The Early Palaeozoic metamorphic records play a crucial role in determining the geological connection between Hainan Island and the Gondwana supercontinent. Nevertheless, the geochronological data for the Early Palaeozoic period is still sparse in Hainan Island. In this study, we conducted an integrated UPb geochronological and geochemical analysis of crystals from six monazite and three titanite samples obtained from the Mesoproterozoic Baoban Complex in the western region of Hainan Island. The mineral morphology and elemental compositions suggest that the examined monazite and titanite crystals exhibit characteristics typical of a metamorphic origin. Monazite and titanite UPb dating show two distinct metamorphic age populations: ca. 453–464 Ma and ca. 430–437 Ma. Our new data, combined with a comprehensive synthesis of metamorphic-magmatic ages from previous studies and other geological observations, offers crucial constraints on the palaeogeographic position and potential timing for the amalgamation of the micro-continents along the fringe of the Gondwana supercontinent. We suggest that Hainan Island was geologically connected to the Gondwana supercontinent during the Early Palaeozoic, a relationship that may have persisted until ca. 430 Ma. By this time, Hainan Island was probably closely linked to the South China and Indochina blocks.