Cultivation Of Gerbera Research Articles

Determination of Some Virus Diseases on Gerbera Plants in Antalya Province

Gerbera spp., which is in the Asteraceae family, is the most widely cultivated cut flower ornamental plant in Türkiye after carnation. Approximately 74% of Türkiye's production is met from Antalya province. Virus diseases are a problem in the cultivation of Gerbera as they significantly reduce the yield and quality. In this study, which was carried out to detect some virus diseases seen in Gerbera production areas in Antalya province, surveys were carried out in commercial production areas in the 2021-2022 production season. For this purpose, a total of 112 leaf samples, which are thought to be infected with viruses, were collected from 100 Gerbera plants showing symptoms similar to virus disease symptoms and 12 selected weeds regardless of the presence of symptoms. These leaf samples, which were later brought to the laboratory, then were tested by the Double Antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (DAS-ELISA) method to detect infections of Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Tobacco streak virus (TSV) and Impatiens necrotic spot virus (INSV). As a result of the tests, TSWV (41.9%), CMV (1.7%) and TSV (37.5%) infections were detected in Gerbera plant samples. In addition, TSWV (25%) infections were most common in weed samples, followed by TSV (16%) and CMV (8.3%) infections. The presence of INSV virus was not detected in any of the leaf samples tested by DAS-ELISA. With this study, TSWV, TSV and CMV infections in Gerbera production areas in Türkiye were revealed for the first time.

Efficacy of Growth Regulators on Flowering of Gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii B.) cv. Goliath in Open Field Condition

Background: Application of plant bioregulators at specific concentration modify growth, flowering, flower yield and post harvest quality of flowers. Growth promoters like auxin, gibberellins and cytokinin modify physiological process by accelerating plant growth while growth retardant like cycocel and abscisic acid inhibit plant growth. But in open field cultivation of gerbera, little is known about use of growth regulators on flowering regulation. A good knowledge on use of growth regulators in gerbera is required before going to any recommendations. The current study aimed to standardize suitable bioregulators on flower production in gerbera in open field condition. Methods: The study was carried out in premises of Biotechnology cum Tissue Culture Centre, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar during 2015-16 and 2016-17. Apart from control eight treatments of growth regulators were used like GA3 @ 100 ppm and 150 ppm, cycocel @ 700 ppm and 800 ppm with or without amino acids as foliar spray. The observation were recorded from 5 randomly selected plant within each replication of treatment for different floral parameters. Result: The result revealed that days taken to flower bud initiation and days taken to flowering was minimum in GA3 @ 100 ppm + amino acid. The stalk length of flower was maximum in treatment GA3 @ 150 ppm + amino acid while largest flower diameter, maximum number of flowers and longest bloom life was observed in treatment with cycocel @ 700 ppm + amino acid. Maximum stalk thickness was found in treatment with cycocel @ 800 ppm + amino acid. The present work will be a complementary contribution to the researchers and gerbera growers in increasing productivity of this flower crops.

Gerbera Genotypes as Performed Under Different Soil Amendments

Cultivation of gerbera is a promising practice among the flower growers. Proper soil preparation can substantially improve their productivity. Finding the appropriate gerbera genotype performing better in a suitable soil combination is a potential field of study. On this aspect, an experiment was conducted to evaluate the growth and performance of Gerbera genotypes with soil amendments during the period from November 2014 to July 2015 at the field research site of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur-1706, Bangladesh. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. There were five treatments viz. T0 (control), T1 (Cowdung), T2 (Mustard oil cake), T3 (Urea+ TSP+ MOP), T4 (Organic+ Inorganic) along with five genotypes (G1 = White double, G2 = Yellow double, G3 = Light orange single, G4 = Light pink spider G5= Deep red double). Significant variation among the genotypes and treatment were observed either in single or in combination. Genotype G3 produced the maximum leaf number, flower number (32.4), whereas genotype G5 had the maximum diameter of flower stalk and produced larger flower as well (9.2cm). However, genotype G1 showed the maximum vase life (9.47days). These all were happened when organic and inorganic fertilizers (T4) applied combined. Among all, G3 produced the maximum leaf and flowers numbers which was dwarf at the same time and in case of interaction effect, G3T4 was observed to produce maximum number of leaves and flowers.
 

Agri-preneurship development through gerbera cultivation

Maharashtra is a significant producer and global exporter of gerbera and rose. It is the largest producer of gerbera in the country. It has accomplished this horticulture success and exports in 2009, with just 12.00 per cent of its cultivated land dedicated to floriculture. Hundreds of families engaged in cultivation of gerbera in Maharashtra. The entrepreneurial behaviour is not necessarily doing new things but also doing things in a new way that has been already done. The entrepreneur is an economic man who strives to maximize his profits by adoption of innovations. However, entrepreneurs are not simply innovators, they are mean with a will to act, to resume risk and to bring changes through organization of human efforts (Dannof, 1949). Now it is felt that, the economic growth and development of advanced countries is largely increased due to entrepreneurship among their community rather than to capital. However, entrepreneurs are not simply innovators, they are mean with a will to act, to resume risk and to bring changes through organization of human efforts (Dannof, 1949). Now it is felt that, the economic growth and development of advanced countries is largely increased due to entrepreneurship among their community rather than to capital. The specific objectives of the study were to study the entrepreneurial behaviour of gerbera growers. The present study was conducted in Ahmednagar District of Maharashtra state. Ahmednagar district was purposively selected as it has the maximum area under gerbera cultivation and ranks first in production. The data was collected by interviewing 120 gerbera growers with well-designed and pre-tested schedules. Later simple mean, percentage, standard deviation and correlation co-efficient were used to know the relationship between selected independent and dependent variables. The study revealed that majority of the gerbera growers had medium level of entrepreneurial behaviour, followed by low and high level of entrepreneurial behaviour. This might be because of their medium level of innovativeness, achievement motivation, decision making ability, economic motivation, leadership ability and management orientation.

Easy and efficient chemical sterilization of the culture medium for in vitro growth of gerbera using chlorine dioxide (ClO2)

Micropropagation techniques changed the production of clonal plantlets in the world. However, the high costs of micropropagated plantlets continue as the main constraint for the expansion of the technique. This paper aimed to test the use of the chemical sterilization of culture medium using chlorine dioxide (ClO2) for in vitro cultivation of gerbera. There was used gerbera in vitro shoots in the stage of rooting for these experiments, using 0.0035%, 0.0070% and 0.0105% of chlorine dioxide in the culture medium. Also, peracetic acid was tested previously for sterilization, but resulted in microbial contamination. Chemical sterilization of the culture medium was successfully using ClO2 at 0.0035% to 0.0105% (100% decontamination) at rooting and elongation stage of gerbera with production of plantlets with similar (number of leaves, total and root fresh weight) or higher quality (mainly aerial part) at rooting/elongation stage, compared with autoclaved culture medium. The increase of concentration of ClO2 also resulted in increasing of height and fresh weight of aerial part of gerberas. The ClO2 could replace the autoclaving with production of sterilized culture medium without phytotoxic problems to gerbera in vitro cultivation.

Effects of Cultivation of Gerbera on some Physical and Chemical Properties of Different Growing Substrates

Effects of Cultivation of Gerbera on some Physical and Chemical Properties of Different Growing Substrates

Produção e qualidade de gérbera de corte submetidas a diferentes doses de potássio e épocas de colheita

A cultura da gérbera se expande por todo o país. No entanto, poucas são as informações sobre suas exigências nutricionais. Para avaliar o efeito de doses de potássio e épocas de colheita na produção e qualidade de gérbera de corte ao longo do ano, foi conduzido um experimento em casa-de-vegetação com a cultivar Dinamyte em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema de parcelas subdivididas. As parcelas foram constituídas de cinco doses de potássio (0, 2, 4, 6 e 12 g/planta/ano) e as sub-parcelas de sete épocas de colheita de inflorescências (12, 15, 19, 23, 25, 28 e 31 semanas após início dos tratamentos) e cinco repetições. Na colheita, foram avaliados o comprimento de haste, o diâmetro, a massa fresca e longevidade das inflorescências e teores de nutrientes no tecido foliar. Houve interação significativa entre doses de potássio e épocas de colheita para comprimento, massa fresca de haste e diâmetro de inflorescência, sendo que 6 g de potássio/planta/ano proporcionou diâmetro de inflorescência, comprimento e massa fresca de haste superiores nas avaliações feitas nas semanas 25 e 31. A maior longevidade foi obtida com 7,8 g de potássio/planta/ano e a maior produção de hastes classificadas como extra foi obtida com 7,1 g de potássio/planta/ano. A melhor qualidade da haste floral foi obtida com a dose de 6 g/planta/ano, sendo que a qualidade das hastes florais variou ao longo do ano de cultivo sem influência das doses de potássio nas concentrações dos demais nutrientes.

Influência do cálcio e do silício, via fertirrigação, na qualidade de hastes florais de gérbera

<p>Com o objetivo de estudar o efeito do cálcio (Ca) e do silício (Si), via fertirrigação, na qualidade de flores cortadas de</p><p>gérbera, foi conduzido um experimento em casa de vegetação, no delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados, em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, sendo os tratamentos constituídos por três níveis de Ca (7,5; 10,0 e 12,5 mmol.L-1) e quatro níveis de Si (0; 2,95; 4,43 e 5,89 mmol.L-1), aplicados via solução nutritiva, avaliados em três épocas, com três repetições. O cultivo da gérbera foi feito em vasos plásticos de 5L, preenchidos com fibra de coco. A partir do início das aplicações, na fase reprodutiva, foram avaliados a qualidade das hastes florais no ponto de colheita, pelo comprimento e diâmetro da haste, diâmetro do capítulo e intensidade da coloração das pétalas (L, C, a, b e hº), além da longevidade e perda de massa no período pós-colheita. A qualidade das hastes florais sofreu influência da aplicação de Ca e Si para o parâmetro a, cromaticidade e comprimento da haste, aos 90 e 150 dias após o transplante (DAT). O Si aplicado semanalmente via solução nutritiva durante o cultivo da gérbera aumentou a vida pós-colheita de flores coletadas aos 210 DAT.</p>

Cultivation of gerbera irrigated with treated domestic effluents

This paper evaluates the nutritional impact on growth, production and quality variables of gerbera crop when fertigated with treated domestic effluents. An experiment was carried out in greenhouse at the Embrapa Meio-Norte in Teresina, in the State of Piauí, Brazil, from July to October 2007. A completely randomized experimental design with five treatments and five replications was adopted. The treatments investigated were T1 - 100% of water and nutritional requirements of crop were met with chemical fertigation (N e K2 O); T2 - 25% volume of water through fertigation and 75% treated wastewater effluents (TWE); T3: 50% volume of water through fertigation and 50% TWE; T4: 75% volume of water with fertigation and 25% TWE; and T5 - 100% volume of water supplied through TWE. Leaf growth and plant development were favored by the application of 50% fertigation and 50% TWE (T3). As for commercial requirements, the best results for number of flowers were obtained with T4. However, concerning quality, T2 produced flowers in July and August with longer stems, but in the months of September and October, no treatment achieved this standard due to high temperature and low relative humidity of the air in the region.

Persistence of chlorpyrifos, diazinon and dimethoate sprayed in the greenhouse environment during hydroponic cultivation of Gerbera

The fate and behavior of chlorpyrifos, diazinon and dimethoate in a greenhouse installation during hydroponic cultivation of Gerbera was investigated. Their concentrations in the greenhouse air were related to their physicochemical properties. Thus, diazinon exhibited the highest concentration in the greenhouse air 2 hours after application, while chlorpyrifos and dimethoate were measured at lower concentrations. Afterwards, a rapid decrease was recorded. The concentrations of the above pesticides in the drain water of the open hydroponic system were relatively high immediately after the application but decreased rapidly during the following 3 days. In the closed hydroponic system, all the pesticides were accumulated in the nutrient solution during the first 24 hours after application but their concentration slowly decreased over the following 3 days. The highest concentrations of chlorpyrifos and diazinon were measured on the head of the spray operator. However, the highest concentration of dimethoate was measured on his chest.

Dissipation of three organochlorine and four pyrethroid pesticides sprayed in a greenhouse environment during hydroponic cultivation of gerbera

A wide range of pesticides (insecticides, acaricides and fungicides) is used in the hydroponic cultivation of gerbera. The fate and behaviour of some of these commonly used pesticides (organochlorine and pyrethroid insecticides/acaricides) in a greenhouse installation was investigated. The concentrations of endosulfan, dicofol, tetradifon, permethrin, bifenthrin, cypermethrin and deltamethrin in the air of the greenhouse were related to their physicochemical properties and respective application rates. Of these compounds, endosulfan exhibited the highest concentration in the greenhouse air 2 h after application (10 microg m(-3)), due to its highest volatility; afterwards, up to 12 h post-application, a rapid decrease was recorded which finally led to a concentration of 0.41 microg m(-3) at 6 days post-application. Dicofol exhibited the same trend of dissipation in the greenhouse air; its concentration decreased from 0.27 microg m(-3) immediately after the application to 0.12 microg m(-3) at 6 days post-application. Tetradifon, bifenthrin and permethrin were found at concentrations lower than 0.1 microg m(-3) at 2 h post-application, and cypermethrin and deltamethrin could not be detected. The concentrations of all the above pesticides in the drain water of the open hydroponic system were relatively high immediately after application and decreased rapidly during the following 3 days. In the closed hydroponic system, all the pesticides accumulated in the nutrient solution during the first 24 h after application and slowly decreased in concentration over the following 3 days. The spray operators applying these pesticides were exposed to rather high concentrations and the spray deposits were monitored on the chest and forehead of the operator. Endosulfan exhibited the highest concentrations of the seven pesticides. The organochlorine pesticides (endosulfan, dicofol and tetradifon) were usually detected at higher concentrations on the chest than on the forehead of the operator; pyrethroids were detected at higher concentrations on the forehead than on the chest of the operator.

Wilt diseases in Gerbera

In The netherlands, the glasshouse area used for cultivation of gerbera as a cutflower was strongly restricted in the past since dying off of the plants generally occurred and constituted a great risk for growers.