Cultivars Festival Research Articles

Effect of Water Stress and Nano Selenium on Growth and Multiplication of Strawberry Shoots (Fragaria X ananassa Duch) in Vitro

The experiment was conducted in the plant tissue culture laboratory of the Department of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering, College of Agriculture, Al-Qasim Green University. For the purpose of evaluating the tolerance of celery cultivar Festival to water stress in vitro using three concentrations of polyethylene glycol (PEG) (4, 0.2 mg L-1) and three concentrations of nano selenium (Se) (4, 2, 0 mg L-1) in the growth and multiplication of strawberry shoots. The apical meristem taken from the purlins of the aforementioned cultivar, which was obtained from Najaf Research Department - Agricultural Research Department - Iraqi Ministry of Agriculture, was cultivated in the MS medium (Murashige and Skoog) supplied with (1 mg L-1BA + 0. mg L-1). IBA + 80 mg L-1adenine sulfate) for 4 weeks, Then the percentage of surviving plants, the average number of shoots formed, their lengths, the number of leaves, and their fresh and dry weights were calculated as indicators of their response and tolerance to water stress. The results showed a significant reduction in the percentage of plant survival, the number of branches and their lengths, the number of leaves, and their fresh and dry weights when the concentration of polyethylene glycol (PEG) in the multiplication medium was increased. The lowest values were recorded at a concentration of 4 mg L-1compared to the highest results when the control treatment was 0 mg L-1. As for the nano selenium, the highest values were recorded at a concentration of 4 mg L-1compared to the lowest results when the comparison treatment was 0 mg L-1.

EFFECT OF PLANTING DATES AND AGRICULTURAL MEDIA ON SOME GROWTH AND YIELD PROPERTIES OF STRAWBERRY CV. FESTIVAL UNDER GREEN HOUSE CONDITION

The study was done in an unwarmed plastic house of Department of Horticulture and Garden Engineering, Agriculture college, Baghdad University the Alternative location of Al−Anbar University to study the effect of planting dates and Agricultural media and their interactions on some properties of growth and yield of strawberry cultivar festival for the season of 2016−2017. The study included 12 treatments of interactions of three planting dates (16/10/2016, 3/11/2016 and 21/11/2016) named D1,D2,D3 respectively, and four Agricultural media 100% sandy loam soil (control medium), sandy loam soil with peatmoss and composted sheep manure, sandy loam soil with peatmoss and composted calf manure, sandy loam soil with peatmoss and composted poultry manure in the ratios of (2:1:1) respectively These named M0, M1, M2 and M3 respectively. The study according to (R.C.B.D) with three replicates means were compared using L.S.D test on 5% probability. The results showed the superiority of early planting in the first planting day since it recorded the highest means for leafes number (30.10 leaf plant ˗1), leaf area (1342.92 cm2. plant ˗1), vegetative dry weight (13.51 g. plant ˗1), harvested fruits number (10.72 fruit Plant ˗1), fruit weight and total yield of plant reached of respectively (11.25 g fruit ˗1, 124.925 g plant˗1). From the other hand, planting in mixed organic media ledge significant increases in all growth and yield parameters comparing with control medium (M0).

Effects of high temperature on in vitro tuberization and accumulation of stress-responsive proteins in potato

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) plants are highly vulnerable to heat stress. Even moderately elevated temperatures can disturb the process of tuberization in this important crop, causing a decline in tuber initiation, a reduction in tuber bulking, and tuber disorders. In the present study, we investigated the effects of heat stress on tuberization in two potato cultivars, the heat-sensitive cultivar Desiree and the heat-tolerant cultivar Festival, using an in vitro system. A temperature of 29 °C reduced tuber initiation and tuber bulking, and stimulated shoot elongation in cv. Desiree, while this temperature treatment did not significantly alter tuberization or shoot elongation in cv. Festival. In addition, high temperature interfered with the onset of microtuber dormancy and promoted growth of tuber apical buds during the tuber bulking stage in both cultivars. Stress-responsive proteins HSP17.6-CI, HSP101, and eEF1A showed heat-induced accumulation patterns in shoots and microtubers of these two cultivars, with the exception of a decline in the abundance of eEF1A in cv. Desiree microtubers under heat stress. High levels of HSP17.6-CI in microtubers of cv. Desiree did not ameliorate the effects of heat stress on tuberization of this relatively heat-sensitive cultivar. Conversely, a higher level of eEF1A under heat stress in microtubers of the heat-tolerant cv. Festival indicated a possible function of this protein in alleviating the negative effects of high temperature on potato tuberization. This study suggested that analysis of stress-responsive proteins in potato microtubers combined with assessment of tuberization parameters in vitro may represent a useful screening procedure for selection of heat-tolerant potato genotypes.

MECHANICAL BRUISING TO STRAWBERRY CAUSED BY VIBRATIONAL EQUIPMENT

Packaged strawberry of two cultivars grown in Egypt were submitted to vibrational equipment. During test, the accelerations at three different positions of the column of crates were measured. Vibrational energy during transportation fruits was 1200 J/kg resulting bruise 7, 7.3% for the two cultivars Festival and Fortuna, resp. Bruise due to vibration stress occurred in 25 and 48.2% for Festival and Fortuna cultivars, respectively. The degree of maturity of 80-85% to less damage, where the proportion of the damage with the highest vibratory energy (2100 J/kg), while 25%. Exposed strawberries placed in the middle crate into the biggest damage where the percentage of damage to 50% at the end of the storage period.

Adubação nitrogenada sobre a ocorrência de doenças em pós-colheita do morango

RESUMO Avaliou-se o efeito de doses de nitrogênio, aplicadas em campo, sobre as doenças pós-colheita nos cultivares de morango Camino Real, Festival e Oso Grande. O nitrogênio, tendo como fonte a ureia, foi avaliado na dose recomendada total (100%), com base na recomendação oficial para a cultura, e mais 3 doses inferiores (83, 67 e 50% do recomendado), tanto no plantio como em cobertura. Os frutos foram colhidos e pesados com 75% da superfície de cor vermelho-brilhante. Doze frutos por parcela foram amostrados em 3 coletas a partir da segunda florada e avaliados quanto à incidência das doenças durante 5 dias de armazenamento a 25°C e 85% de umidade relativa. A identificação das doenças foi feita diariamente com base nos sintomas e sinais dos patógenos. Não foi observado efeito das doses de nitrogênio na produção de frutos e na incidência das doenças, expressa em área abaixo da curva de progresso da doença (AACPD). A maior produção foi observada nos cultivares Festival e Oso Grande. A incidência total de doenças não diferiu significativamente entre os cultivares. O mofo cinzento foi a principal doença, com incidência superior a 30%, seguido da podridão mole de Rhizopus e podridão de levedura.

Karakter Fenotipik Tanaman Stroberi Festival (Fragaria x ananassa D.) Hasil Induksi Kolkisin Pada Konsentrasi 0,05% dan 0,01%

Strawberries were a lot of holticulture commodities consumed by the people of Indonesia. Strawberry consumption continues to increase over time in Indonesia but not matched by production. This it because the strawberry is native to subtropical climate so that production in Indonesia limited in the plateau regional still affected by the tropical climate. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the production of both quality and quantity of strawberries, one with plant breeding through the induction of colchicine. The objective of this research were to determine the differences in phenotypic characters of strawberry plants with the control and induction results to determine the length of time and the induction colchicine 0,05% and 0,01% on the Festival cultivar of strawberry most effective. Research were done by inducing with 0,05% and 0,01% colchicine in leaves, roots 24 hours and 36 hour, the root and leaves of 24 and 36 hour. The observed for 6 months long leaf growth, leaf width, number of leaves, stem circumference, plant height, bloom vast flower and volumes of the fruit. The results indicate that the induction of the leaf growth at the optimal parameter leaf lenghth, leaf width and number of leaves. While 24-hour induction of root growth at optimum height and volume of fruit plants, then root induction at 36 hour to flowers bloom. Induction in root and leaves 36 hour optimum growth on trunck circumference. From this study it could be concluded that there are differences in the character of the strawberry crop cultivar Festival phenotype induction results colchicine 0,05% and 0,01% with control. Induction for 36 hours and induction on leaves was most effective for induction of strawberry cultivar Festival. Key words : Character phenotype, Festival, Colchicine.

Production of strawberry cultivars in closed hydroponic systems and coconut fibre substrate

The objective of this work was to evaluate yield and average fruit weight of strawberry cultivars Albion, Camarosa, Festival and Oso Grande, in two closed hydroponic systems (gutters and grow bags), using coconut fibre as substrate. The experimental design was of randomised blocks, divided into strips, with five replications. The hydroponic systems did not differ significantly as to yield, with advantages, such as savings in water and fertilizer and reduced environmental impact, over open systems. The most productive cultivar was Festival, followed by Oso Grande, with average yields of 6.99 kg m-2 and 5.56 kg m-2 respectively. The cultivars with the greatest fruit weight were Oso Grande and Albion, having averages of 11.8 and 11.1 g respectively, with the former being significantly superior to the latter. The highest yield (7.4 kg m-2) was obtained from the cultivar Festival under the gutter system. The Ibiapaba region has conditions which are favourable to strawberry production in relation to precocity (harvesting starts in the 6th week of growth) and production continues throughout the year; however there is a need to test new cultivars and to improve the cultivation techniques with an aim to producing larger-sized fruit.

Yields and resistance of strawberry cultivars to crown and root diseases in the field, and cultivar responses to pathogens under controlled environment conditions.

Devastating outbreaks of crown and root diseases have impacted severely on commercial strawberry production in Western Australia (W.A.). Studies were conducted to evaluate the yields, and resistance of three commercial strawberry cultivars to crown and root diseases, both in fumigated and non-fumigated field beds, and to determine the responses of eight commercial cultivars to individual pathogens under controlled conditions. In the field, cv. Camino Real showed the greatest fruit yield both in fumigated and non-fumigated beds, and was the most disease-resistant cultivar. Each cultivar had a greater fruit yield and a lower amount of plant decline in fumigated beds, compared with non-fumigated beds. Both for fumigated and non-fumigated beds, the amount of plant decline increased from August to November, particularly in non-fumigated beds. Under controlled conditions, cv. Festival was most resistant and cv. Camarosa most susceptible to wilt-causing Fusarium oxysporum . Against binucleate Rhizoctonia AG-A, Cylindrocarpon destructans and Phoma exigua , cv. Festival was most resistant and cv. Aromas most susceptible. Cultivar Camino Real was the most resistant to Gnomonia fructicola and Phytophthora cactorum and cv. Festival most resistant to Pythium ultimum . Against Macrophomina phaseolina , cv. Albion was the most resistant with cv. Camarosa the most susceptible. Cultivar Camarosa, the most widely grown cultivar in W.A., was most susceptible to F. oxysporum , while cv. Camino Real was resistant to F. oxysporum both in the field and the controlled environment conditions. Cultivar Festival is the most resistant cultivar to F. oxysporum and a range of different pathogens. The Australian bred cv. Juliette was as susceptible as cv. Camarosa to F. oxysporum, but relatively resistant to binucleate Rhizoctonia AG-A. This is the first study, not only to define the relative yield potentials of different cultivars in a situation where crown and root disease prevails in the field, but also to demonstrate differential resistance of current cultivars to specific pathogens associated with crown and root disease in W.A. For the first time, growers can now make informed choices about the cultivars they can deploy to minimise losses caused by diseases.

PRODUCCIÓN DE HIJAS DE ESTOLONES EN DOS VARIEDADES DE FRESA (<i>Fragaria spp</i>) EN EL CASTILLITO, LAS SABANAS, MADRIZ.

La presente investigación fue realizada con el objetivo deevaluar la tasa potencial de propagación de dos cultivares defresa (Fragaria spp), bajo las condiciones agroclimáticas de lacomunidad El Castillito, Municipio Las Sabanas, Departamentode Madriz, Nicaragua. Los cultivares utilizados fueron la Festivaly Britget, los cuales se establecieron en un diseño experimentalde bloques completos al azar. Como material de propagación seutilizaron coronas provenientes de la parcela de un agricultor dela comunidad las que se sembraron a distancias de 80 cm entresurcos con distancias entre plantas de 40 cm y 80 cm. El manejode la plantación se realizó de forma orgánica: las plantas fueronfertilizadas con lombrihumus a base de estiércol de ganado, elcontrol de insectos se hizo con neem, el control de enfermedadescon caldo sulfocálcico y el manejo de las hierbas de formamanual. La respuesta de las variables: Número de hojas, Altura deplanta, Cobertura de planta evaluados en la planta madre tuvieronun comportamiento similar bajo el efecto de las dos distanciasde siembra para las dos variedades. Una respuesta similar seencontró en la variable Número de hojas en hijas de estolón. Sinembargo, las variables Número de estolones y Número de plantashijas por planta madre difirieron estadísticamente tanto al efectode la variedad como a la distancia de siembra entre planta. Ladistancia de siembra entre planta de 80 cm desarrolló en promedio2.2 estolones para una producción de 7.3 hijas, en cambio ladistancia de 40 cm registró el desarrollo de 0.75 estolones con 4.4hijas. En cuanto a la variedad, la Festival presentó una producciónde 7.9 hijas, mayor que la producción de la Britget con 3.8 hijas.Palabras clave: Fragaria; estolón; planta hija; propagación;cultivar; coronas; planta madre; lombrihumus; biofertilizanteDOI: 10.5377/calera.v9i12.6

Sugar and acid-related quality attributes and enzyme activities in strawberry fruits: Invertase is the main sucrose hydrolysing enzyme

This paper presents sugar and organic acid content and composition, the principal determinants of flavour, of strawberries of the cultivars Festival and Ventana at four consecutive developmental stages. The metabolite profiles of these two cultivars were very similar. Glucose was the predominant sugar at approximately twice the concentration of fructose and sucrose. Total acid concentrations were five times lower than total sugar concentrations in ripe berries, with citrate comprising roughly two thirds of the total acid content. The maximum extractable catalytic activities of key enzymes in the relevant metabolic pathways were also quantified during berry development, in an attempt to elucidate possible correlations. Sucrose synthase activity was very low or undetected, while neutral invertase activity was relatively high, suggesting that sucrose synthase does not make a significant contribution to sink strength in these cultivars. Three enzymes, invertase, pyrophosphate-dependent phosphofructokinase (PFP) and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase), showed distinct activity patterns during development and may affect sugar and acid accumulation and sugar composition of strawberries.

Biological control of onion white rot

Six bacteria and one fungus isolated from sclerotia of Sclerotium cepivorum, the causal agent of white rot of onions, produced diffusible antibiotics antagonistic to growth of S. cepivorum on potato dextrose agar. Three of the bacterial isolates applied as seed treatments to onions grown in non-sterile muck soil in a controlled environment chamber reduced the proportion of infections by S. cepivorum. Antagonists were further evaluated as seed treatments for field control of white rot on two onion cultivars grown on muck soil containing high levels of natural inoculum. Four of the bacterial isolates provided significant season-long protection on the partially-resistant cultivar Festival, and the best of these also provided significant protection on the susceptible cultivar Autumn Spice. The fungal antagonist has been identified as Penicillium nigricans, and all bacterial isolates appear to be Bacillus subtilis. The levels of protection provided by some of these latter isolates were comparable to those provided by chemical treatments and represent practical potential for field control of white rot.