Agricultural Research Articles

Children, common bracken and cows at work: re-considering work in multispecies relations through childhood memories

ABSTRACT Drawing on Tim Ingold’s conceptualization of taskscape, this article explores children´s being and working within the landscape through childhood memories and walking ethnography. It examines situated relationships among children, common bracken and cows as they jointly inhabited and shaped steljniki – specific patches of land in South Eastern Slovenia. In contrast to conventional perspectives that narrowly frame children’s work as either an economic necessity or an educational endeavour, our emphasis is on the symmetrical unfolding of work in the multispecies collaboration of children, common bracken and cows in shaping the landscape in keeping with the seasons, natural rhythms, topography, soil composition and temporality. Situated in the context of the subsistence agriculture of extensive farming, where children have actively participated in work for generations, our study reimagines work within multispecies relationality. This conceptual shift responds to the imperative of challenging prevailing paradigms governing the relationship between young people and the environment.

Impact of tillage methods and cultivars on phenology & productivity of wheat-rice system under irrigated conditions

The research was conducted at the Agricultural Research farm of the Agronomy Department at Palampur, Chaudhary Sarwan Kumar Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya (CSK HPKV) and Rice and Wheat Research Center (RWRC) Malan, Himachal Pradesh to study the impact of tillage methods & crop species on phenology & production of wheat-rice crops under irrigated conditions. The study's basic premise was to identify wheat and rice cultivars that can perform well under specific tillage options. The trial was conducted from the winter 2019 to the rainy season of 2021, using a split-plot design. Four tillage methods- zero tillage, conventional tillage, natural farming and reduced tillage- were tested on three species of rice (HPR 2656 (Him Palam Dhan 1), HPR 2795 (Him Palam Dhan Lal 1) & HPR 1156 (Sukara Dhan Lal 1) and three species of wheat (HPW 368 (Him Palam Gehun 2), HS 562 (Central Dwarf wheat) & HPW 349). The results showed that in both crops, traditional farming (conventional tillage) methods were more efficient than other methods in terms of crop yield.Conversely, the lowest grain yields were observed with natural farming for both crops. Specifically, the adoption of zero tillage, natural agriculture, and reduced tillage results in wheat grain yield reductions of 10.9%, 4.6%, and 59.4%, respectively, compared to conventional tillage. Similarly, rice grain yields declined by 10.8%, 34.0%, and 16.1% with zero tillage, natural farming, and reduced tillage, respectively, compared to conventional tillage. Among the cultivars evaluated, HPW 368 for wheat and HPR 2795 for rice produced significantly higher grain yields at both locations over the two years. The findings of the present investigation would help the wheat and rice growers identify suitable cultivars that would be economically grown with varying tillage options and under natural farming conditions.

Optimizing Nitrogen Management in Maize (Zea mays L.) Using Urease and Nitrification Inhibitorss

ABSTRACT Nitrogen (N) is essential for plant growth, and in conventional agriculture, it is usually supplied through fertilization. However, N can be lost through various pathways, reducing its availability to plants and decreasing fertilizer efficiency. This study examined the effects of split urea application and fertilizers containing the nitrification inhibitor 3.4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) and the urease inhibitor N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT). The fertilizers with inhibitors were applied at both full (100%) and reduced (75%) levels of the standard rate. Conducted over two years, the field trial aimed to assess the capacity of these treatments to mitigate N loss and meet the N requirements of maize effectively. The results of the study revealed that NBPT maintained the required N levels in the soil by meeting the N requirement of maize. On the other hand, DMPP caused N losses due to increasing ammonium levels in the soil during early plant growth stages. NBPT provided the best results in terms of plant yield and N content, whereas DMPP showed lower performance in these parameters. Reduced NBPT doses increased N use efficiency but were less effective in terms of yield compared to full doses. According to the result of the economic analysis, split urea treatment gave better results compared to all treatments. In conclusion, NBPT increased both yield and N use efficiency by regulating N release.

Conservation Agriculture and Crop Residue Management

India being a populous country the intensification of the cropping system is mandatory. However, this intensification of the cropping system results in the degradation of soil and other natural resources. Considering this situation, conservation agriculture is the most suitable alternative to achieving sustainable yield and productivity. Conservation agriculture is based on three major principles those are minimum disturbance of soil, crop rotation, and maintenance of crop residue. Crop residue management plays a major role in conservation agriculture as it helps in improving soil productivity, soil organic matter content, soil structure, soil water conservation, air quality, and reduction in soil erosion. India produces 273 Mt of crop residues annually which contain a total of 7.16 Mt of nutrients (N-1.28, P2O5-1.97, K2O-3.91). In modern agriculture, green manure crops like Sesbania and sunhemp increase the quantity and quality of the crop residues in the crop field. Among various residue management practices mulching has been practiced prominently in dry lands as it increases the resource use efficiency. The residue decomposition is affected by various factors like quality of crop residue, edaphic, management, and climatic factors. In modern scientific research crop residues are being used especially for site-specific nutrient management. It is observed in most studies that zero tillage or reduced tillage with crop residue gives comparatively higher net returns, water use efficiency, and resource use efficiency than conventional agriculture. In Indian context. The management of rice residue particularly in the Indo-Gangetic Plains of India is challenging, where the rice-wheat cropping system is intensively followed and the farmers are more anxious about timely seeding of wheat in combine harvested paddy fields (Sidhu et al., 2007; Singh et al., 2020).

The Agroecological Transition of Farms in the Ecuadorian Andes Through the Lens of the Main Agroecological Structure

ABSTRACTMany sectors of society have urged a transition from modern conventional agriculture to more sustainable alternatives. One of the most frequently mentioned is agroecology, due to its potential to improve soil health, promote agrobiodiversity, food sovereignty, and regenerate ecosystem functions. However, complex systems such as farms demand the transformation of a broad set of characteristics and practices for its transition. These factors are, in turn, conditioned by social, educational, economic, and political factors. Therefore, a clear understanding of the main drivers behind the management of farms is vital for supporting an effective transition. This research applied the main agroecological structure (MAS) methodology, which employs 10 indicators (5 biological, 5 cultural) to evaluate the degree of connectivity of a farm with the landscape, the agrobiodiversity present in living fences and crops, and the practices employed by farmers to support and preserve it. Finally, the MAS methodology gives farms a score from 0 to 100, understood as the degree of development of its agroecological structure, or as the “resilience” of a system in agroecological transition. Measurements were performed in 20 farms with different degrees of agroecological transition, in five locations of the northern‐central Andean region of Ecuador. The farms had a moderately developed structure on average (71.05 over 100), and MAS variation was not correlated to the size of the farm, nor with its degree of connectivity with the surrounding landscape. It was rather significantly related to the geographic location of the study site. One of the main differences between study sites was a more extended prevalence of cooperation and development programs, suggesting a strong connection between the development of agroecological practices and capacity building processes. For this reason, the author proposes that MAS measurements should be complemented with deeper analyses of the capacity‐building background of each site. This study aims to establish a baseline of the MAS in Ecuador, and to provide new tools for monitoring and supporting agroecological transition.

IMPACTO AMBIENTAL POR USO DE PLAGUICIDAS Y SUSTENTABILIDAD DEL SISTEMA PRODUCTIVO DEL MAÍZ AMARILLO DURO EN HUAURA, PERÚ

<p><strong>Background:</strong> Hard yellow maize (MAD) is one of the main crops in economic, social and environmental terms worldwide, however, it is managed through conventional agriculture which entails a high dependence on agrochemical inputs, which cause a negative impact on the agroecosystem and through this study it will be possible to identify the critical points and establish solutions for them. <strong>Objective: </strong>To determine the coefficient of environmental impact of pesticides in the field and find the general sustainability index of the MAD production units. <strong>Objective:</strong> Determine the coefficient of environmental impact of pesticides in the field and find the general sustainability index of the MAD production units. <strong>Methodology:</strong> The environmental impact (EI ha<sup>-1</sup>) of pesticides in the field was evaluated by calculating the environmental impact coefficient (EIQ), concentration of the active ingredient, dose and number of applications. In addition, sustainability was determined through multicriteria analysis by applying 85 questionnaires with structured questions to farmers whose main activity is MAD, with economic, social and environmental indicators standardized on a scale of 1 to 5. <strong>Results:</strong> The study showed that the EI ha<sup>-1</sup> of MAD was 105.11 rated as high, which generates a negative impact on the environment and a high risk for farmers who apply these pesticides. It was also found that the sustainability index of the social and economic dimensions was 3.56 and 3.18 respectively, while the environmental index (2.64) obtained a value below the minimum sustainable threshold, therefore the MAD production system in Huaura is not sustainable. The analysis found the critical points: levels and types of fertilization (2.74), incorporation of organic matter (2.33), crop residue management (1.51), living barriers (1.36), pest control method (2.49), frequency of pesticide applications (2.53), irrigation system (2.54), level of education (2.96), quality of technical assistance and training (2.8), income from other activities (2.9) and marketing channel (1.82). <strong>Implications:</strong> Timely intervention on critical points allows establishing solution options and improving pesticide management.<strong> Conclusion: </strong>The study showed that the IE ha<sup>-1</sup> of MAD was high, indicating that the pesticides used for chemical pest and disease control generate a negative impact on the environment and a high risk for farmers who apply these pesticides. Likewise, it was found that the MAD production system is not sustainable. Therefore, the identification of the critical points allows the establishment of strategies to strengthen the MAD agroecosystem in Huaura, Peru.</p>

Market Landscape and Digital Presence of Cacao-based Products in Bicol Region, Philippines

The Philippines stands as one of the world's emerging players in the cacao industry with its potential to contribute substantial impact in the global cacao market. A research study was conducted to determine the market landscape and marketing strategies conducted by cacao farmers and processors in Bicol region, Philippines. Surveys and interviews were conducted to capture diverse perspectives and insights of 70 cacao farmers, processors, traders and retailers. Result of the study showed that demographic characteristics of the group shows the predominance of traditional farming activities combined with a significant involvement in processing and trading which highlights a diversified approach to agriculture. Majority are directly involved in selling goods to consumers, either through retail or a combination of wholesale and retail activities. There is a strong inclination towards digital marketing and direct consumer engagement, alongside traditional wholesale and retail strategies. Market outlet for cacao products in the province suggests that most market activities are locally or provincially focused, with some engagement in regional and international markets. In terms of pricing information, there is a reliance on formal and market-based sources. Likewise, most businesses recognize the value of social media in reaching customers and promoting products. Recommendations include developing targeted marketing campaigns to specific consumer segments within the province, harnessing and further strengthening the power of digital marketing channels, including social media, e-commerce platforms, and influencer partnerships, strengthening collaboration with other stakeholders across the cacao value chain to improve market linkages and promotion and continue conducting market research and consumer preferences and monitor market trends.

The practice of protecting agricultural land in Jiangsu Province of China

The safeguarding of agricultural land is rooted in national land surveys and remote sensing data, which are enhanced by contemporary information technology. This framework facilitates the monitoring and regulation of unauthorized alterations in cultivated land usage. This paper aims to analyze land policies at the national, provincial, and local levels, investigate the cultivated land protection strategies implemented within the research region, where the policies have gained societal acceptance, and propose recommendations and countermeasures to enhance the development and utilization of land resources. The central issue of this study is to identify the challenges in achieving a balance between human activities and natural ecosystems. To address this issue, the research employs a combination of literature review, semi-structured interviews, text analysis, and content analysis, emphasizing the integration of empirical fieldwork and theoretical frameworks. Key areas of focus include: (a) the current state of the farmland protection system, (b) the legal foundations for local enforcement, (c) the systematic mechanisms for implementing arable land protection, and (d) the coordinated oversight system involving both the Party and government. Notably, the practice of cultivated land protection faces several challenges, primarily stemming from two factors. Firstly, there exists a disconnect between the economic interests of certain illegal land users and the objectives of land management, which hinders effective enforcement. Secondly, environmental repercussions arise from misinterpretations of land policy or non-compliant land development practices aimed at profit, which contradict the goals of ecological sustainability. The study examines two approaches to address the issue: the distribution and effective use of land resources, and the capacity for monitoring and early warning systems. Findings indicate that Dongtai City in Jiangsu Province has rigorously implemented all national land management policies, while also preserving the adaptability of local townships in practical applications, thereby ensuring the consistency of both the quality and quantity of arable land.

Smart technology-based microclimate control system for greenhouse

This study proposes an agricultural management system designed to enhance productivity by leveraging artificial intelligence and Internet of Things (IoT) technologies. It addresses the complex microclimate conditions within greenhouses by integrating microcontrollers and sensors to monitor parameters such as temperature, humidity, and soil moisture, enabling precise environmental management. Web and mobile applications provide interactive interfaces, allowing users to monitor real-time factors influencing the greenhouse environment. The system can execute actions like activating fans or irrigation pumps based on user inputs or predefined settings. In addition to improving yields, the system aims to create a dataset that can be used for assessing the effectiveness of future machine learning models. Important considerations include data privacy, training farmers to effectively use the technology, and integrating the system with traditional farming practices, thereby enhancing sustainability. Overall, this study aspires to continuously improve agricultural practices by combining modern technology with traditional knowledge, ultimately aiming for a more efficient and sustainable agricultural landscape.

Comparative Field Assessment of Sowing of ragi by Seed Cum Fertilizer Drill and Broadcasting Techniques

One of the primary challenges in ragi cultivation is the reliance on traditional farming methods, which involve labor-intensive practices from land preparation to post-harvest operations. This not only increases production costs but also contributes to excessive drudgery. Labor shortages, especially during peak farming periods, further exacerbate the situation by driving up costs and reducing overall productivity. In this context, mechanization has become critical for ensuring timely agricultural operations, which are key to maximizing crop yields. The evaluation of tractor-operated seed drills has shown promising results, including a reduction in seed usage when compared to traditional methods. It is found that the effective field capacity and field efficiency is 0.77 ha/h and 92.7 per cent respectively. Cost of savings when compared to the broad casting is Rs. 239/ha. Moreover, the mechanization of ragi sowing has effectively eliminated the drudgery associated with manual sowing, making the process more efficient and cost-effective.

Conventional agriculture increases global warming while decreasing system sustainability

Conventional agriculture increases global warming while decreasing system sustainability

The geography of conventional agriculture’s unsustainability

The geography of conventional agriculture’s unsustainability

Changes in the population and diversity of plant parasitic nematodes and their effects on sugarcane growth at Wonji‐Shoa Sugar Estate, Ethiopia

AbstractIn Wonji‐Shoa Sugar Estate (WSSE), sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrid) yields have declined by about 48% over the last 70 years. One of the causes for the decline is assumed to be the long‐term monoculture production system that results in the buildup of plant parasitic nematodes (PPNs). Therefore, the population and diversity of PPNs were investigated by conducting soil sampling using a biosequential method (simultaneous sampling of the soils of adjacent cultivated land [CL] and uncultivated land [UL]) and a chronosequential method (taking soil samples at different times from the same site). The samples were subjected to analysis using standard procedures to determine the change in the population, and identify the genera of PPNs. Additionally, a pot experiment that involved fumigation was conducted on top soils sampled from the CL and UL of the plantation. The results revealed that about 10 genera of PPNs (Meloidogyne, Helicotylenchus, Hoplolaimus, Rotylenchulus, Hemicycliophora, Discriconemella, Xhiphinema, Pratylenchus, Tylenchorhynchus, and Scutellonema) were detected, of which the first four were newly identified. The population density and the number of genera of PPNs found in the CL were 36‐fold and 4.5‐fold higher than those found in the UL, respectively. Furthermore, fumigation reduced the population of the PPNs by 61% and increased production of cane biomass by 63%. It is concluded that the soils of the WSSE are infested by PPNs, which consequently have detrimental effects on sugarcane growth. While amending soil fertility is crucial, reversing the decline in sugarcane yields also necessitates implementing an integrated soil management system that includes PPNs.

Diseminasi dan Akselerasi Percepatan Produksi Jamur Tiram Melalui Studi Kasus Mesin Press Baglog Otomatis di UD Zaida Jamur Tiram

The program for implementing this activity aims to accelerate the production of oyster mushrooms at UD Zaida Oyster Mushrooms through dissemination and implementation of an automatic baglog press machine. This activity was carried out in collaboration between a team from the university and UD Zaida, integrating modern technology into traditional production processes. Through a series of training and workshops, implementation partners can operate machines effectively and understand optimal production management. The results of this activity show a significant increase in production capacity, where UD Zaida was able to increase oyster mushroom production output and reduce production waste. This program has also succeeded in increasing the skills and knowledge of workers, while providing a positive impact on the local economy through increasing income and employment opportunities. The dissemination of automatic baglog press machines has proven to be a sustainable solution that drives efficiency and productivity in the mushroom farming sector. This implementation activity recommends expanding the use of this technology to other regions as an effort to support the growth of the oyster mushroom industry at the national level.

The Prohibition of Forestation on Cultivated Land in China: A Difference-in-Differences Model Analysis of the Effects of Cutting Down Trees on Farmland Transfer

The implementation of China’s stringent farmland protection policy has resulted in the compulsory removal of trees from farmland, which has significantly impacted farmers’ willingness to transfer their land. To explain the impact of cutting trees on farmers’ land transfer, this study conducted a two-way fixed-effect difference-in-differences (DID) model based on a survey of 163 households in Daxiapo Village in China during 2020–2023. The results show that cutting trees significantly promotes farmland transfer among farmers. Moreover, the promotion effect of cutting trees is more pronounced when transferring land in than it is when transferring land out. For land plots with poor accessibility and fertility, the effects of transferring land out are more significant than for plots that are fertile and conveniently located. As a result, the prohibition of forestation on farmland has increased the contiguity of some land plots and improved the spatial configuration of farmland, but land fragmentation is still prominent on land owned by large-scale farmers. Therefore, this paper proposes two optimization scenarios to address the issue of farmland fragmentation and compares the feasibility of these plans in the short and long term. This paper suggests that short-term policies prohibiting forestation can trigger abrupt changes in farmland transfer patterns and drive further changes in the spatial configuration of farmland. Though some large-scale farming households were established through land transfer, the problem of plot fragmentation must be solved. This article presents several possible scenarios to aid in the design of more systematic policy systems to balance the protection of cultivated land, farmers’ willingness, and the spatial contiguity of cultivated land.

Assessing temporal dynamics of nitrogen surplus in Indian agriculture: district scale data from 1966 to 2017

Nitrogen (N) is essential for agricultural productivity, yet its surplus poses significant environmental risks. Currently, over half of applied nitrogen is lost, resulting in resource wastage, contributing to increased greenhouse gas emissions and biodiversity loss. Excess nitrogen persists in the environment, contaminating soil and water bodies for decades. Quantifying detailed historical N-surplus estimation in India remains limited, despite national and global-scaled assessments. Our study develops a district-level dataset of annual agricultural N-surplus from 1966-2017, integrating 12 different estimates to address uncertainties arising from multiple data sources and methodological choices across major elements of the N surplus. This dataset supports flexible spatial aggregation, aiding policymakers in implementing effective nitrogen management strategies in India. In addition, we verified our estimates by comparing them with previous studies. This work underscores the importance of setting realistic nitrogen management targets that account for inherent uncertainties, paving the way for sustainable agricultural practices in India, reducing environmental impacts, and boosting productivity.

Study on the Greenhouse Gas (Ghg) Emissions from Rice Field Under Various Nutrient Management Practices

Modernizing traditional farming practices and intensive cultivation on limited land has increased the reliance on fertilizers to maintain soil health. The study was conducted on rice crop from 2022 to 2023. The seven treatment combinations in which recommended dose of nitrogen applied through neem coated urea (NCU) and nano urea, viz., T1:Control (No nitrogen), T2: 1/3rd as (NCU) as basal) + 1/3rd NCU at active tillering (AT)) + 1/3rdNCU at panicle initiation (PI)), T3: 1/3rd NCU as basal + 1/3rd NCU at AT + 2sprays of NU at maximum tillering -MT and PI) @ 2 ml / litre), T4: 1/3rd NCU as basal + 1/3rd NCU at AT + 1 spray of nano-urea at PI @ 4 ml / litre), T5: 1/4 NCU as basal + 1/4 NCU at AT +2 sprays of nano-urea (at MT and PI) @ 2 ml / litre), T6 :1/3rd NCU as basal + 2 sprays of nano-urea (at AT& PI) @ 2 ml / litre), and T7: 1/3rd NCU as basal + 3 sprays of nano-urea (at AT, PI, and heading) @ 2 ml / litre). The study revealed significant differences in GHG emissions, particularly nitrous oxide (N₂O) and carbon dioxide (CO₂), among the different fertilizer management practices. The highest (p=??) N₂O emissions were observed in the T2 treatment {1/3rd RDN (NCU as basal) + 1/3rd RDN (NCU at active tillering) + 1/3rd RDN (NCU at panicle initiation)} at 352 kgCO₂eha⁻¹, while the lowest emissions were recorded in the T1 treatment (Control – without nitrogen) at 88.4 kgCO₂eha⁻¹. Similarly, CO₂ emissions were also the highest in the T2 treatment at 1376 kgCO₂eha⁻¹, with the control (T1) recording the lowest at 1165 kgCO₂eha⁻¹. Methane emissions, mainly influenced by water regimes, remained consistent across all treatments, each contributing 2112.3 kgCO₂eha⁻¹, due to similar water management across all treatments. Overall, total GHG emissions were significantly higher in fertilized treatments, with the T2 treatment exhibiting the highest total emissions of 3841 kgCO₂eha⁻¹, while the control had the lowest at 3366 kgCO₂eha⁻¹. These findings highlighted the complex trade-offs between enhancing rice yields through improved nutrient management and the associated increase in GHG emissions, emphasizing the need for strategies that balance productivity with environmental sustainability.

Cost Efficiency and Profitability of Papaya Marketing Channels in North-eastern Karnataka, India

The study on the economic analysis of papaya marketing in North-Eastern Karnataka, focuses on identifying the existing marketing system for papaya and analyzes the marketing cost, margin, price spread and marketing efficiency of different marketing channels. The study was conducted in four districts of North-Eastern Karnataka region and employed multistage random sampling technique to gather data from 80 papaya cultivators and 20 market intermediaries. Three major marketing channels were identified, each showing distinct cost structures and preferences among farmers. The findings highlighted that channel I was the most preferred among farmers, but it also exhibited the highest price spread compared to other channels. Channel III recorded the highest producer's share in the consumer's rupee (60.60%) and was identified as the most efficient channel based on both the Shepherd's approach (3.84) and the Acharya and Agarwal approach (1.54). The selection of a marketing channel significantly affects profitability and the distribution of risk among stakeholders. It is suggested that, due to the higher marketing costs incurred by farmers, they often opt to sell through pre-harvest contractors (PHCs). Therefore, it is recommended that these intermediaries be regulated through the Agricultural Produce Market Committee (APMC) to streamline the supply chain and improve market access for papaya growers.

Alexander Hamilton’s Report on Manufactures and Industrial Policy

Hamilton’s 1791 state paper on manufactures is a forward-looking argument for US industrialization supported by public policies designed to encourage it. Conventional wisdom circa 1790, along with static considerations of comparative advantage indicated that the United States should stick to farming, export its agricultural surpluses, and import European manufactures. Mercantilist trade policies of the major European empires, however, were barriers to US exports. Hamilton therefore contended that US manufacturing using the latest machine technologies would alleviate the effects of European trade restrictions by creating domestic demand for agricultural surpluses. His report specifies industries worthy of support, and policy measures to encourage their development. During the century that followed, US governments adopted nearly all of Hamilton’s recommendations. These measures contributed to an average annual rate of growth of industrial output of 5 percent during that century, helping the United States to become the world’s leading manufacturing nation.

МАТЕРИАЛЬНО-ТЕХНИЧЕСКОЕ ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЕ СЕЛЬСКОГО ХОЗЯЙСТВА: СОСТОЯНИЕ, ПРОБЛЕМЫ, НАПРАВЛЕНИЯ СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЯ

One of the determining conditions for competitive domestic agricultural production in foreign markets is the technical and technological modernization of the industry. However, despite the significance of the problem, over the past two decades, a stable trend of reduction in the number of employees in agricultural organizations in Russia has developed for all types of agricultural machinery. The highest rates of reduction in agricultural machinery were observed until 2010, and in subsequent periods the downward trend has significantly decreased. At the same time, it is not entirely correct to assess the current situation unambiguously, since the reduction in the fleet of machinery and equipment in agricultural organizations is due to certain objective circumstances and conditions: the area of cultivated land and cultivation of specific crops has decreased; the number of animals has decreased; the technical means used have become more energy-intensive and productive, which is especially important in the context of a shortage of personnel in rural areas. In 2018-2022 the production of domestic agricultural machinery in value terms increased by almost 2.5 times, while in physical terms the changes are insignificant. At the same time, domestic mechanical engineering practically does not produce machinery and equipment for pig farming, poultry farming, milk processing, potato harvesters, beet harvesting equipment, equipment for gardening, vegetable growing. As a result of the outstripping rate of disposal of agricultural machinery and equipment over the rate of their production and replenishment, the energy capacity of the industry is declining. The sanctions imposed on the Russian economy have led to increased risks of non-receipt of critical components and spare parts; disruption of stable logistics and distribution chains that have functioned for a long time, their rise in price; revision of contract terms, failure to meet delivery deadlines. Sanctions against the use of foreign high technologies used in precision farming, genetics, selection, enterprise management, etc. have a negative impact on the development of the agro-industrial complex.