Crude Sucrose Research Articles

Heterologous Expression and Characterization of Thermostable Levansucrase (BsSacB) from Bacillus subtilis BB03

Thermostable levansucrase encoding gene (sacB) with its promoter was isolated from Bacillus subtilis BB03. BsSacB is composed of 1419 bp, encoding 473 amino acid residues and with promoter regions TTGCAA (-35) and TAGAAT (-10). The amino acid sequence analysis of BsSacB showed conserved motifs of microbial fructosyltransferase belonging to Glycoside Hydrolase family 68 (GH68). Comparative analysis of the protein structure was carried out with 3D model of BsSacB constructed using PyMol software. BsSacB gene was expressed in Escherichia coli and the purified enzyme demonstrated thermo stability up to 50°C with a high hydrolytic activity at pH 6.0 and presence of Ca2+ promoted the activity by 15%. An attempt was made to further characterize the thermostable recombinant levansucrase from B.subtilis BB03 using crude sucrose rich substrates. Optimal levan production was seen with molasses (1.94±0.04 g/L) at 15 h as compared to cane juice (1.0±0.01 g/L) at 12 h. An increase in levan formation with gradual decrease in hydrolytic activity was distinctly evident in both the molasses and juice media.

Study on Production of High-monoester Sucrose Fatty Acid Esters by Improved Metallic Salt Method and Alcoholic Separation

Abstract Crude sucrose fatty acid esters made by solvent-free process are purified by an improved metallic salt method and alcoholic separation. It is found that purified sucrose fatty acid esters can be obtained only by the use of calcium chloride in an amount stoichiometrically equivalent to the amount of the potassium stearate to be removed or in a slight excess amount. Among other soaps, potassium stearate is removed more easily from the crude sucrose fatty acid esters, which shows that potassium stearate is the most suitable soap for the solvent-free synthesis of sucrose fatty acid esters. In addition, it is also found that pure sucrose fatty acid esters can be quantitatively separated into two fractions, one with high-monoester content, and the other with low-monoester content. Sucrose fatty acid esters with a wide range of HLB can be obtained by mixing the two parts in varied proportions. An equilibrium relationship between the distribution of sucrose fatty acid esters with a high HLB in liquid phase and sucrose esters with a low HLB in the precipitate is studied and a triangle graph and equations are given. According to the triangular graph and the equations, the yield of the two fractions can be predicted.

Comparison of foaming and interfacial properties of pure sucrose monolaurates, dilaurate and commercial preparations

The functional properties of a commercially available, crude sucrose monolaurate (L1695) were studied by investigating the foaming, and interfacial properties i.e. surface tension, thin film drainage, thickness and mobility, and comparing them with the properties of pure sucrose monolaurate isomers and sucrose dilaurate. Both pure sucrose monoester isomers studied exhibited similar foaming and interfacial properties. In comparison, sucrose dilaurate displayed poorer foaming properties and higher surface tension. Crude sucrose monolaurate had a greater foamability and foam stability than either component. Addition of diester to monoester improved the foaming properties of the monoester to that of the crude sample, with the optimum enhancement observed at a molar ratio of 4:1 (monoesterrdiester). Little or no differences in surface tension and thin film properties were observed between monoester and mono/diester mixtures. Initial work studying aggregation showed an increase in light scattering and a reduction in critical micelle concentration with sucrose mono/diester (molar ratio 4:1). The functional properties of both the crude sucrose monoester and major components were also investigated in the presence of protein. The foamability of all the sucrose esters in the presence of BSA showed a similar trend. Similar foam stability was observed for the purified monoesters and monoester/diester mixture in the presence of BSA whereas the foam stability of crude sucrose monoester was dependent on the presence of surface active contaminants (i.e. fatty acid) within the commercial sucrose ester Abbreviations: sucrose 6-monolaurate (SE6L); sucrose 6′-monolaurate (SE6′L); crude sucrose ester laurate (CSEL); sucrose dilaurate (SEDL); fluorescent recovery after photobleaching (FRAP); 5-dodecanoylaminofluorescein (DDAF), molar ratio (MR); (hydrophiliclipophilic balance HLB); absorbance at 350 nm (A 350); critical micelle concentration (CMC); gas chromatography (GC).

Opioid peptides in human adrenal: partial characterization and presence of adrenal peptide E.

Evaluation of hypotheses concerning the role of opioid peptides in the human adrenal is handicapped by the lack of information concerning the nature of these peptides. We studied the content of opioid peptides in whole adrenal tissue using several RIAs, including one which cross-reacts with all opioid peptides tested. Opioid peptides were localized to granules which behaved like chromaffin granules on crude sucrose density separation. beta-Endorphin immunoreactivity was a minor component, which was found principally in the form of beta-endorphin-(1-31). The majority of the remaining peptides probably were products of proenkephalin. The human postmortem tissue differed from bovine tissue in that the major accumulating products of this precursor were the size of the enkephalins and their small congeners, and not the intermediate-sized (mol wt, approximately 1500-4000) peptides that predominated in bovine tissue. We also found evidence of the presence of the 25-amino acid complex opioid, peptide E, in human tissue.

Interactions of actin, myosin, and a new actin-binding protein of rabbit pulmonary macrophages. II. Role in cytoplasmic movement and phagocytosis.

Actin and myosin of rabbit pulmonary macrophages are influenced by two other proteins. A protein cofactor is required for the actin activation of macrophage myosin Mg2 ATPase activity, and a high molecular weight actin-binding protein aggregates actin filaments (Stossel T.P., and J.H. Hartwig. 1975. J. Biol. Chem. 250:5706-5711)9 When warmed in 0.34 M sucrose solution containing Mg2-ATP and dithiothreitol, these four proteins interact cooperatively. Acin-binding protein in the presence of actin causes the actin to form a gel, which liquifies when cooled. The myosin contracts the gel into an aggregate, and the rate of aggregation is accelerated by the cofactor. Therefore, we believe that these four proteins also effec the temperature-dependent gelation and aggregation of crude sucrose extracts pulmonary macrophages containing Mg2-ATP and dithiothreitol. The gelled extracts are composed of tangled filaments. Relative to homogenates of resting macrophages, the distribution of actin-binding protein in homogenates of phagocytizing macrophages is altered such that 2-6 times more actin-binding protein is soluble. Sucrose extracts of phagocytizing macrophages gel more rapidly than extracts of resting macrophages. Phagocytosis by pulmonary macrophages involves the formation of peripheral pseudopods containing filaments. The findings suggest that the actin-binding protein initiates a cooperative interaction of contractile proteins to generate cytoplasmic gelation, and that phagocytosis influences the behavior of the actin-binding protein.

A Modified Procedure for the Synthesis of Sucrose

A modified procedure for synthesis of sucrose was carried out by using purified crystalline 1, 3, 4, 6-tetra-O-benzoyl-D-fructofuranose in place of 1, 3, 4, 6-tetra-O-acetyl-D-fructofuranose; namely, reaction of 1, 2-anhydro-3, 4, 6-tri-O-acetyl-α-D-glucopyranose with tetrabenzoyl-D-fructose at 110_??_118°C for 3 hr followed by deacylation, and by chro-matographic separation of the deacylated product afforded crude sucrose. Acetylation of the synthetic product gave octaacetate sucrose in the yield of 5.0%.

Alkali metal derivatives of sucrose. II. Condensation of sodium sucrates with organic halogen compounds

AbstractSodium sucrates have been investigated as a means of preparing sucrose derivatives from organic halogen compounds. No reaction has been effected with monosodium sucrate and methyl iodide, and this has been attributed to the presence of ammonia or sodamide in the sucrate. A product approximating in composition to a tetra‐O‐allyl sucrose has been obtained in 50% yield from trisodium sucrate and allyl chloride at 122°; allyl sucrose has also been prepared from hexasodium sucrate. Mono., tri‐, penta‐ and hepta‐sodium sucrate react with epichlorohydrin at 135° to give in quantitative yield highly cross‐linked insoluble polymers of the epoxide resin type; mixtures of sucrose and sodium sucrate also give insoluble polymers.Methoxymethyl sucrose, soluble in water and organic solvents, has been prepared from chloromethyl methyl ether and pentasodium sucrate at 15°. Ethylene dichloride reacts with trisodium sucrate at 122–135° but sucrose is the major product formed. o‐Chloronitrobenzene does not react.The reactivity of pentasodium sucrate towards a range of organic compounds has been assessed under mild conditions in the presence of dimethoxyethane: (a) alkyl and aryl chlorides in general do not react at 70–75°, but crotyl chloride is an exception and crotyl sucrose has been prepared in 62% yield; (b) acid chlorides and simple acid anhydrides react readily and 15 crude sucrose esters have been prepared and their solubilities estimated. Terephthaloyl sucrose is a polymer. Complex reactions occur with triphenylmethyl chloride, picryl chloride, 2: 4‐dichlorophenoxyacetyl chloride, a‐chloroacetophenone and ethyl mercuric chloride.