Quince Cultivars Research Articles

Comparison of physicochemical and bioactive contents of 36 different quince cultivars and genotypes

AbstractIn this study, 36 cultivars and genotypes of quince fruits were harvested as materials from the collection garden of Yalova Atatürk Horticultural Central Research Institute. This study aims to determine the nutritional contents of quince cultivars and genotypes, including vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid mg/100 g), reducing sugar content (glucose mg/100 g), mineral substances (N, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, K, Ca, Mg, P; mg/100 g, Ash %), total antioxidant activity (DPPH, FRAP, ABTS, CUPRAC; µmol/100 g TE), total phenolic content (mg/100 g GAE), SSC (%), titratable total acidity (%), and pH and color values (L*, a*, b*). Based on these evaluations, quince cultivars and types with the highest nutritional content beneficial to human health were determined. This study can contribute to recommending high-nutrient cultivars and types to producers for cultivation in broder areas and promoting their widespread adoption.

Free and glycosidically bound volatile compounds in quince (Cydonia oblonga Mill) from Kashmir, India

The study reports the presence of 87 free and glycosidically bound volatile compounds in two quince fruit cultivars (Round and Oblong). The major free volatile compounds were ethyl acetate,ethyl (E)-2-butenoate, hexyl butanoate, hexyl 2-methylbutanoate, ethyl 3- phenyl propanoate, α-farnesene, hexanal, 1-hexanol, dihydo-beta-ionol and linalool oxide. The major bound volatiles were ethyl acetate, hexyl pentafluoro propanoate, ethyl hexanoate, γ-elemene, cyclocitral, megastigmatrienone-II and dihydo-beta-ionol. Among all the volatiles, γ-elemene (in glycosidically bound form), cyclocitral, (E)-β-damascenone (in both free and bound form), were found for the first time in quince fruit. Odour activity values (OAVs) of most potent volatiles were calculated for both free and bound volatiles, with 11 compounds having an OAV above 1. Volatiles with higher OAVs in two varieties were β-ionone, (E)-β-damascenone, (Z, E)-α-farnesene, ethyl 2-methyl butanoate and hexanal, with the highest being 425 for (E)-β-damascenone as free form in ‘Round’ variety. In addition, the off-flavours released from quince juice after enzyme treatment or cooking were identified. In particular, megastigmatrienone-II was identified to contribute tobacco flavour. Thus, it can be concluded that variation in free and bound volatiles between the two quince cultivars resulted in the different organoleptic properties, which would assist consumers in selection of the desired quince cultivar.

The Response to Natural Infections with Erwinia amylovora Burrill of Five Quince (Cydonia oblonga Mill.) Cultivars in Bistrița Area, Romania

Erwinia amylovora is the most damaging bacterial disease of quince, causing a lot of damage to this crop. In cases of severe infections, this disease could even cause the death of the tree. The climatic conditions in Bistrita region were favourable for fire blight outbreak in 2022, and gave us the opportunity to study the differences manifested by five quince cultivars ('Aromate', 'Aurii' 'Bereczki', 'Adonia' and 'Cedonia') when naturally infected with Erwinia amylovora Burrill. The second wave of infections, in September, was significantly less damaging than the first one which occurred in June. Overall, after assessing the frequency of the blighted shoots of the mentioned quince cultivars, in June and in September of the year 2022, we concluded that there were significant differences between responses to natural infection Erwinia amylovora of these cultivars. The data showed that the cultivars 'Aromate' and 'Aurii' have a better behaviour than the Hungarian cultivar 'Bereczki', while the Romanian cultivars 'Adonia' and 'Cedonia' appeared to be very susceptible under the climatic conditions of the year 2022 in Bistrita area.

Distinguishing Seed Cultivars of Quince (Cydonia oblonga Mill.) Using Models Based on Image Textures Built Using Traditional Machine Learning Algorithms

Different cultivars of seeds may have different properties. Therefore, distinguishing cultivars may be important for seed processing and product quality. This study was aimed at revealing the usefulness of innovative models developed based on selected image textures built using traditional machine algorithms for cultivar classification of quince seeds. The quince seeds belonging to four cultivars ‘Uspiech’, ‘Leskovac’, ‘Bereczki’, and ‘Kaszczenko’ were considered. In total, 1629 image textures from different color channels for each seed were extracted from color images acquired using a flatbed scanner. Texture parameters were used to build models for a combined set of selected textures from all color channels, sets of selected textures from color spaces RGB, Lab, and XYZ, and individual color channels R, G, B, L, a, b, X, Y, and Z using algorithms from different groups. The most successful models were developed using the Logistic (group of Functions), IBk (Lazy), LogitBoost (Meta), LMT (Trees), and naïve Bayes (Bayes). The classification accuracy reached 98.75% in the case of a model based on a combined set of textures selected from images in all color channels developed using the Logistic algorithm. For most models, the greatest misclassification of cases was observed between seeds ‘Bereczki’ and ‘Kaszczenko’. The developed procedure can be used in practice to distinguish quince seeds in terms of a cultivar and avoid mixing seed cultivars with different properties intended for further processing.

Oviposition and olfactometry response of codling moth (Cydia pomonella) to quince (Cydonia oblonga) cultivars

AbstractQuince (Cydonia oblonga Miller) is one of the common hosts of the codling moth, Cydia pomonella L. Knowledge of the chemical ecology of codling moth is based on its behaviour against apples and pears but not quince. Here, we present a laboratory study on olfactometry and oviposition behavior preference of mated females and neonate larvae of codling moth against four quince cultivars. Oviposition of mated females was evaluated on dual‐choice test, whereas olfactometry response was evaluated in a Y‐tube olfactometer. Neonate larvae were evaluated in a dual‐choice test between pieces of fruit of quince cultivars in pairwise comparisons. In the Y‐tube olfactometer assay, mated females always responded positively to the fruit‐scented arm to quince fruit volatiles. Smyrna and Champion cultivars showed significant differences in the time that mated females spent in the fruit‐scented arm. In the oviposition assay, all pairwise comparisons showed significant differences in the number of the eggs laid, with Smyrna and Champion being the cultivars most preferred. No significant differences were detected in dual choice of neonate larvae. All comparisons elicited the behaviour of contacting the fruit source. Based on the potential emission of recognized kairomones and the results found here, cultivars Smyrna and Champion are suggested as cultivars most susceptible to codling moth infestation.

The effects of pollinizers, pollen and pistil quality, and fruit set of Japanese quince (Chaenomeles japonica) cultivars and perspective hybrids

The effects of pollinizers, pollen and pistil quality, and fruit set of Japanese quince (<i>Chaenomeles japonica</i>) cultivars and perspective hybrids

Results of Propagation of Three Cultivars of Japanese Quince (Chaenomeles Japonica)

Abstract The aim of the trial was to determine the optimal propagation methods for three Japanese quince cultivars. Rooting trials with cultivars ‘Darius’, ‘Rasa’, and ‘Rondo’ were conducted in 2017–2019 in a greenhouse, to investigate the rooting and shoot quality of softwood cuttings, using different treatments. At the beginning of fruit production, growth and amount of the first yield was evaluated depending on propagation method. Softwood cuttings of Japanese quince rooted well (average 82–93%) in a greenhouse with heated substrate and partly automated temperature and moisture control, in spite of different weather conditions during three vegetation periods. The best results for rooting were found for cultivar ‘Rondo’. On average, better results of rooting for all cultivars were obtained when cuttings were soaked in indolylbutiric acid solution and trichodermin was added to the substrate. Significant differences in length and diameter of the bush shoots found between years for both propagation methods and also between years for one type of propagation. On average, microproagated plants had the highest shoot length. After evaluating the first yield, no significant differences were found between cultivars during the first two trial years, but micro-propagated plants had significantly higher yield per bush.

Performance of Some Standard Quince Varieties under Ecological Conditions of Bafra, Samsun

This study was carried out to determine the phenological, morphological, pomological, and yield characteristics of some standard quince cultivars. The earliest flowering occurred in ‘Limon’, and the earliest harvest was recorded in ‘Gördes’ cultivar. There were statistical differences between cultivars and years in terms of the examined characteristics. The highest rootstock diameter was observed in ‘Limon’, and the highest stem diameter was recorded in ‘Gördes’ quince cultivar. In the study, fruit weight varied between 334.91-377.93 g, geometric diameter varied between 86.02-87.26 mm, flesh firmness varied between 11.33-11.71 kg cm-2, TSS content varied between 11.88-12.70 %, pH varied between 3.31-3.62, titratable acidity varied between 0.51-0.62 %. Fruit number per tree, yield per tree, yield per stem cross-section area, and yield per crown volume were higher in ‘Limon’ than in other cultivars. Among the cultivars, fruit number ranged from 33.07 to 51.62 tree -1, yield ranged from 9.82 to 15.41 kg tree -1, yield efficiency ranged from 0.61 to 0.95 kg cm-2, and yield per crown volume ranged from 8.78 to 12.01 kg m-3. Differences between cultivars in terms of L*, a*, and chroma were observed. While, no differences were determined between cultivars in terms of b* and hueo. Among the cultivars, L* value varied from 62.58 to 76.83, the chroma varied from 33.10 to 45.11, and the hueo varied from 111.98 to 115.06. As a result of the study, it can be said that the fruit yield and quality characteristics of ‘Limon’ cultivar were higher than the other cultivars.

Calcareous soils-induced changes in leaf nutrient availability in quince cultivars seedlings (Cydonia oblonga Mill.)

Calcareous soils-induced changes in leaf nutrient availability in quince cultivars seedlings (Cydonia oblonga Mill.)

Changes in the volatile profile of four cultivars of quince (Cydonia oblonga) produced by codling moth (Cydia pomonella) infestation

The production of quince (Cydonia oblonga Miller) is affected worldwide by codling moth (Cydia pomonella L.), an oligophagous pest. In this study, volatile compounds in healthy and infested fruits were collected from four cultivars of quince: Champion, Portugal, Smyrna and INTA 147. Volatiles were extracted by SPME and analyzed by GC-MS. Up to 30 compounds were identified in the volatile profiles of uninfested quinces, ranging from 90.9% to 98.4% of the total relative abundance. The volatile profile of all four cultivars of quince was similar, with (E,E)-α-farnesene and octanoic acid- ethyl ester as the main components. Infested fruits presented increased levels of (E,E)-α-farnesene, while minor compounds decreased significantly. Champion and Smyrna varieties might be more susceptible cultivars to infestation as their healthy fruits presented the highest contents of (E,E)-α-farnesene and Pear Ester, both codling moth kairomones. The role of these highly recognized kairomones in the chemical ecology of codling moth in quince is discussed.

Chaenomeles japonica (Maleae, Amygdaloideae, Rosaceae): validation of six Alberts Tīcs’ cultivar names and two new synonyms for the species

Chaenomeles is a rosaceous genus of Asian origin with eight species, including four artificially created hybrids. Several species of this genus are used in many countries for ornamental plants and fruit production. As a result of many years of breeding work in Latvia, Alberts Tīcs selected six Chaenomeles japonica (Japanese quince) cultivars. Unfortunately, when publishing the descriptions of his cultivars, he does not comply with the requirements of the International Code of Nomenclature for cultivated plants because the names of newly introduced cultivars are not validly published. In his publications on the cultivation of Chaenomeles, Tīcs has introduced new scientific names, which have been published without complying with the requirements of the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants. The validation of Tīcs’ cultivar names has been performed here, and the names—Chaenomeles maulei f. pomifera-inermis nom. nud. and Chaenomeles ×pomoidea nom. nud.—have been recognized as new synonyms of Chaenomeles japonica. Descriptions have been provided for all Alberts Tīcs’ cultivars.

Effect of Different Drying Methods on Biochemical Properties of ‘Eşme’ Quince Cultivar

Çalışma, ‘Eşme’ ayva çeşidinin L*, a*, b*, pH, suda çözünebilir kuru madde, titre edilebilir asitlik, C vitamini, toplam fenolik, toplam flavonoid ve antioksidan aktivitesi üzerine farklı kurutma yöntemlerinin etkisini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Ayva dilimlerinde kurutma işlemi doğal, etüv ve mikrodalga fırında olmak üzere 3 yönteme göre gerçekleştirilmiştir. Kurutma yöntemlerine göre, suda çözünebilir kuru madde içeriği %43.47 (mikrodalga fırın)-%54.07 (etüv), titre edilebilir asitlik %0.25 (doğal ve etüv)-0.26 (mikrodalga fırın), C vitamini içeriği 43.67 (etüv)-57.37 (mikrodalga fırın) mg 100 g-1, toplam fenolik 424.6 (mikrodalga fırın)-610.9 (doğal) mg 100 g-1, toplam flavonoid 103.7 (mikrodalga fırın)-201.7 (etüv) mg 100 g-1, antioksidan aktivitesi 1.07 (mikrodalga fırın)-1.87 (doğal) mmol 100 g-1 (DPPH testine göre) ve 2.45 (mikrodalga fırın)-5.57 (doğal) mmol 100 g-1 (FRAP testine göre) arasında belirlenmiştir. Bunun yanında, renk özellikleri ile bazı biyokimyasal özellikler arasında önemli ilişkiler tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, doğal kurutma yönteminin insan sağlığını teşvik eden fenolikler ve antioksidanlar üzerine olumlu etkisinin olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Physical and Biochemical Properties of ‘Ekmek’ Quince Cultivar Grown in Taşova (Amasya) District

Çalışma, Amasya ili Taşova ilçesinde yetiştirilen ‘Ekmek’ ayva çeşidinin fiziksel ve biyokimyasal özelliklerini belirlemek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada meyve ağırlığı 305.43 g, meyve eti sertliği 62.50 N, suda çözünebilir kuru madde miktarı %11.64, titre edilebilir asitlik %0.83, C vitamini içeriği 11.60 mg/100 ml, glikoz içeriği 3.10 g/100 ml, sukroz içeriği 1.87 g/100 ml, fruktoz içeriği 7.62 g/100 ml, toplam fenolik 121.8 mg/100 g, toplam flavonoid 18.4 mg/100 g, antioksidan aktivitesi DPPH testine göre 0.46 mmol/100 g ve FRAP testine göre 2.67 mmol/100 g olarak belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, ‘Ekmek’ ayva çeşidinin insan sağlığına faydalı ve hastalıklara karşı koruyucu bir etkiye sahip olan fenolikler ve antioksidanlar bakımından zengin olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Evaluation of Vegetative and Reproductive Characteristics of Some Quince (Cydonia Oblonga Mill.) Genotypes from Central Regions of Iran

ABSTRACT Identification and differentiation of quince cultivars and genotypes are more difficult than other members of the pomoideae sub-family due to the more limited range of traits of this species. This research was conducted to study the vegetative and reproductive traits of quince germplasm in the central regions of Iran and to identify important traits in the differentiation of these cultivars and genotypes. For this, 11 cultivars and genotypes collected from Isfahan province in the collection of the Agricultural Research Center were compared during 2018 to 2020 according to the National Guideline for Distinctness, Uniformity, and Stability (DUS) in quince. Fifty-five traits related to this guideline were considered along with 10 vegetative and fruit complementary traits. The results showed significant diversity in all plant organs and the general shape of the tree. Traits such as growth vigor, pubescence density, internode length, leaf dimensions, angle of leaf apex, flower size, petal arrangement, the undulation of petal margin, flowering time, fruit size, neck length, prominences of around the eyes, and fruit ripening time played an essential role in the differentiation of cultivars and genotypes. Cluster analysis divided cultivars and genotypes into four main groups. This grouping was able to divide the studied germplasm based on quantitative and qualitative characteristics as well as their collection location. NB4 and KVD2 genotypes are among the promising genotypes due to the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the fruit.

Investigation of Phenolic Composition and Anticancer Properties of Ethanolic Extracts of Japanese Quince Leaves.

Glioblastoma multiforme is an aggressive and invasive disease with no efficient therapy available, and there is a great need for finding alternative treatment strategies. This study aimed to investigate anticancer activity of the extracts of the Japanese quince (JQ) cultivars ‘Darius’, ‘Rondo’, and ‘Rasa’ leaf extracts on glioblastoma C6 and HROG36 cells. As identified by ultra high performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry, the extracts contained three prevailing groups of phenols: hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives; flavan-3-ols; and flavonols. Sixteen phenols were detected; the predominant compound was chlorogenic acid. The sum of detected phenols varied significantly between the cultivars ranging from 9322 µg/g (‘Rondo’) to 17,048 µg/g DW (‘Darius’). Incubation with the extracts decreased the viability of glioblastoma HROG36 cells with an efficiency similar to temozolomide, a drug used for glioblastoma treatment. In the case of C6 glioblastoma cells, the extracts were even more efficient than temozolomide. Interestingly, primary cerebellar neuronal-glial cells were significantly less sensitive to the extracts compared to the cancer cell lines. The results showed that JQ leaf ethanol extracts are rich in phenolic compounds, can efficiently reduce glioblastoma cell viability while preserving non-cancerous cells, and are worth further investigations as potential anticancer drugs.

Pollen tube growth and fruit set in quince (Cydonia oblonga Mill.)

Aim of study: To determine the self-compatibility level of eight quince cultivars.Area of study: The region of Belgrade (Central Serbia).Material and methods: Pollen tube growth in vivo and fruit set in two pollination variants (self- and open-pollination) were studied in eight quince cultivars. The quantitative parameters of pollen tube growth (average number of pollen tubes in the upper and middle third of the style, base of the style and in the ovary; the dynamics of pollen tube growth through these parts of the pistil) was determined using the fluorescence microscopy.Main results: The parameters of pollen tube growth and fruit set were primarily dependent on the genotype and variants of pollination. All studied parameters were significantly higher in the open-pollination variant compared with the self-pollination in all cultivars. In the self-pollination variant, ʻLeskovackaʼ and ʻVranjskaʼ had the highest number of pollen tubes that penetrated the ovary (2.10 and 0.54 in average, respectively), as well as the largest percentage of pistils with the penetration of pollen tubes in the nucellus of ovules six days after pollination (40.09% and 14.74%). Also, they had the highest percentage of initial fruit set (17.01% and 28.52%) and final fruit set (9.32% and 9.86%). Based on this, ʻLeskovackaʼ and ʻVranjskaʼ can be classified as self-compatible cultivars, while the others are self-incompatible.Research highlights: The majority of quince cultivars were self-incompatible. When establishing new orchards with these cultivars, care should be taken about the choice of pollenisers in order to achieve high yields.

Impact of the harvest year of three cultivars of Japanese quince (Chaenomeles japonica) on the oil content and its composition

The impact of the harvest year of three cultivars (‘Rondo’, ‘Darius’ and ‘Rasa’) of Japanese quince (Chaenomeles japonica) on the seed oil content and its composition (fatty acids, tocopherols, sterols and squalene) were studied. All three tested cultivars responded similarly to variable abiotic factors in different years. In most cases, the harvest year and cultivar had a significant impact (p < 0.05) on the obtained oil content from the Japanese quince seed, as well as its chemical composition. The levels of two main fatty acids (C18:1 and C18:2) can be strongly associated with the temperature during August. While the concentration of squalene and phytosterols seems to be strongly related to each other in subsequent harvest years for each cultivar, most probably due to the biosynthesis pathway of both compounds. Despite the influence of both factors (harvest year and cultivar), the observed differences in levels of oil and its composition were within 10–50 %; such information that may be used as stable descriptors of product quality to guide decisions on potential industrial applications.

The effect of temperature on pollen germination and pollen tube growth of quince cultivars

The effect of temperature on pollen germination and pollen tube growth of quince cultivars

Composição mineral dos frutos de cinco cultivares de marmeleiro na região de Alcobaça

The mineral composition of the fruits depends on the species, the nutritional status of the plants, soil fertility, climate conditions and the cultural practices. The present study aimed to evaluate mineral nutrient accumulation in peel and pulp of the fruits of five quince cultivars grown in the Portuguese Region of Alcobaca, to provide information to crop fertilization recommendations. In fresh fruits from quince cultivars, Gamboa, Champion, Giant of Vranja, Fabre and Portugal, the mineral contents of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu and B were determined. In peel the obtained range values for macro- and micronutrients, expressed as mg kg - 1 FW, were as folows: N [773; 1124], P [139; 286], K [1188; 1825], Ca [143; 212], Mg [105; 146], S [66; 109], Fe [2.84; 4.47], Mn [0.28; 0.59], Zn [1.59; 3.05], Cu [1.19; 1.83] e B [1.97; 4.35]. In pulp the obtained range values for macro- and micronutrients, expressed as mg kg -1 FW, were as folows: N [343; 661], P [98; 170], K [1151; 1582], Ca [79; 106], Mg [53; 85], S [23; 49], Fe [0.90; 1.17], Mn [0.09; 0.21], Zn [0.92; 1.85], Cu [0.73; 1.05] e B [1.41; 3.06]. According to the obtained results, the fruits of Giant of Vranja and Fabre cultivars demonstrated the highest mineral contents, except for Mn. The level of the mineral nutrient accumulation in peel was always higher than in pulp. Giant of Vranja cultivar presented the highest content of all nutrients in pulp.

Japanese Quince (Chaenomeles japonica) as a Potential Source of Phenols: Optimization of the Extraction Parameters and Assessment of Antiradical and Antimicrobial Activities.

The value of fruits is determined by the quantity and variety of biologically active compounds they contain, and their benefits on human health. This work presents the first study of the biochemical composition and antibacterial activity of the new Japanese quince (JQ) cultivars ‘Darius’, ‘Rondo’, and ‘Rasa’ fruits. The total phenolic content (TPC) was determined using the Folin–Ciocalteu method and each compound was identified by HPLC High Performance Liquid Chromatography. The antimicrobial activity against three Gram-positive and three Gram-negative bacteria, and one yeast strain, was evaluated by the agar well diffusion method using three different concentrations. The free radical scavenging activity was determined using DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS (2,2′-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) methods and ranged from 99.1 to 115.9 μmolTE/100 g, and from 372 to 682 μmolTE/100 g, respectively. TPC ranged from 3906 to 4550 mgGAE/100 g, and five compounds, isoquercitrin, rutin, (+)-catechin, (–)-epicatechin, and chlorogenic acid were identified. All JQ extracts possessed antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212) was the most sensitive strain. These results indicate that JQ fruits are a significant source of bio-compounds, which can enrich the diet with strong antioxidants, and they are very promising as a substitute for chemical preservatives in the food and cosmetic industry.