Cu In Muscle Research Articles

Heavy metal effects on bird morphometry: A case study on the house sparrow Passer domesticus

We examined some possible effects of heavy metal accumulations on bird morphometry. House sparrows Passer domesticus were caught in unpolluted and polluted areas having a thermal power plant, in Turkey. Fifteen different morphometric characters were compared with the heavy metal accumulations of Cu, Co, Zn, Mn, Ni, and Cr in samples from muscle, kidney, and liver. We found positive or negative correlations between some heavy metal accumulations in some tissues and the length of some morphometric characters of sparrows (p < 0.01). The most correlated heavy metal with as many characters was Zn in muscle and liver, followed by Cu in liver and Cu in muscle. We found mainly negative coefficient values of some heavy metal bioaccumulation for morphometry using stepwise linear regression analysis. Negative coefficient values of Zn accumulation in muscle and the liver for body mass and feathers were found (p < 0.01). Length of bill and claws were affected by the bioaccumulation; the positive coefficient values of Zn in the muscle and the liver and negative coefficient values of Cu in the kidney for the length of the bill, positive coefficient value of Cu in muscle and the negative coefficient value of Mn in the kidney for length of the claws were found respectively (p < 0.01). The heavy metal accumulations in the tissues were found to affect morphometric characters’ length. The effects of heavy metal accumulations in tissues should be considered in further morphometrical studies of a bird species, especially in polluted areas.

Bioconcentration of Aluminium and Copper in Giant Freshwater Prawns (Macrobrachium Rosenbergii) From Several Rivers in Kuantan, Pahang Malaysia

Mining activities at the upstream of the Kuantan River basin can be resulted to adverse impacts for both human and aquatic lives. The heavy metal contamination of aquatic environment has gained the public attention. In fact, in recent decades, urban activities and industrial waste have led to an increase in contamination of heavy metals in the water bodies which may have direct effect on aquatic ecosystem. Therefore, this study aims to determine the level of Aluminium (Al) and Copper (Cu) in the muscle and gills of giant freshwater prawns (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) collected from five selected rivers in Kuantan, Pahang. Field sampling was conducted between September and December 2017. The giant freshwater prawns were digested and then analysed with inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. The obtained results revealed that, Al levels in muscle of M.rosenbergii among all rivers occurred in the rank order: Pandan river&gt;Riau river&gt; Pinang river&gt; Kuantan&gt;Balok river, while in gills: Pandan river&gt;Kuantan river&gt;Balok river&gt;Pinang river&gt;Riau river. The concentration of Cu in muscle were in order of: Pandan river&gt;Pinang river&gt; Riau river&gt; Balok river &gt; Kuantan river, whereas Cu in gills were: Pandan river&gt;Balok river&gt;Kuantan river&gt;Pinang river &gt; Riau river. The highest content level of Al and Cu in both prawn’s muscle (14.03 ± 3.55 and 12.28 ± 3.87) mg/kg and gills (7.06 ± 2.53 and 12.28 ± 3.87) mg/kg were caught from Pandan River. In risk and safety assessment, the metal concentrations in the edible muscle of prawn were found to be below the established limits by WHO (1982), MFA (1983, US FDA (2001), and JECFA (2000). Thisstudy suggests that the prawns caught from Kuantan river are safe for human consumption.

Bioconcentration of Heavy Metal Cu in Different Tissues of Milkfish [Channos channos (Forsskal, 1775)] in Ujung Pangkah, Gresik, East Java, Indonesia

The concentration of Cu in milkfish organs, muscle and liver as well as in water ponds located in Ujung Pangkah, Gresik in April 2015 were investigated. The milkfish in three ponds with different size which were 26 cm (small size), 32 cm (medium size) and 46 cm (large fish) were taken. The liver of mikfish with size 26 cm, 32 cm and 46 cm contained the highest concentration of Cu. Moreover, Bioconcentration Factor of Cu in liver small milkfish (26 cm) was 2 983 which is approximately 100 times higher compare to Biocencentration Factor of Cu in muscle of similar size of fish.

Seasonal determination of heavy metals in muscle, gill and liver tissues of Nile tilapia,Oreochromis niloticus(Linnaeus, 1758) from the tributary of the Ganga River, India

Aquatic biota is contaminated with heavy metals as a result of anthropogenic activities and industrialization. Heavy metals, that is copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn), were analysed in Oreochromis niloticus collected from the Gomti River at Lucknow and Jaunpur sites, India, from 2011 to 2012. Accumulation of heavy metals was estimated in different tissues of tilapia. At both study sites (Lucknow and Jaunpur), metal accumulation in different tissues of this fish was found to be in the following order: Zn > Pb > Cr > Cu in muscles, Zn > Pb > Cr > Cu in gills and Pb > Cr > Cu > Zn in liver. However, it was established that the level of heavy metals in all fish organs at the Lucknow site (except Pb and Zn in gills) was higher. The determined bioconcentration factor of heavy metals in different fish organs at the Lucknow site was as follows: Cu (26.5), Cr (38.33), Pb (52.33), Zn (23.41) in muscles, Cu (36.5), Cr (56.33), Pb (95.66) and Zn (31.66) in gills and Cu (381.50), Cr (367.33), Pb (410...

The Relationship Between Heavy Metal (Cd, Co, Cu, Ni and Pb) Levels and the Size of Benthic, Benthopelagic and Pelagic Fish Species, Persian Gulf

The concentration of heavy metals was determined in tissues of sole (Euryglossa orientalis), mullet (Liza abu) and croacker fish (Johnius belangerii) from Musa estuary. Generally, the highest concentration of the studied metals in the three species was found in the liver tissue. The levels of Cd and Cu in fish liver were J. belangerii = E. orientalis > L. abu and E. orientalis > L. abu > J. belangerii respectively. The concentrations of Cd and Cu in fish gills were E. orientalis > L. abu = J. belangerii and E. orientalis > L. abu > J. belangerii, respectively, and the level of Cu in muscle was E. orientalis > L. abu = J. belangerii. The results of linear regression analysis indicated that highly significant (p < 0.001) negative relationships were found between fish size and Cd concentrations in the liver of L. abu and Pb in the gills of J. belangerii.

Different responses of abalone Haliotis discus hannai to waterborne and dietary-borne copper and zincexposure

To investigate the potential influence of the contamination of copper (Cu) or zinc (Zn), the abalone Haliotis discus hannai was exposed to waterborne or macroalgae-borne Cu or Zn over a period of 8weeks. Both Cu and Zn were effectively accumulated by the abalones from water or macroalgae, but their concentration factors and trophic transfer factors were low due to the regulation of Cu and Zn accumulation. Following waterborne or dietary exposure, the abalones exhibited different accumulation patterns of Cu and Zn. The tissue Zn burden decreased quickly after the initial accumulation, and the incoming Zn was mainly deposited in the viscera. In contrast, the tissue Cu burden increased rapidly and gradually reached a steady state. The abalone muscle exhibited a comparable storage capacity of Cu as the viscera and the accumulated Cu in muscle was mainly derived from the dissolved phase instead of trophic transfer. The feeding and growth of the abalone were not influenced in all the exposure regimes. Moreover, the significant induction of metallothionein indicated that the bioaccumulated metals were actively detoxified. In the metal-exposed abalones, more Cu was distributed into the biologically detoxified fractions (metallothionein-like protein and/or metal-rich granule), whereas no significant subcellular redistribution of Zn was observed. Our study suggested that the abalone may have high endurance to the contamination of Cuor Zn.

Content of heavy metals in the muscle tissue of cattle

Muscle tissue to examine was taken from 31 Black-and-White bull-calves of West Siberia, aged 18 months. The concentration of 11 trace elements in the samples of the muscle tissue was determined with the method of atomic emission spectrometry with inductively associated plasma. The concentration of heavy metals (mg/kg) in the muscle tissue was equal to: Pb - 0.070; Cd - 0.015; As - 0.305; Sr - 0.255; Rb - 1.458; Cu - 1.571; Fe - 50.884; Zn - 52.99; Hg - 0.007; Ni - 0.069. Different correlations were revealed between the concentration of Cd in muscles and the level of Cu and Cr in hair (r = -0.349 and r = 0.374, respectively); Cu in muscles and Cd in hair (r = -0.377), Zn in muscles and Zn, Cd in hair (r = -0.558 and r = -0.470, respectively); Pb in muscles and Si in hair (r = -0.415); Hg in muscles and Cu, Cd in hair (r = 0.449 and r = 0.386). Correlations were revealed between the level of Cd in muscles and the concentration of Ba, Zn and P in blood serum (r = 0.574, r = -0.469 and r = -0.493 respectively); between Pb in muscles and Fe in serum blood (r = 0.535).

Bioaccumulation of heavy metals Cu, Zn, and Hg in muscles and liver of the stellate sturgeon (Acipenser stellatus) in the Caspian Sea and their correlation with growth parameters

Bioaccumulation of Cu, Zn, Hg in muscles and liver tissues of stellate sturgeon (Acipenser stellatus) from the southern Caspian Sea was measured. Effects of condition factor (CF), age and hepatosomatic index (HSI) on metal accumulation were also determined. Some 40 stellate sturgeons were collected using gill nets in winter and spring 2007-2008 from the southern shores of the Caspian Sea. Total (TL) and fork (FL) length and weight of all specimens were measured. Cross sections of first ray of pectoral fins were used for age determination. Muscle and liver samples were taken and transported to the laboratory in ice packs and kept in -20 oC prior to analyses. In the laboratory samples were oven dried, digested with HClO3 and HNO3 and diluted with dionized water to 50cc to measure Cu, Zn, and Hg concentration with a flame spectrophotometer. Sequence of metals in Acipenser stellatus was Zn>Hg> Cu in muscle tissues and Zn> Cu> Hg in liver samples. Concentration of Zn was slightly in correlation with age (R= 0.3). A negative correlation was observed between Zn concentrations with condition factor (R= -0.3). Zn concentrations were negatively correlated in muscle tissues (R=-0.3). The results were compared to international standards proposed by MAAF, EEC and NHMRC. Our study showed that accumulation of heavy metals in sturgeon tissues was influenced by concentration of metals in sediment and the physiological state of fish.

Essential and toxic metals in nine fish species for human consumption from two coastal lagoons in the Eastern Gulf of California

With the aim of knowing concentrations of Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn; percentage of daily mineral intake (PMI) for essential elements and percentage of weekly intake (PWI) of toxic metals in commercial fish from 2 coastal lagoons in the Eastern Gulf of California, analyses were carried out in 9 species. Highest values of Cd were detected in the liver of the sharks Sphyrna lewini and Carcharhinus leucas, Pb was mostly detected in the liver of S. lewini; Cu and Mn in the liver and gills of the mullet Mugil cephalus, respectively; Fe in the liver of the catfish Galeichthys peruvianus; and Zn in viscera of the catfish Cathorops fuerthii. From the point of view of public health and considering the edible portion, only in a few cases levels were above limits considered as safe for human consumption, such is the case of Cd in muscle of bull shark C. leucas (2.8 μ g g− 1) and catfish G. peruvianus (1.55 μ g g− 1), Pb in muscle of scalloped hammerhead S. lewini (5.2 μ g g− 1), Cu in muscle of scalloped hammerhead S. lewini (20.6 μ g g− 1) and Zn in muscle of Pacific herring Opisthonema libertate (53 μg g−1) and S. lewini (104 μ g g− 1).

Determination of Cadmium and Copper in Fish Samples from Sir And Menzelet Dam Lake Kahramanmaraş, Turkey

The cadmium and copper levels were determined in the total of 126 fish samples which belongs to five fish species collected from Sir and Menzelet Dam Lakes in Kahramanmaraş Province by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The concentrations of heavy metals were expressed as ppm wet weight of tissue. The mean levels of cadmium and copper in muscle, liver and gill tissues of Cyprinus carpiofrom the Menzelet Dam were found as 0.27, 0.91, 1.49 and 0.94, 1.2, 1.05, respectively. The mean levels of Cd in the muscle tissues of Leuciscus cephalusfrom the Menzelet Dam were found 0.32 ppm, Cd wasn't found in tissues of liver and gill. The mean levels of Cu in the muscle, liver and gill tissues were found as 3.17 ppm, 1.19 ppm, 0.96 ppm, respectively. The mean levels of the Cd and Cu in muscle and gill tissues of Acanthobrama marmid from the Sir Dam were found as 1.28, 2.64 and 0.72, 0.08, respectively. The levels of the Cd and Cu in muscle tissues of Cyprinus carpiofrom the Sir Dam were found 0.87 and 0.02 ppm, respectively. The mean levels of the Cd and Cu in the muscle and gill tissues of Chondrostoma regium from the Sir Dam were found to be 0.80, 2.62 and 0.67, 1.34 ppm, respectively. The mean levels of the Cd in the muscle tissues of the Silurus glanis was found as 0.60 ppm. In the muscle of the Silurus glanis from the Sir Dam, Cu was not found. The Sir Dam is more polluted than the Menzelet Dam from the point of Cd but less polluted than the Menzelet Dam From the point of Cu. A relationship was determined between species and their habitating region in terms of the levels reflected metal residues. In this study it was emphasized that the amounts of Cd and Cu in the samples were low, however, seas, lakes, rivers, soil, air and consumed foods etc. has to be controlled routinely.

Heavy metals in the tissues of common dolphins ( Delphinus delphis) stranded on the Portuguese coast

The concentrations of Hg, Sn, Cr, Zn, Ni, Co, Cd, Mn, Fe and Cu were determined in the liver, kidney and muscle of 24 common dolphins stranded on the Portuguese coast between 1995 and 1998. Nitric acid was used to extract the metals from the tissues for analysis by inductively-coupled plasma/atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP/AES). Those metals with relatively higher concentrations included Fe, Zn and Hg, particularly in liver. Other metals including Cr, Ni and Cd tended to show much lower levels, or were even undetected (e.g. Co). Different metals seemed to show different temporal trends, although due to substantial variations of the mean concentrations for each year obtained, such temporal pattern has to be studied further. Total Hg concentration in the kidney, muscle and particularly liver, were higher in females than in males. Total Hg concentrations in all the organs increased with body length of dolphins, whilst those of Zn and Cu in muscle decreased with dolphin length. A strong correlation was found between essential metals Zn and Cu in muscle, possibly resulting from sequestration of these metals by metallothionein. In addition, significant co-associations existed between the same metal (e.g. Hg, Sn and Zn) in different organs.

Metal (Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu) levels in the Antarctic fish Notothenia coriiceps

During the 1994/1995 Antarctic summer 20 Antarctic cod (Notothenia coriiceps) of both sexes were collected at King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica, to determine the levels of Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu in muscle, liver, gonad and kidney. Metal levels were assessed using the inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) technique. The levels of Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu observed in both sexes of N. coriiceps were significantly lower in muscle tissue than in liver, kidney and gonad; the livers of males and gonads of females had the highest levels. The differences between the sexes were significant for Zn and Mn in gonads and for Cu in liver. Despite the modest size-range of the specimens, the Cu levels in liver, muscle and kidney were significantly inversely correlated with female mass (P < 0.05) as was gonad Cu level and male body length. Fe mainly presented the highest concentrations and Cu and Mn the lowest ones. Mean muscle metal levels are similar to those of hake, cod, herring and mackerel; however, the level of Fe was slightly higher. Accumulation may occur for Fe, Zn and Mn in liver, kidney and gonad, which have higher levels than those of most prey.

Metal concentrations in crayfish tissues in relation to lake pH and metal concentrations in water and sediments

Cambarus bartoni from two acid lakes, Cambarus robustus from one acid lake, and Orconectes virilis from one acid and two circumneutral lakes were analyzed for the following concentrations: Mn, Fe, Al, Zn, Cu, and Cd in gill; Mn, Fe, Al, Zn, and Cu in muscle; and Mn, Al, Fe, Zn, Cu, Ca, Mg, Ba, and S in carapace tissue. Analysis of covariance and canonical variates analysis were used to illustrate differences in the six crayfish populations, based on the elemental content of the three tissues. Gill Cd was significantly greater in all four crayfish populations from the acid lakes, as compared to crayfish from circumneutral lakes. Subsequent canonical variates analysis separated crayfish from acid lakes from those sampled from two circumneutral lakes, based on gill Cd concentrations and to a lesser extent on gill Mn concentrations. Carapace elemental composition was also significantly different among the six crayfish populations, with the canonical variates analysis separating crayfish of acid-lake origin from those captured in circumneutral lakes, based on differences in Mg and Mn content of the carapace; carapaces of crayfish from acid lakes had more Mn and less Mg relative to crayfish carapaces from circumneutral lakes. The elemental composition of crayfish muscle was the least variable and the least indicative of differences in elemental content among the six populations. Conditions of low pH may be preventing the normal mineralization of crayfish carapaces, as evidenced by crayfish from acid lakes having carapaces with lower Mg concentrations relative to crayfish from circumneutral lakes. More importantly, however, increases in gill Cd in crayfish from low-pH lakes appear to be a pH-related effect rather than being attributable to differences in Cd accumulation among species or to abiotic factors such as concentrations of Cd in the sediments, dissolved organic carbon, or water-borne Ca concentrations. As crayfish are an important food resource for many fish and semiaquatic animals, they could be a key vector in the trophic transfer of Cd from the aquatic to the terrestrial environment.

Influence of dietary aluminum and phosphorus on zinc metabolism in dairy calves2

The metabolism of a single oral zinc-65 dose was studied in young dairy calves fed two concentrations of added A1 (0 and .20% A1) and two concentrations of added P (0 and .22% P) for 7 wk. The four treatments were 1) normal P-low A1, 2) low P-low A1, 3) normal P-high A1 and 4) low P-high A1. The basal diet (low P-low AL) contained, by analysis, .132% P, .74% Ca, .021% A1 and 59 ppm Zn. Zinc-65 absorption was greater (66.5 vs 63.2% of dose, P less than .10) with the low-P diet; added A1 reduced (P less than .05) 65Zn absorption. Calves fed low-P diets had higher (P less than .10) concentrations of 65Zn in liver, kidney, spleen, heart, small intestine and testicle than those fed normal-P diets. Zinc-65 was reduced (P less than .10) in pancreas, heart, testicle and muscle of calves fed high A1. Iron was increased in liver and kidney (P less than .10), Zn (P less than .10) and Mn (P less than .01) were increased in liver, but Fe in small intestine and Cu in muscle and tibia shaft were decreased (P less than .10) in calves fed the low-P diets compared to those fed adequate-P diets. High A1 reduced (P less than .10) Cu in small intestine and tibia shaft. The results suggest that zinc metabolism may be moderately affected in calves fed either low-P or high-A1 diets.

Trace elements in tissues and organs of an Antarctic icefish, Champsocephalus gunnari

A physiologically characteristic Antarctic icefish, Champsocephalus gunnari, was analysed by PIXE for the trace characterization of stable elements in the field of environmental ecology. The icefish was caught in the Antarctic area in January 1987. The fish muscle and gill were dissected and mixed with yttrium for thin target preparation. Spectrophotometrical analysis was applied to determine the content of porphyrin in the blood. 2.5 MeV protons were used for bombardment. For more accurate data acquisition, matrix matching was applied. Results were computed through a new program STAR1. No absorption maxima were observed at 506, 545 and 583 nm nor beyond 635 nm which were attributed to hemochromogen of myoglobin and haemoglobin. By PIXE analysis, the concentrations of 19 elements (S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, As, Se, Br, Rb, Sr and Sn) were measured for muscle, while the concentrations of 18 elements (P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Ga, Se, Br, Rb, Sr and Sb) were found for the gill of the fish. Typical accumulations were observed for Mn, Fe and Cu in muscle, whereas Zn was in the gill. Though porphyrin was absent, Fe content in the muscle of the icefish was 49.2 ppm. Also the icefish muscle accumulated a few hundred times more Mn than the other fish. The results suggest that the oxygen transporter is not the metal protein but other substances in the icefish. Mn may play an important role in specific oxygen respiration mechanisms in the Antarctic fish, Champsocephalus gunnari.