Anatase Crystal Phase Research Articles

Comparative Analysis of Anodized TiO2 Nanotubes and Hydrothermally Synthesized TiO2 Nanotubes: Morphological, Structural, and Photoelectrochemical Properties.

This study presents a comparative analysis of anodization and hydrothermal techniques for synthesizing TiO2 nanotubes directly on titanium foil. It emphasizes its advantages as a substrate due to its superior conductivity and efficient charge transfer. Optimized synthesis conditions enable a thorough evaluation of the resulting nanotubes' morphology, structure, and optical properties, ultimately assessing their photoelectrochemical and photocatalytic performances. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) reveals differences in tube diameter and organization. An X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis shows a dominant anatase (101) crystal phase in both methods, with the hydrothermally synthesized nanotubes exhibiting a biphase structure after annealing at 500 °C. UV-Vis and photoluminescence analyses indicate slight variations in band gaps (around 0.02 eV) and recombination rates. The anodized TiO2 nanotubes, exhibiting superior hydrophilicity and order, demonstrate significantly enhanced photocatalytic degradation of a model pollutant, amido black (80 vs. 78%), and achieve a 0.1% higher photoconversion efficiency compared to the hydrothermally synthesized tubes. This study underscores the potential advantages of the anodization method for photocatalytic applications, particularly by demonstrating the efficacy of direct TiO2 nanotube growth on titanium foil for efficient photocatalysis.

Photocatalytic performance of Soot/TiO2 nanocomposite against toxic dye

Nowadays, composing semiconductors with carbon structures to enhance their optical properties shows huge interest as a nanophotocatalyst for trending applications (i.e., photodegrading pollutants). In this study, TiO2 and soot/TiO2 nanocomposites were prepared via a one-step sol-gel assisted hydrothermal method, using a temperature of 220 °C and a reaction time of 6 h. Characterization by X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy confirmed that the resulting TiO2 and soot/TiO2 materials exhibited a pure anatase crystal phase, without the presence of other TiO2 polymorphs. Soot composition on TiO2 showed enhanced photocatalysis properties, such as a lower combination rate of electron-hole pairs than pure TiO2. Crystal violet (CV) was applied as a pollutant model to examine the photocatalytic degradation of synthesized TiO2 and soot/TiO2. The photodegradation experiments of CV dye in its aqueous media by UV light interaction showed 26.63 % and 89.09 % in the presence of TiO2 and soot/TiO2 nanocomposite, respectively. In the basic media (pH 11), maximum photodegradation (97.95 %) is attained when 0.004 g of Photocatalyst (soot/TiO2) is used. Using the recycled photocatalyst, the dye's photodegradation efficiency remained high throughout the reusability cycles, even after four consecutive cycles.

Effect of Yttrium doping on enhancing the photocatalytic performance of TiO2/GO nanocomposite

Pure and Yttrium doped Titania/Graphene oxide (YTGO) nanocomposites were synthesized by hydrothermal method. XRD analysis confirmed the crystal structure and anatase phase of TiO2 nanoparticles. The anatase phase of TiO2 has been retained in the composite as confirmed from the XRD pattern. SEM and TEM images revealed that the spherical TiO2 nanoparticles are embedded into sheet like structures of GO. The size of the spherical nanoparticles in the composites is relatively smaller than that of pure sample due to anchoring on the GO sheets. The photocatalytic performance of TiO2 has significantly increased in the Y-doped TiO2 with GO compared to pure TiO2 and TiO2/GO (TGO). Moreover, 0.7 % Y-doped TiO2/GO nanocomposite exhibited superior photocatalytic performance with overall efficiency of 97 % compared to other samples. The 0.7 % Y-doped TiO2/GO nanocomposite shows higher rate constant and shorter half life time compared to other samples. The enhancement of photocatalytic activity of YTGO composites attributed to the combination of increased absorption due to the absorption edge shift and effective separation of photo generated carriers.

In vivo assessment of TiO2 based wear nanoparticles in periprosthetic tissues

A multimodal approach combining inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), single-particle ICP-MS (spICP-MS), scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and Raman spectroscopy enabled a deeper insight into the balance between total titanium (Ti), the soluble titanium fraction and titanium dioxide based particle fraction levels in periprosthetic tissues collected from patients undergoing revision surgery. Hydrofluoric acid usage in the sample digestion allowed for complete digestion of TiO2 particles, thus enabling accurate estimation of total Ti levels. The TiO2 fraction represents 38–94% of the titanium load in the six samples where particles were detected, and the fraction is present mainly in samples from patients with aseptically loosened total hip arthroplasty. Further attention was given to this fraction determining the elemental composition, particle count, particle size and modification of TiO2. The spICP-MS analysis confirmed the presence of the TiO2-derived (nano)particles (NPs) with a 39- to 187-nm median size and particle count up to 2.3 × 1011 particles per gram of tissue. On top of that, the SEM-EDS confirmed the presence of the TiO2 nanoparticles with 230-nm median size and an anatase crystal phase was determined by Raman spectroscopy. This study presents a novel multimodal approach for TiO2 particle determination and characterization in tissue samples and is the first in vivo study of this character.

Nanostructured thin films of TiO2 tailored by anodization

Although nanostructured TiO2 layers have been widely prepared by anodization, thin films with thicknesses under 1 μm, over substrate other than Ti foils, with structures beyond the nanopores, had remained a challenge. In this work, such nanostructured TiO2 thin films were synthesized by anodization of Ti films deposited by sputtering on FTO/glass substrates. Anodization was performed in an electrolyte based on 0.6 wt% of NH4F, a graphite cathode and the application of 30 V during lapses ranging from 3 to 14 min. The amorphous TiO2 structures acquired the crystal anatase phase after a post-annealing treatment at 450 °C/4 h. Porous morphologies were observed for anodizing times of 3 and 4 min, sponges were formed with 5 and 6 min and vertical tubular structures were achieved by using 7 up to 9 min; dissolution was observed for longer times. Pore diameters of the structures were in the range of 27 to 47 nm, lengths were within the 330 and 1000 nm interval, transmittance was in the visible range of 70 ± 10%, the energy gap was 3.37 ± 0.02 eV and the wet contact angle was between 20 to 27°. One major contribution of the findings herein developed, is that they can be extended to TiO2 thin films, with a specific nanostructure, grown on a wide gamma of substrates, relevant for particular applications.

Effect of chromium doping on the band gap tuning of titanium dioxide thin films for solar cell applications

A simple and inexpensive spray pyrolysis deposition (SPD) approach was used to produce TiO2 and Cr (2–8) at.%-doped TiO2 thin films. To explore the morphological features of the films, FE-SEM micrographs were used and found that 6 and 8 at.% TiO2:Cr films had fibrous patterns with diameters of 0.45 and 0.78 μm, respectively, while the remainder of the films were agglomerated particles. From X-ray diffraction investigation, it was found that the TiO2 thin films had an anatase crystal phase (tetragonal) up to 6 at.% Cr doping, while an anatase-rutile mixed crystalline phase was identified for 8 at.% Cr doping. The crystallite size of the pristine TiO2 film was 35 nm, while for TiO2:Cr films, it ranges from 35 to 46 nm. The Fizeau fringes technique was employed to measure the thickness of the TiO2 film and 165 nm was found for pristine TiO2 and 164–180 nm for TiO2:Cr films. UV–visible spectroscopy was used to study optical properties such as absorbance, refractive index, optical band gap, dielectric constant, and optical conductivity. As the Cr concentration increases, the optical band gap decreases from 3.40 eV to 2.70 eV. Using the four-point probe method, it was found that the resistivity changes with temperature and is also affected by the Cr content.

A highly efficient supported TiO2 photocatalyst for wastewater remediation in continuous flow

Although TiO2 materials have been extensively studied as photocatalysts, there is not any commercial TiO2-supported photocatalyst used for wastewater remediation. This fact set the goal to synthesize a new supported titanium dioxide photocatalyst which, besides being robust, also has a high reaction surface and a very efficient TiO2 shell thickness. Hence, we present a novel TiO2-supported photocatalyst composed of titania-covered glass wool (GW) fibers decorated with SiO2@TiO2 core-shell spheres. For optimizing the photocatalytic activity of this material, the surface of SiO2 microspheres, as well as, the highly mechanically resistant GW fibers, were covered by a robust titania layer of ca. 20–30 nm of thickness. This layer contains nanometric crystals, ca. 12 nm in size, linked to each other and to the surfaces of both SiO2 microspheres and GW. An exhaustive characterization of the physicochemical properties of this new SiO2-TiO2 composite was performed to confirm the SiOTi linkage and the anatase crystal phase. The photocatalytic activity was initially evaluated in batch through the photodegradation of Methylene Blue as a standard dye. Afterward, the addition of the new photocatalyst in a solid phase stationary (SPS) photoreactor coupled to a TOC detector allowed studying in situ the mineralization of the recalcitrant pollutant phenol under a continuous flow regime. Results revealed that the optimized TiO2 surface of the SiO2-TiO2 composite produced the complete mineralization of phenol in less than three minutes. Even more, it was demonstrated that this photocatalyst is suitable for the industrial scale-up of wastewater treatment because it does not leach titania, its reuse does not require filtration procedures, and it can be easily implemented in SPS photoreactors at plant scale. In this context, the new material could be a good starting point to prepare other supported photocatalysts for wastewater remediation.

Farklı Kalınlıklarda Üretilen TiO2 İnce Filmlerinin Boya Duyarlı Güneş Pili Performansına Etkisi

Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC) are known as 3rd generation solar cells. One of the most important parameters affecting the performance of DSSCs is the thin film thickness that forms the photoanode layer. In this study, we examined how 38, 60 and 76 µm thick TiO2 thin films change dye-sensitized solar cell performance. The highest efficiency (4.73%) was seen in the solar cell with 38 µm thin film thickness. In addition, the mineralogical and morphological analyses of the produced TiO2 nanopowders were performed with X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). XRD analyses showed that TiO2 was in the anatase crystal phase. SEM photographs confirmed the formation of microspheres in close contact with each other.

Bi Doped TiO2 as a Photocatalyst for Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity

This study is based on the preparation of TiO2 and bismuth doped TiO2 (Bi-TiO2) nanoparticles by surfactant-assisted sol-gel approach. The physiochemical characteristics of prepared samples were examined by X-ray diffraction technique (XRD), Fiel emission scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive analysis (FESEM-EDS), and UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-vis DRS). The XRD patterns revealed that the anatase crystal phase was only formed with high crystallinity. The band gap energies were measured to be of 3.11 eV for TiO2-2 and 3.02 eV for Bi-TiO2 by ultraviolet (UV)-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, revealing that doping Bi improves the efficient interactive relation of the catalyst with visible light. Also, EDS results confirm that Bi particles are immobilized on the surface of TiO2 successfully. The activities of the catalysts were tested by photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) under the visible light. Bi-TiO2 photocatalyst could achieve the best MB degradation percentage of 70.2% after 180 min. of visible irradiation. Additionally, effect of some experimental parameters such as effect of humic acid (HA) and pH has been evaluated as much as reusability of catalyst. The characterization results confirmed the successful and desired preparation of the catalysts. The Bi-TiO2 presented significant visible light response photocatalytic activity for the degradation of MB.

Improving the current density and reducing the recombination rate of dye sensitized solar cells by modifying the band gap of Titania using Novel heterostructures

Here we report the synthesis of thin films of pristine TiO2, 1% Cd-doped TiO2 (Cd–TiO2), TO2/Cd–TiO2, and Cd–TiO2/TiO2 on FTO glass substrates using the sol-gel dip-coating method. XRD shows that all films have an anatase crystal phase. The maximum intensity and large grain size (48.89 nm) in a 1% Cd–TiO2/TiO2 bilayer film have been observed. Detailed optical properties like absorbance, transmittance, band gap energy (Eg), refractive index (n), dielectric constant, and extinction coefficient (k) have been calculated by UV–Vis. Spectroscopy. According to UV–Vis results, all films absorb UV radiation and transmit visible radiation. The film of 1% Cd–TiO2/TiO2 is a good electrode for solar cell applications due to its low Eg (2.9 eV) and strong transmittance in the visible region. The dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) of these films have been prepared with N719 dye. The cell made up of 1% Cd–TiO2/TiO2 photoanode has the maximum power conversion efficiency (2.47%) in comparison with a pure TiO2 photoanode (1.32%) due to an improvement in the transfer of electrons from the LUMO of dye to the conduction band of TiO2.

Efficient photosensitive light harvesting dye sensitized solar cell using hibiscus and rhodamine dyes

Co-sensitization is a powerful technique for achieving photosensitive light harvesting and enhancing dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC) performance. In this article, potential of extracted natural dye from Hibiscus sabdariffa and synthetic organic dye from Rhodamine as single dye source and mixed dyes are used to examine the performance of cells. The UV–Vis absorption spectra showed that examined dye mixture has cumulative absorption properties, such that its absorption spectra overlapped the spectral area. Moreover, DSSCs are characterized using UV–Vis Spectroscopy and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). FTIR study was used to observe the functional groups of dye molecules to ensure the anchoring ability of dye to adsorb onto TiO2 layer. X-Ray diffraction spectrum analysis (XRD), Photovoltaic performance of cells, Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were also conducted on the cells. The impedance spectra of dyes show minimum impedance of 17.5 Ω in case of mixed dye. XRD analysis recognizes small crystalline size that reveals anatase crystal phase of TiO2. Co-sensitized dye solar cell shows highest current density (Jsc) of 4.02mA and power conversion efficiency of 1.23%. The outcomes can be attributed to the light harvesting, the good optical condition, and the appropriate energy levels of the co-sensitized dye. Moreover, the homogenous dispersion causes effective dye loading on the surface of semiconductor.

One‐pot hydrothermal synthesis of porous anatase TiO2 nanotube formed bundles for lithium ion battery anodes

AbstractAnatase phase of TiO2 nanomaterial has been deemed a potential anode material for lithium ion battery (LIB) applications because of its remarkable electrochemical properties. However, TiO2 anodes always suffer from intrinsic poor electrical conductivity and slow ion kinetics, which would restrict their practical usage. To address this issue, efficient control and design of the anatase crystal structure of TiO2 material with desirable morphology is one of the critical approaches. In this work, a good lithium storage capability of 181 mA hr g−1 at rate of 0.2C, high rate performance of 70 mA hr g−1 at 20C, and excellent cyclability of 117 mA hr g−1 with a capacity retention of 93% at 1C after 100 cycles and 84 mA hr g−1 at 10C after 1,000 cycles are observed in an optimized porous anatase TiO2 one‐dimensional nanotube bundle nanomaterial fabricated through a simple hydrothermal process with post calcination treatment. These excellent electrochemical properties of the product can be ascribed to its anatase crystal phase, 1D nanostructure, and porous framework with a large surface area, which provide it with an efficient electrode/electrolyte contact area and a faster ion/electron diffusion pathway.

Investigation of the structural and morphological features of TiO2:8OBA composites for MIS semiconductor diodes

In this study, a liquid crystal 8OBA-doped TiO2 composite was formed on a p-Si substrate using the ultrasonic spray coating method. The characterization of the un-doped and doped films produced was carried out by SEM-EDS, XRD and UV–vis measurements. SEM/EDS analysis showed that the TiO2:8OBA composite completed the formation of a layer on the glass surface and exhibited a homogeneous distribution throughout the surface. XRD analysis of TiO2:8OBA composites showed that anatase and rutile crystal phases are belonging to TiO2 and CH based phase indicating 8OBA. In addition, as a result of UV–vis analysis, the optical band gap of 8OBA:TiO2 composite was calculated as 2.82 eV. Besides, the diode application of 8OBA doped and un-doped TiO2 thin film was performed. Charge transport processes of the diode were studied in detail by taking current–voltage measurements. The ideality factor, barrier height, series resistance and parallel resistance values were extracted using different methods.

Aluminum Doped Titanium Dioxide Thin Film for Perovskite Electron Transport Layer

Aluminum (Al) doped titanium dioxide thin film with different Al doping concentration (Al = 0 mol%, 1 mol%, 3 mol%, 5 mol% and 7 mol%) were deposited using solution spin coating technique and the effect of Al concentration on the structural, morphological and optical properties were examine. All samples were annealed at 450°C for 1 hour. XRD reveal that the films exhibits anatase crystal phase at (101) peak orientation. Based on the FESEM and AFM image it is found that, surface morphology of the film was significantly affected with different doping concentration. Al doped titanium dioxide with 3 mol% Al concentration shows the highest transmittance compared to others samples. Consequently, it is shown that different Al doping concentration plays vital roles in producing an optimum Al doped titanium dioxide thin films samples.

The Calcination Effect on the Crystallinity, Nitrogen Content, and Pore Structure of Nitrogen-Doped Titanium Dioxide

Mesoporous nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide nanomaterials have been synthesized through a one-step sol gel process with dodecylamine as the pore template as well as the nitrogen source. The calcination process plays an important role in the crystallization process, determination of doped nitrogen, and pore formation. The effect of calcination temperature on the material structure was studied by calcination treatment of the as-synthesized material at several temperature variations. The resulting materials were characterized using FTIR, XRD, XPS, and N2 gassorption analysis. The results showed that the anatase TiO2 crystal structure began to form with calcination at 400 °C. The higher calcination temperature tends to cause the transformation of anatase crystal phase into rutile. The higher calcination temperature also affects the doped nitrogen content, where the pore-templating molecules begin to disappear at a calcination temperature and leaving a number of dopants on TiO2. All dopants are released from TiO2 at a calcination temperature of 600 °C. The optimum calcination temperature to form mesoporous structure was 450 °C, and the sintering occurs at a calcination temperature higher than optimum temperature indicated by the collapse of the pore structure.

Structural, optical, and electrical properties of TiO2 thin films deposited by ALD: Impact of the substrate, the deposited thickness and the deposition temperature

TiO2 films were deposited by ALD on Si and glass substrates. FTIR analysis reveals an incomplete process for deposition temperatures below 160 °C. The transition from the amorphous to the crystallized anatase phase is observed during the variation of the deposition temperature. Films were uniform and homogeneous, with a crystallization threshold temperature depending on the substrate’s nature. This delay in crystallization temperature was highlighted by many characterization techniques and found higher by about 50 °C on glass compared to Si substrate. We have also identified the determining role of the deposition temperature and the thickness in the crystallization process and we propose a growth model, independently of the substrate’s nature, using different structural analyses. TiO2 refractive index (n) and extinction coefficient (k) were studied at various deposition temperature. The evolution of the TiO2 polarizability (αopt) with material density was determined from n values, showing a large variation of polarizability as a function of material density, in agreement and complementary with other studies. The investigation of the dielectric properties at low frequency shows that the losses and relaxation in TiO2 decrease with deposition temperature, reaching at 300 °C a high and frequency-independent dielectric constant, close to the one reported for polycrystalline anatase.

Metal-doped carbon-supported/modified titanate nanotubes for perfluorooctane sulfonate degradation in water: Effects of preparation conditions, mechanisms, and parameter optimization

Metal-doped, activated carbon (AC) supported titanate nanotubes (Me/TNTs@AC) have been shown promising for photocatalytic degradation of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). However, the preparation recipe of the adsorptive photocatalysts has not yet been optimized in terms of type and content of precursor ACs and the metal dopants as well as synthesizing conditions. In this work, the photocatalytic performance of Me/TNTs@AC was evaluated based on the effectiveness in defluorination of pre-sorbed perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) after 4-h UV irradiation. Based on the experimental results, the highest photocatalytic mineralization efficiency (66.2 %) of PFOS was achieved using Ga/TNTs@AC prepared under the following conditions: Filtrosorb-400® = 50 wt%, Ga = 2 wt%, hydrothermal treatment temperature = 130 °C, hydrothermal duration = 72 h, and calcination temperature = 550 °C. To understand the underlying mechanisms, selected materials were characterized via X-ray diffraction, the BET surface area and pore volume, UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectrometry, and photoluminescence. The results revealed that the superior photoactivity of Ga/TNTs@AC is attributed to the Ga-facilitated formation of pure crystallized anatase phase during the calcination, high UV light absorption, formation of microscale hybrid AC-anatase-Ga phases, and oxygen defects induced by Ga3+. The information can facilitate preparation and optimization of composite photocatalysts for efficient adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of PFAS in water.

Porosity and functionality: A study on interdependence

The catalytic activity of a material had been dependent on the nature of the matrix. To address this issue, a detailed study was aimed. TiO2 nanoparticles were fabricated with an unusual anatase crystal phase and an interesting porous morphology. The development of porosity in TiO2 was skillfully achieved by using hexamine during the synthesis, followed by its selective removal by calcination at an optimum temperature. The route was found to be template‐free, green and thoroughly reproducible. Surface of the as prepared TiO2 was modified with oleic acid (OA) expecting an interaction between Lewis acidic TiO2 and electron‐rich OA. This modification enabled adhesion of Ag nanoparticles on TiO2 surface, because OA had already been reported as an effective capping agent for Ag nanoparticles. A comparison was made between the photocatalytic activities of TiO2 and TiO2‐Ag nanocomposites. This was further compared with commercial variety of TiO2. A very interesting trend was observed establishing that porous morphology of the nanoparticles could boost photocatalytic activities toward dye degradation in water medium. All the samples were systematically characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, XPS, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, and Transmission Electron Microscopy.

Hydrothermal synthesis of novel heterostructured Ag/TiO2 /CuFe2 O4 nanocomposite: Characterization, enhanced photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye, and efficient antibacterial studies.

In this work, we reported the successful synthesis of novel Ag/TiO2 /CuFe2 O4 ternary nanocomposite by hydrothermal technique by using TiO2 /CuFe2 O4 binary nanocomposite precursor that was also prepared by hydrothermal treatment by using TiO2 nanoparticles and CuFe2 O4 nanoparticles synthesized via sol-gel method. The synthesized nanomaterials were accessed for their morphological, structural, and optical properties. X-ray diffraction (XRD) study reveals the formation of pure Ag/TiO2 /CuFe2 O4 ternary nanocomposite in which the Ag, TiO2 , and CuFe2 O4 are in anatase, spinal, and cubic crystal phases, respectively. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high-resolution TEM (HRTEM) analyses of Ag/TiO2 /CuFe2 O4 ternary nanocomposite indicated granule-shaped morphology with bright spots of silver. The existence of Ti, O, Cu, Fe, and Ag without any other elements in the energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) spectra of the prepared ternary nanocomposite depict its purity and its polycrystalline nature was confirmed by its selected area electron diffraction (SAED) pattern. The ternary nanocomposite was utilized for the methylene blue dye degradation with an optimum dose of 1.00 g/100 ml under ultraviolet (UV) light; the enhanced photocatalytic activity of the composite is attributed mainly due to the appreciable magnitudinal difference of positive charge of the valence band and negative charge of the conduction band of TiO2 and CuFe2 O4 ; meanwhile, the interfacially placed Ag acts as a sink for the elections. Also, the ternary nanocomposite showed satisfactory antibacterial activities. PRACTITIONER POINTS: The prepared ternary nanocomposite showed effective results in dye degradation and satisfactory antibacterial property. The concentration of methylene dye has decreased considerably in every degradation process which was accessed through UV-vis studies. The highest degradation by using the ternary nanocomposite archived at pH = 6 Appreciable antibacterial activity was achieved against a few Gram-positive strains and Gram-negative strains of bacteria. This research activity can open a broad area of research towards textile dye degradation and antibacterial studies.

Hollow TiO2/g-C3N4 nanocomposite for photodegradation of volatile organic carbons under visible-light

Hollow TiO2/g-C3N4 nanocomposite was prepared using solvothermal method. Two-dimensional g-C3N4 nanosheets were coupled with TiO2 hollow spheres at different ratios to investigate the charge-carrier interactions with the aim of enhancing the photocatalytic properties of the nanocomposite. This coupling was systematically examined by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, photoluminescence, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and UV diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The prepared nanocomposite was used for the photodegradation of the volatile organic carbons methyl tetra-butyl ether and toluene present in aqueous solution. Elemental analysis and X-ray diffraction revealed a high-purity sample, while the UV diffuse reflectance spectroscopy demonstrated the presence of a well-defined anatase crystal phase for the TiO2 hollow sphere; and the photoluminescence measurements showed an enhancement in visible-light absorbance, with a good reduction in the electron-hole recombination rate. The performance of the nanocomposites in the photocatalytic degradation of toluene under irradiation with visible-light was evaluated. The 20/80% TiO2/g-C3N4 nanocomposite materials showed highest photocatalytic activity for toluene and methyl tetra-butyl ether, achieving a degradation of more than 90%; this is attributed to the interaction between the two surfaces in the TiO2/g-C3N4 nanocomposite, resulting in a higher performance than the individual components.