Silicate Crystals Research Articles

Study on the optical properties of Sm3+ doped bismuth silicate crystals based on first principles

Abstract This study systematically investigated the effect of Sm3+ doping on the optical properties of bismuth silicate (Bi4Si3O12, abbreviated as BSO) crystals using first principles calculations based on density functional theory (DFT). By calculating the dielectric function, reflectivity, absorption coefficient, refractive index, conductivity, and energy loss function of BSO crystals under different Sm3+ doping ratios, we found that moderate Sm3+ doping can increase the dielectric function of BSO crystals, and the real part of the dielectric function represents the material’s ability to respond to the electric field, that is, the macroscopic polarization degree. Therefore, moderate Sm3+ doping enhances the polarization ability of BSO crystals. Simultaneously doping an appropriate amount can effectively enhance the conductivity and light (visible and infrared) absorption ability of BSO crystals, and reduce the energy loss between electrons in BSO crystals, thereby improving their luminescence performance. Specifically, when the Sm3+ doping ratio is 1/6, the optical properties of BSO crystals are significantly improved. These findings not only enhance the understanding of the mechanism of optical performance changes in rare earth ion doped BSO crystals, but also provide a theoretical basis for the development of new rare earth doped optical materials.

Two α-SiO2-Related Deep-Ultraviolet Phase-Matchable Optical Nonlinear Beryllium Silicate Crystals Na2BeSiO4 and Li2BeSiO4 with Enhanced SHG Effect.

Deep-UV, (wavelength λ<200nm) nonlinear-optical (NLO) silicate crystals have long been troubled by weak second-harmonic-generation (SHG) effect and common non-phase-matchability, leading to the stagnation of silicate research, despite abundant reserves of silicates on the earth. Representative and simple α-SiO2 is an ideal structural prototype toward improving silicate NLO performance by exploring efficient strategies. Herein, through two-step structural modulations based on fundamental "distortion and superposition" principles of NLO response, two deep-UV NLO crystals taking α-SiO2 as a structural template, Na2BeSiO4 and Li2BeSiO4, are synthesized successively. By providing flexible coordination BeO4 tetrahedra for rigid tetrahedral SiO4 that induces distortion of SiO4, Na2BeSiO4 achieves significant enhancement of phase-matchable SHG effect of 15×α-SiO2. Further, by introducing a low coordination number of Li+ cations that stimulates uniform orientation of SiO4, Li2BeSiO4 exhibits the strongest phase-matchable SHG effect as large as 40×α-SiO2 among the universal SiO4-governed NLO silicates. Also, computational investigations support the rationality of the structural modulations well. Such efficient structural modulations can greatly promote the exploration and rational design of NLO silicates.

A pyroxene-based quantum magnet with multiple magnetization plateaus.

Pyroxenes (AMX2O6) consisting of infinite one-dimensional edge-sharing MO6 chains and bridging XO4 tetrahedra are fertile ground for finding quantum materials. Thus, here, we have studied calcium cobalt germanate (CaCoGe2O6) and calcium cobalt silicate (CaCoSi2O6) crystals in depth. Heat capacity data show that the spins in both compounds are dominantly Ising-like, even after being manipulated by high magnetic fields. On cooling below the Néel temperatures, a sharp field-induced transition in magnetization is observed for CaCoGe2O6, while multiple magnetization plateaus beneath the full saturation moment are spotted for CaCoSi2O6. Our analysis shows that these contrasting behaviors potentially arise from the different electron configurations of germanium and silicon, in which the 3d orbitals are filled in the former but empty in the latter, enabling electron hopping. Thus, silicate tetrahedra can aid the interchain superexchange pathway between cobalt(II) ion centers, while germanate ones tend to block it during magnetization.

Theoretical study on optical properties of Ge-doped bismuth silicate crystals

Theoretical study on optical properties of Ge-doped bismuth silicate crystals

Effect of alumina on formation mechanism and structure characteristic of sodium calcium silicate compounds with different stoichiometric coefficients

In order to illustrate the effects of Al2O3 on silicate structure for synthesizing sodium calcium silicate compounds, the formation characteristics, lattice parameters, molecular structure and element chemical state of sodium calcium silicates with different Al2O3 proportions through solid-state reaction were investigated using XRD, SEM-EDS, Raman spectroscopy and XPS analyses. Increasing the Al2O3 content facilitates the formation of Na2CaSiO4 and converts the polymorph of Na2Ca6Si4O15 from γ-type into β-type. The product particles aggregate to form clumps by increasing the Al2O3 content when the molar ratios of Na2O and CaO to SiO2 are 0.5 and 1.5, and the network orderliness of silicates deteriorates to form glassy phase at the low CaO and Na2O contents. Al2O3 can engage in the bonding process with silicate crystals to produce a finite solid solution. Increasing the Al2O3 porportion is advantageous for facilitating the participation of [AlO6] in the Si-O-Al bonding reaction, which leads to the depolymerization of [Si2O7]6-, [Si3O10]8- and [Si6O18]12− and promotes the formation of silicate chains of [SiO4]4- and [Si2O7]6-. Moreover, increasing the contents of Na2O and CaO promote the formation of [AlO4] and the depolymerization within silicate chains, which increases the bonding number of Si-Oter and Al-Oter and then reduces the binding energies of Si2p and Al2p orbits.

Research on optical properties of Eu3+ doped bismuth silicate crystals based on first principles

This paper is based on the first principles of density functional theory and uses the virtual crystal approximation method to calculate and analyze the optical properties of differently proportioned Eu3+-doped Bismuth silicate (Bi4Si3O12, or BSO). The results show that minor Eu3+ doping (1/12–1/3) improves the polarization ability of BSO and reduces energy loss. Additionally, doping an appropriate amount of Eu3+ (1/12–1/3) can improve light absorption and transmission of BSO to some extent. That is to say, Eu3+ doping improves the response of BSO to infrared light, and the absorption capacity in the ultraviolet and visible light regions is also enhanced. The theoretical research in this paper elucidates the changes in the optical properties of BSO after doping with Eu3+, providing a theoretical basis for expanding its application as a scintillation crystal in high-energy physics experiments, nuclear medicine, and other fields.

Partitioning of Iron Between (Mg,Fe)SiO3 Liquid and Bridgmanite

AbstractThe evolution of the magma ocean that occupied the early Earth is influenced by the buoyancy of crystals in silicate liquid. At lower mantle pressures, silicate crystals are denser than the iso‐chemical liquid, but heavy elements like iron can cause crystals to float if they partition into the liquid phase. Crystal flotation allows for a basal magma ocean, which might explain geochemical anomalies in mantle‐derived magmas, seismic anomalies in the lower mantle, and the source of the Earth's early magnetic field. To examine whether a basal magma ocean is gravitationally stable, we investigate the degree of iron partitioning between (Mg,Fe)SiO3 liquid and bridgmanite. By utilizing ab initio molecular dynamics simulations coupled with thermodynamic integration, we find that iron partitions into the liquid, and increasingly so with increasing pressure. Bridgmanite crystals are found to be buoyant at lower mantle conditions, stabilizing the basal magma ocean.

Theoretical Determination of the Electronic Structures and Energy-Level Splitting for Pr3+-Doped Y2SiO5 Crystals.

Trivalent praseodymium (Pr3+)-doped yttrium silicate (Y2SiO5) crystals have been widely used in various phosphors owing to their excellent luminescence characteristics. Although a series of studies have been carried out on its application prospects, the electronic structures and energy-transfer mechanisms of Pr3+-doped Y2SiO5 (Y2SiO5:Pr) remain an exploratory topic. Herein, the crystal structure analysis by the particle swarm optimization structure search method is used to study the structural evolution of Y2SiO5:Pr. Two novel structures with local [PrO7]-11 and [PrO6]-9 [Y2SiO5:Pr (I) and Y2SiO5:Pr (II)] are successfully identified. The impurity Pr3+ ions occupy the Y3+ sites and successfully integrate into the Y2SiO5 host crystal with a Pr3+ concentration of 6.25%. The calculated electronic band structures show that the doping of Pr3+ induces a reduction in band gaps for the host Y2SiO5 crystal. The conduction bands near the Fermi level are completely composed of f states. For the atomic energies of Pr3+ in Y2SiO5, the Stark levels and transitions are properly simulated based on a new set of crystal field parameters (CFPs) at the C1 site symmetry. A satisfactory r.m.s. dev. of 15.57 cm-1 with 9 free ion parameters (plus 27 fixed CFPs as obtained from ab initio calculation) fitted to the 33 observed levels is obtained for the first time. The plentiful energy-level transition lines, from the visible light to the near-infrared region, are deciphered for Pr3+ in Y2SiO5. Blue 3P0 → 3H4 at 465 nm is calculated to be a strong emission line, and it might be an ideal channel for laser actions. These results could not only provide important insights into the rare-earth-doped crystals but also lay the foundation for future research studies of designing the new laser materials.

Effect of Acidic Media on Surface Topography and Color Stability of Two Different Glass Ceramics.

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of two acidic beverages (orange juice and H3PO4-containing fizzy drink) on the surface topography and color stability of two commonly used computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) ceramic materials. Sixty samples of two CAD/CAM ceramic materials, lithium disilicate (IPS e-max CAD) and zirconia reinforced lithium silicate (Vita Suprinity), were prepared according to the manufacturer's instructions. The samples were immersed in one of three media (artificial saliva, orange juice and H3PO4-containing fizzy drink) and then stored in an incubator at 37 °C for 24 hours). Before and after immersion in different media, the surface roughness (Ra) of the samples was assessed using profilometer (JITAI8101 Surface Roughness Tester-Beijing Jitai Tech Detection Device Co. Ltd, China) and the color parameters were measured using VITA Easyshade Advance 4.01 (VITA shade, VITA made, VITA). Surface topography was observed using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and surface mineral content was compared before and after immersion. Paired sample t-test was used to determine the change in Ra before and after immersion. Two-way analysis of variance was used to determine the effect of different CAD/CAM materials and immersion media on the mean ∆Ra and mean ∆E of the studied groups. Tukey's honest significant difference posthoc test was used for multiple comparisons at a level of significance (α = 0.05). A significant increase in Ra and a decrease in the color stability of the two investigated ceramic materials were detected after immersion in the acidic media than in artificial saliva. SEM and energy-dispersive X-ray results revealed the dissolution of the glassy matrix and the exposure of silicate crystals. The surface topography and color stability of glass ceramics are affected by the pH of different acidic media.

Antimicrobial properties of bimetallic-containing mesoporous bioglass against Enterococcus faecalis

Background/purpose:Various pulp-covering materials offer advantages in regenerative root canal treatment, but each has limitations, highlighting the need for more effective antibacterial strategies for pulp repair and regeneration. Mesoporous bioactive glasses (MBG) show significant biological activity, making them valuable in tissue/dental repair. Silver-incorporated MBG exhibits promising antibacterial effects against various bacteria; copper ions are crucial in regulating angiogenesis signals. Co-loading copper and silver in bioactive glasses has been explored to address clinical challenges. This study modified the preparation of silver-copper bimetallic mesoporous bioactive glass, analyzing their textural properties and antibacterial activity against Enterococcus faecalis. Materials and methodsThe silver-copper co-loaded bioactive glass (designated as AgCu/80S) was synthesized using a sol–gel technique with modifications. Textural analyses were carried out via X-ray diffraction, UV–Vis spectroscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis, and transmission electron microscope. The ion-releasing activity determined using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, and the antibacterial activity against E. faecalis was assessed through disk diffusion and kinetic bacterial growth curve. ResultsThe modification led to weaker crystallization of calcium silicate, altering ion-releasing and antibacterial activities. Ag3Cu2/80S exhibited the highest released silver ion concentration at 112.6 ppm, with an inhibition zone of 9.09 ± 0.09 mm in disk diffusion assays. However, the inhibition zone of Ag2Cu3/80S was 9.92 ± 0.04 mm, implying that the antibacterial activity may not only be influenced by silver ions. ConclusionThe AgCu/80S showed a potential antibacterial activity against E. faecalis, whereas further research on AgCu/80S glasses is necessary to optimize ion release conditions, assess bioactivities, and explore potential dental applications.

The Influence of Boron Doping on the Structures and Composition of Dicalcium Silicate: A Research Study

This paper investigates the structural transformation of dicalcium silicate (C2S) crystals brought about through boron doping. Both qualitative and quantitative analyses were conducted to explore the correspondence between boron content and the structure of dicalcium silicate. The results show that boron doping can stabilize β-C2S and the high-temperature phase α′H-C2S, and the structural transformation does not involve the modulation of α′L-C2S. There is a corresponding relationship between the unit cells of β-C2S and α′H-C2S, which can be transformed using a transformation matrix. The relationship between boron content and the content of different C2S structures, as well as the structural expressions for β-C2S and α′H-C2S, is determined using linear fitting and multivariable linear regression analysis.

Effect of Y2O3 Concentration on the Surface and Bulk Crystallization of Multicomponent Silicate Glasses

Multicomponent silicate glasses are crystallized by Y2O3 addition. Depending on the Y2O3 concentration, different crystalline phases evolve. In the absence of Y2O3, a multicomponent glass crystallizes as ZnSnO3, while with the addition of just 3% of this oxide, ZnSnO3 no longer crystallizes and ZrSiO4 appears instead. Different yttrium silicate crystals are formed in all glasses containing Y2O3, but, while α-Y2Si2O7 and β-Y2Si2O7 are favored at low Y2O3 concentrations, the γ-Y2Si2O7 and y-Y2Si2O7 phases are favored at the maximum Y2O3 content. At a 12% Y2O3 concentration, barium and calcium silicate crystalline phases also evolve. Interestingly, the crystalline phases appearing on the surface of the material present different microstructures compared to crystals developed in the bulk. While the crystallized surface presents a tabular-shape type, crystallization in the bulk is of a prismatic type at low Y2O3 concentrations and of a globular (spherical) type at higher concentrations. The main crystal size ranges between 0.85 and 0.75 micrometers, but most of the crystals coalesce to form larger superstructures depending on the Y2O3 concentrations.

The effect of nucleating temperature on the crystallization, phase formation and properties of lithium aluminum silicate (LAS) glass-ceramics

To study the influence of the nucleation mechanism in lithium aluminosilicate glass, a composition similar to commercially produced glass was used. The glass-ceramics was obtained as a result of two-stage heat treatment, differing in the nucleation temperature and coinciding in the temperature and time of crystal growth. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to study the formed nanocrystals. It was shown that the change of nucleation temperature in the glass transition interval Tg ±15 °C significantly affects the coefficient of thermal expansion, which is due to the formation of a different number of nanocrystals of the general composition LixAlxSi1-xO2 with x = 0.33 with the size less than 50 nm.

Microstructural constraints for the formation of net-textured Fe-Ti oxide ores of the Baima layered intrusion in the Emeishan large igneous province, SW China

The mafic–ultramafic layered intrusions in the Emeishan large igneous province (LIP) host significant amounts of Fe, Ti and V resources. The Fe-Ti oxide ore layers hosted in these layered intrusions are variable in thickness and it is enigmatic how the large amounts of Fe-Ti oxides are accumulated to form the Fe-Ti oxide ore layers. The Fe-Ti oxide ore layers are mainly composed of net-textured ores, however, the processes to form the net-textured ores have not yet been well constrained due to lack of diagnostic microstructural evidence of Fe-Ti oxides in the ores. Here we use the electron back-scattered diffraction (EBSD) technique to characterize the microstructures of Fe-Ti oxides in the net-textured ores of the Baima layered intrusion in the Emeishan LIP, e.g., crystallographic orientation and neighbor-/random-pair misorientation, and to assess the formation model of net-textured ores. The net-textured ores are composed of silicate crystals (olivine, and minor plagioclase and clinopyroxene) isolated by interconnected matrix composed of Fe-Ti oxides (titanomagnetite and ilmenite) and minor sulfides. It is likely that the Fe-Ti oxides simultaneously crystallized from a common Fe–Ti–(P)-rich melt, but postdated olivine and other cumulus minerals. The compaction induced by the gravity of overlying cumulus minerals only caused weak intragrain deformation of Fe-Ti oxides so that the Fe-Ti oxides did not experience intense dynamic recrystallization. Instead, the relatively high temperature and water-rich condition facilitated the operation of static recrystallization, resulting in the straight or smoothly curved grain boundaries of Fe-Ti oxides. The neighbor-pair misorientation patterns of Fe-Ti oxides show the preference for low-angle misorientation, supporting the idea that adjacent crystallized Fe-Ti oxides were rotated to coincident orientation in a melt. This study provides new microstructural evidence for the presence of immiscible Fe-rich melt from which the Fe-Ti oxides crystallized to form the net-textured ores.

New assignments of Raman spectra of tetrahedra and the effects of electronegativity. II. Silicate glasses

Our density functional theory calculations (by GAUSSIAN) on the Si4O104− moiety and Na4Si4O10 molecule reproduce the experimental Raman frequencies and relative intensities for the three A1 modes in the experimental Raman spectra of Na2Si2O5 and BaSi2O5 crystals and glasses. Taking the center of mass into consideration, accompanied by visualization using GaussView, these calculations provide a firm assignment of these three peaks: the 1060 cm−1 peak to the Si-NBO stretch (NBO = Si–O or Si–O–Na), the ∼600 cm−1 peak to the Si-BO stretch (BO = Si–O–Si), and the ∼500 cm−1 peak to the Si-BO-Si bend. Our GAUSSIAN calculations on modified “non-equilibrium” SiO44− tetrahedra, constrained to have the same Si–O bond lengths and O–Si–O bond angles as in the Si4O104− moiety, confirm the above-mentioned assignment and show reasonable agreement with the experimental Raman frequencies and relative intensities. We then examine the regular trends in the Si-NBO and Si-BO stretch frequencies for all Qn (n = 0–4) species in silicate glasses and crystals. The large systematic change in the differences between these frequencies (Δ1) is explained by electronic changes within the SiO4 tetrahedron. For example, the larger Δ1 for the Q3 tetrahedra than the Q2 tetrahedra is due to the changes in Si, BO, and NBO electron densities on the tetrahedral Si and O atoms, as measured by Si 2p and O 1s x-ray photoelectron spectra. This trend strongly suggests that the Si-BO stretch frequency for the Q4 species in v-SiO2 should be ∼500 cm−1, close to the A1 breathing mode frequency of 495 cm−1 for four membered rings previously assigned.

Inner superhydrophobic materials based on waste fly ash: Microstructural morphology of microetching effects

Superhydrophobic technology in construction can effectively improve the barrier ability of the substrate to harmful water-based erosion media, among which the coating scheme is the most practical choice at present, but it may easily fail due to mechanical damage. Therefore, the current research focus has shifted to the development of internal superhydrophobic materials (ISMs) that maintain stable hydrophobicity even under harsh conditions of use and do not rely on expensive fluor-based surface modifications. In this study, the topological structure of waste denitrification fly ash (FA) was constructed using an innovative method, by precisely controlling the etching medium concentration and the form of FA, a one-step process was developed to create ISM with excellent matrix strength and strong waterproof properties. In this study, the alkaline environment generated by FA hydration was used to induce the silica-hydrogen bond dehydrogenation of polymethylhydrosiloxane (PMHS) and the free ammonium ion deamination to toughen the film; PMHS and liquid phase are used to produce the oil-water phase, and the oil film adheres to the surface of the generated NASH and sodium silicate crystals; The porous inner surface of ISM is formed with hydrogen- and ammonia-induced rough structure; The synthesized ISM retains superhydrophobicity and less compressive strength reduction value, and its superhydrophobicity even at damaged or friction interfaces. The material preparation method provides a good foundation and innovative design concept for the seepage prevention and maintenance of concrete structures, the construction of aerated FA bricks, the preparation of foam insulation materials, and the batch utilization of waste FA.

Lithium in felsic magmas: a volcanological perspective

Volcanic eruptions are unpredictable phenomena that pose a challenge to crisis management, owing to the fact that contrasted eruptive styles (explosive versus effusive) exhibited at the surface depend on unobservable deep processes occurring in the reservoir and the volcanic conduit. Constricting the behaviour of magma during ascent, and the degassing in particular, allows for a clearer understanding of the relationships between petrological and volcano monitoring signals, and hence a better description of the volcanic hazard. To this aim, lithium (Li) has been used to track magmatic and post-eruptive processes, as a geospeedometer for processes operating on short time scales due to its high mobility in silicate melts and crystals. Yet, the accurate use of Li to assess syn- and post-eruptive processes still lack complete dataset. We propose a review of our current knowledge on Li behavior, with an emphasis on felsic (andesitic to rhyolitic) magmas whose explosive behavior during volcanic eruptions is still poorly understood. We present current knowledge regarding the Li concentration and isotopic compositions, intracrystalline diffusion, and crystal-melt-fluid partition coefficients discovered in felsic magmas and primary crystals. We describe difficulties in interpreting Li data to investigate the differentiation, degassing, ascent rate, volatile fluxing, and cooling of magmas. Finally, we suggest future directions for expanding our understanding of Li behavior.

STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF Eu&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt;-CONTAINING GLASS AND GLASS-CERAMICS BASED ON THE SYSTEM BaO–ZrO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;–SiO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;–MgF&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; FOR LED APPLICATION

For the first time, an approach to designing the structure of Eu2+ containing silicate glass-ceramics materials has been experimentally implemented, which consists in the fact that rare earth activator is introduced into various crystals formed during glass crystallization. Transparent Eu-containing glass and glass ceramics based on the system BaO–ZrO2–SiO2–MgF2 were prepared by the traditional glass melting method at 1450°C. The crystal structure and properties of materials were characterized by XRD analysis and photoluminescence spectroscopy during different stages of glass crystallization. It is shown that the simultaneous incorporation of Eu into different silicate crystals (Ba2SiO4, BaMgSiO4, and BaSiO3) formed during the glass crystallization leads to the formation of a material with a wide luminescence band in the visible part of the spectrum. The study of photoluminescence and luminescence excitation spectra of the glass suggests the possibility of energy transfer from Eu2+ to Eu3+ ions. The structures of Eu2+ luminescent centers are similar in the glass and glass-ceramics that is related to some phase separation in the glass before crystallization. The study of luminescence properties of prepared materials showed that these materials can be promising for the application in LEDs techniques.

Synthesis and Electrical Behavior of Sodium Doped Monoclinic SrSiO3

The operating temperature of solid oxide fuel cells, oxygen division membranes, and oxygen sensors is determined by oxide-ion electrolytes. There is a strong incentive to reduce the operating temperature in solid oxide fuel cells, from 800°C to 500°C. The use of low-cost Na+ instead of K+ as dopant in monoclinic SrSiO3 offers a wider solid solution range (0.1&lt;x&lt; 0.5) in Sr1-xNaxSiO3-δ and obtains an oxide ion conductivity of 10-2 Scm-1 at 600°C, reducing the temperature of a smooth transition to full impairment of mobile oxide ions. For electrochemical characterization, the flat surfaces of the pellets were pasted with silver (Ag) paste and then sintered at 1200°C for 24 hours. The production of the Na2Si2O5 phase was observed for most compositions due to thermal treatment. Crystallization of Na2Si2O5 from glass was obtained in single-step calcination at 850°C after synthesis in an acetone medium, resulting in the highest conductivity. Although double calcination reduced conductivity, it improved thermal stability. Due to its low activation energy and lack of crystallization of other silicates, this material showed maximum conductivity after long-standing maturity at 600°C. Ethanol was used in place of acetone for powder assimilation and double calcination was also performed.

Experimental Study of Sulfate Erosion Resistance of Cementitious Sand with Waste Glass Powder

In order to save natural resources and protect the natural environment, the relevant performance of waste glass powder as a building material must be enhanced. In general, volcanic ash activity is enhanced through grinding the glass powder particles to a specific degree of fineness, thereby improving the overall strength of cementitious sand. Our current need is to study the effects of replacing standard sand with glass powder of varying particle size and dosage range on its resistance to sulfate erosion as well as the corresponding mechanisms. To further examine the durability properties of glass powder cementitious sand, this study uses glass powder of 100–200 mesh and 200–500 mesh to create cementitious sand samples, replacing 10% and 15% of standard sand with equal volume. After curing for 28 days in a standard curing room, the samples are submerged in tap water and a 5% concentration of sodium sulfate solution for 30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 days. Subsequently, the mass loss rate, flexural strength, and compressive strength are measured to reflect the sulfate erosion resistance of the cementitious sand samples containing glass powder. The findings indicate that the flexural and compressive strengths of cementitious sand with waste glass powder experience a swift decline in strength during the pre-erosion stage and a slow decline or even an increase in strength during the post-erosion stage as erosion age progresses. As the glass powder dosage increases, there is a noticeable decrease in the flexural and compressive strengths, in which the doping of 200–500 mesh doped with 15% of glass powder has the worst effect on the resistance to sulfate erosion. As the particle size increases, both flexural and compressive strengths significantly improve, suggesting that sulfate erosion properties are gradually enhanced. The primary reason for this phenomenon is that when glass powder substitutes fine aggregate, the activity develops more slowly in the initial stage, primarily filling the pores and cracks. However, the activity increases rapidly later, more fully integrating with the cement mortar in sodium hydroxide’s hydration product to create dense hydrated calcium silicate crystals. This enhances the overall strength of the sample, filling the pore structure within the system, and is more conducive to resisting the erosion effect of sulfate ions on the sample.