Cucumber Varieties Research Articles

Variety, mulch and stage of inoculation effects on incidence of tomato spotted wilt virus disease in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)

Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) vectored by thrips is one of the major diseases affecting cucumber yield. Control of thrips is an underlying factor in its management. A study was conducted to determine the effect of time of inoculation, variety and mulch on disease incidence. Four varieties were inoculated with TSWV at cotyledon, 3 – 4 leaf and flower bud stages in a RCBD experiment replicated four times in a greenhouse. In the field, a 2×8 factorial design where two cucumber varieties were raised on seven types of mulches (red, yellow, silver, clear, black, white, and straw) with unmulched plots as controls was used. Variety Marketer was more tolerant to the disease compared to other varieties. Most varieties were generally tolerant to TSWV at cotyledonous but susceptible at 3 – 4 leaf and flower bud stages. Silver and clear mulches significantly suppressed thrip populations, yield and quality under field conditions.

IMPROVING OF F1 HYBRIDS CUCUMBER (CUCUMIS SATIVUS L.) VARIETIES FOR GREENHOUSE SPRING CULTIVATION

Research was conducted for improving of F1 hybrid cucumber varieties suitable for spring cultivation in greenhouses. 14 parents (10 female and 4 male parents) were selected from the Bati Akdeniz Agricultural Research Institute (BAARI) cucumber germplasm in 2004 and 40 F1 hybrids obtained. The hybrids were evaluated for early and total yield per plant (g/bitki), total and early yield per decare (t/da), average fruit weight (g), the number of fruits per plant, plant height (total length of first 15 internodes), length of internodes, number of female flowers per node, number of fruits per node in greenhouse conditions throughout 2005 spring cultivation season and then promising F1 hybrids were determined. Total yield and early yield ranged from 2627 to 4148 g/plant and 1320 to 2290 g/plant, and ranged from 8,67 to 13,69 t/da and 4,36 to 7,56 t/da, respectively. Avarage fruit weight was 134 to 196 g and 16 to 35 fruits obtained per plant. At the end of the research only three hybrid combinations (A1XB1, A8XB1 and A6XB4) from 40 hybrid combinations were found the combiners for yield and yield component.

Morphological and molecular characterization of Oidium subgenus Reticuloidium (powdery mildew) newly occurred on cucumber in Japan

In 2002, a powdery mildew with catenate conidia lacking fibrosin bodies was found on cucumber in a greenhouse in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. Morphological observation revealed that the fungus belongs to Oidium subgenus Reticuloidium, anamorph of the genus Golovinomyces. Molecular phylogenetic analyses of the nucleotide sequences of the rDNA ITS regions and D1/D2 domains of the 28S rDNA indicated that the fungus belongs to the clade of G. orontii with other Golovinomyces fungi from a wide range of host plants, suggesting that the fungus was newly transported from abroad. Because there has been no prior report of cucumber powdery mildew caused by Reticuloidium, further research on the physiology, epidemiology, control and resistant cucumber varieties is required.

Determination of the Optimal Nitrogen Content in a Fertigation Medium for the Greenhouse Cucumber Grown on Slabs of Compressed Straw

Determination of the Optimal Nitrogen Content in a Fertigation Medium for the Greenhouse Cucumber Grown on Slabs of Compressed Straw In the years 2004-2008, research work was carried out whose aim was to determine the optimal nitrogen fertilization dose for greenhouse cucumbers grown on mats made of compressed, finely shredded straw. In the experiments, the short-fruited variety of the greenhouse cucumber, Milenium F1, was used. The level of nitrogen in the nutrient solution was varied in the range of 200-350 mg·dm-3. The nitrogen content in the solution in the amount of 200 mg·dm-3 was not sufficient and caused the cucumber yield to fall. The increasing N concentrations in the medium were found to have a significant effect on the nitrogen content in the indicator parts of cucumber plants. The highest nitrogen content was found in the plants fertilized with a nutrient solution containing the highest concentration of N-NO3, which was 350 mg·dm-3. Cucumber plants grown on straw need to be more intensely fertilized with nitrogen for about 1/3 of the growing season, and then to have its level in the fertigation medium reduced for the remaining part of the cultivation period.

Quantitative Trait Loci for Resistance to Powdery Mildew in Cucumber under Seedling Spray Inoculation and Leaf Disc Infection

AbstractPowdery mildew (PM) is an economically important disease of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) caused by the obligate biotrophic pathogen, Podosphaera xanthii, in greenhouse and field. In this study, a resistant breeding line S06 (greenhouse European type) and a susceptible cucumber inbred line S94 (Northern China open‐field type) and their F2:3 populations were used to investigate PM resistance under seedling spray inoculation in two growing seasons and leaf disc infection in one season. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis was undertaken based on a constructed molecular linkage map of the corresponding F2 population using composite interval mapping. Five QTL (PM1.1, PM1.2, PM2.1, PM2.2 and PM5.1) for PM resistance were identified and located on linkage groups (LG) 1, 2 and 5, explaining 3.4–45.0% of the phenotypic variation. Three consistent QTL (PM1.1, PM2.1 and PM5.1) were detected under the three test conditions. The present results of the QTL analysis for PM resistance have laid a basis for breeding PM‐resistant cucumber varieties by molecular marker‐assisted selection.

Efficient embryo induction in cucumber ovary culture and homozygous identification of the regenetants using SSR markers

Several factors, i.e. the duration of thermal shock pretreatment at 35 °C, the concentrations of TDZ and the silver nitrate were investigated for their effects on embryo formation in a variety of cucumber ( Cucumis sativus L) ovary culture. The results showed that a thermal shock for 3 days at 35 °C at the start of the culture resulted in higher frequency of embryo formation than 2 or 4 days. TDZ had a positive effect on the embryo formation. Highest embryo formation frequency (72.7%) was recorded by adding 0.04 mg/L TDZ into the induction medium. The results found that addition of AgNO 3 to induction medium had no significant effect on frequency of embryo formation but shortened embryo sprouting period and improved number of embryos formed in each ovary slice. All the experiment materials responded well to ovary culture, and there were no difference among genotypes used in this study. Among the forty regenerated plants obtained, two were identified as haploid plants (2 n = x = 7), five were tetraploid plants (2 n = 4 x = 28), and the rest were diploid plants. Microsatellite markers (SSR) were used to analyze the homozygosity of the diploid plants, the putative chromosome-doubled haploids. Of the 33 diploid plants, 17 (51.5%) were identified as double haploids. Based on the above results, we have established a useful protocol for production of cucumber doubled haploids with ovary culture.

Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) relationship analysis using RAPD-PCR and isozyme methods

RAPD-PCR method and isozyme analysis were used to obtain information of genetic relationship among cucumber varieties. Such information is urgently utilized to support plant breeding program of cucumber. Research was done at the Biotechnology Laboratory of Plant Pest and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture of Brawijaya University, Malang and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Matemathic and Natural Sciences of Brawijaya University, Malang. DNA isolation was done using CTAB method by additional NaCl modification. Sixteen primers from operon were employed to amplify DNA genome by RAPD-PCR. Two enzymes, Esterase and AAT were chosen for isozyme analysis. Clad 97 Program was used for analyzing the data and results in data grouping based on proximity value. Cluster analysis based on isozyme data indicated that there was an adequate lower genetic variation in cucumber, where seven of nine tested varieties showed proximity value of 1.00. Eleven of sixteen primers in RAPD-PCR analysis produced DNA bands. Relativity analysis by using RAPD-PCR method showed high enough of genetic variation. Relativity analysis by using both methods showed that variety 07 was the furthermost. The proximity value between varieties 01 and 02 was 0.916667, these varieties have the higest proximity value among allvarieties.© 2008 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: Cucumis sativus L., RAPD-PCR, isozyme.

Effect of root exudates of different resistant varieties of cucumber on fusarium wilt and preliminary studies on their resistance mechanism

This study investigated the effect of root exudates of cucumber varieties, Jinyan 4 (susceptible variety), Jinchun 4 (resistant variety) and Yinnan Black seed squash on fusarium wilt. The results showed that fusarium wilt occurrence of plants treated with the root exudate of Jinyan 4 was earlier. The infection rate was significantly higher 15 days after inoculation, but similar to the control 20 days after inoculation. In contrast, the infection rate of plants treated with the root exudate of Jinchun 4 was significantly lower than that of the control. The plant height and fresh weight of Jinyan 4 treated with its own root exudate were lower than those of the control, and the root vigor decreased but the conductance increased. There was no significant effect of the root exudates from Jinchun 4 and Black seed squash on plant height and fresh mass of Jinyan 4. We found that the root exudate of susceptible cucumber variety stimulated the growth of Fusarium oxysporum pathogen, in contrast, that of resistance variety and Black seed squash suppressed the growth.

Effect of the Colour of Light on Cucumber (Cucumis Sativus L.) Seedlings

Effect of the Colour of Light on Cucumber (Cucumis Sativus L.) Seedlings Seedlings of a greenhouse variety of cucumber, Marinda F1, were produced in a growth chamber under fluorescent lamps emitting ‘daylight’ and blue light, each at quantum irradiance of 50, 55 or 60 μmol·m-2·s-1. The seedlings were assessed in terms of growth dynamics, the more important morphological features and the concentration of selected pigments in fresh leaf weight. It was found that plants growing under blue lamps were taller, had longer internodes, a thicker stem and a higher dry matter content in fresh shoot weight. The number of leaves was not dependent on either the colour of light or the level of quantum irradiance. However, plant height, internode length and stem thickness, and dry matter content in fresh shoot weight increased as the irradiance level increased from 50 to 60 μmol·m-2·s-1. At the highest level of quantum irradiance, the concentrations of chlorophyll and carotenoids were greater in the leaves of plants grown in ‘daylight’. The concentration of anthocyanins did not depend on the colour of light or the level of quantum irradiance.

SENSORY ANALYSIS OF CUCUMBER VARIETIES AT DIFFERENT HARVEST TIMES II. PICKLING CUCUMBERS

During the period 2001-2002 sensory analysis of six salad cucumber varieties was carried out. The aim of this experiment was to assess the influence of the harvest time on the fruit sensory properties. Flesh colour was the most stable character while appearance, skin colour, aroma, texture, taste and total sensory evaluation varied during the three investigated harvest periods. Two-way analysis of variance proved significant effect of the varieties, harvest time and its interaction on all sensory characters. Depending on the harvest time some of the varieties changed their places one toward other by total sensory evaluation. Therefore, it could not be made reliable conclusions of data obtained from one harvest time. The number of harvest times as well as the number of vegetations should be more then one in order to receive more accurate information for sensory characteristics.

Reduction of dieldrin concentration in cucumber fruits using Cucurbita rootstocks and activated carbon

Dieldrin uptake by cucumber fruits was examined using a variety of cucumber scions and squash rootstocks. The effect of activated carbon on reducing uptake was also determined. Three varieties of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.; Sharp 1, Natsusuzumi and Nankyoku 2) and three varieties of squash (Cucurbita spp.; Kirameki, Yuyuikki-black and Shintosa) were used. There was no significant difference in dieldrin uptake between cucumber scion varieties. The order of uptake between the varieties of rootstock was Shintosa > Yuyuikki-black > Kirameki = self-rooted plants. In the case of Shintosa, a change to Kirameki or self-rooted plants reduced the dieldrin concentration to 53–34%, treatment of soil with activated carbon to 57%, and the combination of changing the rootstock to Kirameki with activated carbon to 16%. In the case of Kirameki, treatment of soil with activated carbon reduced the dieldrin concentration in cucumber fruits to 42%. In the case of self-rooted plants, a change to grafting culture with Kirameki rootstock and treatment of soil with activated carbon was effective in reducing dieldrin concentration.

Comparative effects of rootstock and scion on dieldrin and endrin uptake by grafted cucumber (Cucumis sativus)

We examined the effect of grafting on dieldrin and endrin uptake from soil into cucumber plants. We compared the concentrations of dieldrin and endrin in aerial tissues of 10 varieties of Cucurbita spp. and 23 varieties of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) grown in a drin-contaminated soil. We chose four varieties each of Cucurbita spp. and cucumber, made up of 16 combinations of grafted plants by combining the Cucurbita spp. as rootstocks and the cucumber as scions, and then compared the dieldrin and endrin concentrations in the aerial tissues of the grafted plants. The results of our grafting trials indicated that dieldrin and endrin concentrations in the grafted plants were influenced mainly by rootstock varieties.

The cucumber variety resources and ways of their use

There are analysed cucumber varietal resources and directions of their use. The results of the study of 400 cucumber variety samples of native- and native and foreign breeding under conditions of the open sheltered ground (spring - summer crop rotation) are elucidated. The best ones are revealed, which are characterized by early ripening, productivity, the sign of parthenocarpy.

(207) Productivity and Fruit Quality in European Cucumber under Greenhouse Conditions in Northwest Mexico

Mexican production of vegetables under greenhouse conditions has been increased notably during the last year to about 1500 ha. The main crop in greenhouse production is tomato, but european cucumber is a potential crop due to high yield and quality, with a good price in the marketplace and a short growing season. The objective of this trial was to evaluate eight european cucumber varieties and to choose those with high yield and fruit quality, and disease resistance. The experiment was carried out at the experimental station (INIFAP-CIRNO). Greenhouse conditions were: polyethylene (8.0 mL), without temperature control; natural ventilation; and soil with electrical conductivity of 1.22 dS·m-1 and pH 7.96. Sowing date for seed was 15 Oct. 2004. Plant density was 3.78 plants per m2. The harvest period was 26 Dec. 2004 to 11 Mar. 2005, with an average of 10 cuttings. Varieties with highest yield were `Imanaol', `Bermejo', `Dominica', and `Kalunga', with 18.9, 15.2, 14.8, and 14.3 kg·m2, respectively. Fruit quality was excellent in all varieties; however, `Imanaol' had the highest percentage of size and fruit number. The main insect pest during the year was white fly (Bemissiasp.) and the most important disease was powdery mildew (Erishipecichoracearum).

Depolama Süresinin Bazı Hıyar Çeşitlerinde Mekanik Özelliklere Olan Etkisinin Belirlenmesi

In this study, a compression test-measurement system was developed to determine the effect of storage time on some mechanical properties of cucumber varieties. The compression test-measurement system composes of moving platform, holder, dynamometer, cylindrical die with spherical end, amplifier, PC card, data logger software and computer. 147-F1 and Rawa-F1 cucumber cultivars were used in the tests. To investigate the effects of storage time on the properties of the biological materials, samples were stored in 10 0 C and 85-90 % r. h. conditions and tests were conducted at harvest date, 3rd, 6th, 9th and 12th days. The compressive force-deformation characteristics of each vegetable were determined with a view to obtaining information on bioyield point force and deformation for them. Deformation, bioyield point force, modulus of elasticity, deformation energy, deformation volume and deformation susceptibility were determined at the end of the tests. The statistical analyze was made to determine the effects of the cultivars, storage time and their interactions on these properties. Storage time significantly (P<0.01) affected deformation susceptibility but there is no effect of cultivars on it. The modulus of elasticity of both cucumber varieties tended to increase where as deformation susceptibility decrease as the time in cold storage increased.

잎절편 (Leaf disk)을 이용한 오이 횐가루병 (Sphaerotheca fusca)에 대한 내병성 검정법

잎절편법을 이용하여 오이 흰가루병(Sphaerorheca fusca)에 대한 10개 품종의 저항성을 평가하였다 완전히 전개된 오이 잎에서 직경 10mm의 절편를 잘라내어 benzimidazole을 혼합한 한천배지에 올려놓고 포자현탁액을 10<TEX>$\mu$</TEX>l씩 절편에 점접종법으로 실험하였다. 흰가루병의 분생자경은 <TEX>$25^{\circ}C$</TEX>에서 가장 잘 형성되었다. 제1본엽의 disk를 이용하여 분생포자형성정도를 측정해 흰가루병에 대한 오이의 저항성을 평가한 결과와 하우스 포장에서의 발병도 결과간에 고도의 정의 상관을 보였다(r=0.99<TEX>$^{**}$</TEX> ). 이 결과들을 통해 잎절편법을 이용하여 오이 식물체의 흰가루병(S. fusca)에 대한 저항성을 평가할 수 있었다. The resistance of 10 varieties of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) to powdery mildew, caused by Sphaerotheca fusca, was evaluated by a leaf disk assay. Leaf disks (10 mm in diameter) were removed from fully expanded leaves and then placed in petri dishes containing 0.16％ water agar amended with benzimidazole. Leaf disks were inoculated by dropping a 10 <TEX>$\mu$</TEX>l of conidia suspension. Conidiophore formation of powdery mildew was the greatest at <TEX>$25^{\circ}C$</TEX>. The response of the host to powdery mildew, based on the inoculation onto disks of the first leaf, highly correlated with results obtained from harvesting stage of cucumber plants in greenhouse test (r = 0.99<TEX>$^{**}$</TEX>). It is indicating that a leaf disk assay may precisely predict the response of cucumber plant to S. fusca.a.

SCALE-UP MICROPROPAGATION OF VEGETABLE SPECIES: FROM LABORATORY TO COMMERCIAL REALITY

The efficient, commercial-level use of bioreactor systems for the scale-up micropropagation of vegetable species is demonstrated for cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). Nodal explants were derived from aseptically grown seedlings of the cucumber F 1 hybrid 'Stella' and bearing four leaves. Explants were inoculated on gelled Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium supplemented either with no growth regulators or the antigibberellin flurprimidol at 0.5 mg l -1 . Explants were incubated in Magenta® boxes under a photosynthetic photon flux density of 150 pmol m -2 s -1 at 24°C. After one month, nodal clusters were transferred into liquid MS medium with the same composition as above and incubated twice in either: (1) 2.5 1 airlift bioreactors (Osmotek Lifereactors®) or (2) 250 ml flasks on an orbital shaker (80 rpm) for 20-30 days. Regenerated plantlets were transferred to soil and acclimatized in the greenhouse. Significantly more plants were regenerated in bioreactors than in Magenta boxes® or in flasks. In addition, bioreactor-derived plants had an increased fresh and dry weight, number and length of roots, number of nodes and leaf surface. These traits were associated with patterns of macronutrient and sugar accumulation, as well as ascorbic acid and free antioxidant phenolics concentration. The percentage of plants that were successfully acclimatized increased to 95% after grafting them on squash. The prospects for applying this technique to other cucumber varieties, as well as other commercially important vegetable species, are discussed.

COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON SOME COMPONENTS OF INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT ON SOIL BORNE PLANT PATHOGENS AFFECTING CUCUMBER, GROWN UNDER PROTECTED AGRICULTURE

ISHS International Symposium on The Horizons of Using Organic Matter and Substrates in Horticulture COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON SOME COMPONENTS OF INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT ON SOIL BORNE PLANT PATHOGENS AFFECTING CUCUMBER, GROWN UNDER PROTECTED AGRICULTURE

Occurrence of target leaf spot disease caused by Corynespora cassicola on cucumber in Korea

., 1993).A survey of commercial fields conducted between 2000and 2001 in Chonnam province revealed severe damageon a Japanese cucumber variety, Baeksung 3, but not onKorean varieties. However, by 2002 these varieties wereseverely affected by target leaf spot in fields in Chonnamand Gyeongnam provinces. Leaf symptoms began assmall brown spots with yellow halos, enlarging andbecoming irregularly shaped before defoliation occurred.The morphology of the fungus consistently obtained fromthese symptoms matched the description of

Applicability of molecular markers in the context of protection of new varieties of cucumber

AbstractThe growing number of candidate varieties presented every year at each national Plant Variety Protection Office and their decreasing genetic variability forces strategies to be adopted that will reduce costs without losing rigour when deciding about the acceptance or rejection of a candidate variety. Molecular markers have been envisaged as a reliable tool to establish differences, but can molecular markers be used for assessing distinctness? A comparison between a molecular and a morphological characterization of 41 seed samples belonging to 36 cucumber varieties and including several external controls has been carried out to investigate the applicability of molecular markers in the context of distinctness, uniformity and stability (DUS) tests and the protection of new varieties. Both types of character indicate the same relationships among main groups, Dutch and Beth‐Alpha types, and Gerking and Slice types, the correlation between distance matrices being only 0.6489. Varieties considered uniform for morphological traits proved not to be so for molecular markers. Therefore, molecular characterization is not offering the same estimates of uniformity and relatedness between varieties as does morphological characterization. External controls were used to establish distinction limits with morphological and molecular dendrograms to focus on those varieties, which were suspiciously similar. The results with cucumber show that molecular identity could be used to assess any lack of distinctness and so corroborate the morphological assessment of candidate varieties. The morphological trait ‘type’ provides distinct characterization of varieties and the molecular characterization of candidate varieties could be used to design better field experiments to assess distinction within each group of morphological cucumber type.