compared with the non-agitated solution. The increase was greater in the solution kept in light (+59%) than inthe solution kept in the dark (+35%). The pattern of iron concentration in the recycled nutrient solution was similar to that measured without agitation in the solution exposed to light. It was concluded that in a closed hydroponics systems, agitation is very useful for keeping the concentration of available iron at acceptable levels for longer periods and thus minimizing further addition of iron, while exposure to light does not affect Fe availability.