Crude Oil Sorption Research Articles

Crude oil sorption performance of native and acetylated Siamese senna seed pods

The recurring problem of oil spillage has directed research to the exploration of various agricultural wastes in order to discover new, inexpensive, and environmentally friendly oil sorbents. This research studied the viability of native and acetylated seed pods of Siamese senna as oil spill mop. SEM, BET, and FTIR analyses were employed to assess the adsorption tendency of the adsorbents for crude oil. Investigation of the oil sorption behaviors of the adsorbents involved batch sorption experiments. The SEM analysis revealed improvements in the surface morphology of the acetylated pods. The BET surface area increased from 265.2 m2/g to 335.0 m2/g after acetylation. The FTIR spectra of the oil-treated pods showed that the acetylated pods adsorbed more oil than the native pods. The Langmuir isotherm best described the sorption equilibrium for the adsorbents. Kinetic analysis showed that the sorption processes conformed to the pseudo-second-order model, and were controlled by film diffusion alone or in conjunction with other mechanisms. The results obtained in this work show that Siamese senna seed pods can be used for crude oil sorption from an aqueous medium. The improved oil sorption capacity of the acetylated pod shows that it has more potential to serve as a low-cost alternative for oil spill remediation than the native seed pod.

Effective strategy for alleviation of oil contamination in marine via the superhydrophobic biochar: Performances, mechanisms and environmental recalcitrance

The performance of layered double hydroxides (LDH)-biochar composite on alleviating oil spill pollution is poorly understood. A superhydrophobic biochar (NCY) was synthesized from the pristine wood chips biochar (WCB) after the surface deposition of NiCo-LDH (NCB) and hydrophobic modification with stearate. The oil removal potential of the designed biochars was investigated via the diesel oil/crude oil adsorption experiments and the environmental recalcitrance evaluation. The compared characterization results revealed that NiCo-LDH was successfully deposited onto biochar matrix via the electrostatic attraction and pore filling effect, which facilitated a special flower-like hierarchical architecture rough surface for biochar and hinder the multi-layer stacking of LDH. Benefit from the constructed hierarchical architecture, the occupancy of oxygen-containing functional groups and hydrophobic modification of stearate, the water contact angle of NCY (156°) was remarkably larger than NCB (117°) and WCB (50.1°), which exhibit a superhydrophobic. The maximum diesel oil sorption capacities of biochars increased from 3.28 g/g in WCB to 5.64 g/g in NCB and 11.6 g/g in NCY, as well as the maximum crude oil sorption capacities of biochars showed a similar trend (WCB: 4.64 g/g, NCB: 8.74 g/g, NCY: 18.6 g/g). Accordingly, NCY showed higher oil adsorption capacity than NCB and WCB mainly due to the enhanced hydrophobic forces and the π-π electron donor-acceptor interaction resulted from lower amount of O-containing functional groups and superhydrophobic surface wettability. Furthermore, the application of LDH remarkably improved the environmental recalcitrance of biochar (resist to the chemical oxidation and thermal decomposition in marine) due to the coating of NiCo-LDH could enhance the bulk stability of biochar and increase the liable carbon content in biochar. This study proved that the application of NiCo-LDH and stearate could be an effective approach for improve the oil pollution remediation capacity and the environmental recalcitrance of biochar.

Crude oil sorption capacity of modified and unmodified biowaste

Contamination of water by crude oil is ubiquitous particularly in developing countries. The governments of affected countries raise a lot of concern because of the associated economic and environmental impacts which are not in tandem with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), 6, 8, 11, 13 & 14. Remediation of crude oil-impacted water and soil become imperative. However, the exercise is expensive; hence the search for cheaper and local alternatives. In this study, unsegregated wood sawdust was collected from the various wood saw-dust dump sites within the main Timber shade in the vicinity of Udu Bridge, Udu LGA of Delta State, Nigeria. One half of the sample was chemically modified by acetylation using acetic anhydride while the other half wasn’t. They were characterized using Fourier Transformed Infra-Red Spectrophotometer (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscope coupled with Electron Dispersive X-ray (SEM/EDX) analyzer before employing them in the removal of the crude oil from the simulated crude oil spill- water media. The obtained results indicated that the modified sorbent (wood sawdust) sorbed more crude oil than the unmodified sorbent (wood sawdust). Experimental process control factors limited to time, sorbent dosage, particle size, was investigated using the modified sawdust. The modified sorbent gave maximum oil absorption capacity of 5.228 gg-1 for sorption time, 4.759 gg-1 for sorbent dosage and 5.838 gg-1 for particle size analyses. The study contributes to the knowledge of sorption studies using unsegregated wood sawdust for remediation of crude oil-contaminated media.

Equilibrium and Kinetic Studies of Crude Oil Sorption on Unmodified and Modified Napier Grass

Equilibrium and Kinetic Studies of Crude Oil Sorption on Unmodified and Modified Napier Grass

Mann’s Cucumeropsis Seed Shell as an Oil Sorbent: Kinetic, Isotherm, and Thermodynamic Studies

Oil spill cleanup using agricultural wastes, which otherwise cause environmental contamination, has gained popularity. In this study, the feasibility of using Mann's cucumeropsis seed shell, a commonly found agricultural waste, as an oil spill mop, was investigated. To identify the surface characteristics of the seed shell, SEM and BET analyses were employed. Batch crude oil sorption tests were performed under various adsorption conditions to determine the effects of initial oil concentration, contact time, adsorption temperature, and adsorbent dosage. Kinetic study of the sorption process involved the pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order, Elovich, and intraparticle diffusion models. Isotherm analysis involved the Langmuir, Temkin, Freundlich, and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherms. Additionally, the thermodynamic parameters for the sorption process were established. SEM analysis revealed the porous nature of the seed shell's surface. The BET surface area was 313.2 m²/g. The oil sorption process conformed best to the pseudo-first-order kinetics and Langmuir isotherm. The monolayer sorption capacity of the seed shell was 13.072 g/g. The sorption process was exothermic, with some order at the adsorbent–mixture interface. The study's findings demonstrate that Mann's cucumeropsis seed shell is a potent oil sorbent that is safe for the environment and can be enhanced for use in cleaning up oil spills.

Study the characteristics of porcellanite rocks and applied as a sorbent for removing crude oil

ABSTRACT The utilization of porcellanite rocks as a natural inorganic sorbent for crude oil sorption was investigated in this study. The experiments were achieved in batch operation, the efficiency of porcellanite was studied with different quantities of sorbent weight, grain size, mixing times and temperature. The effect of oil–water mixture pH on the sorption effectiveness of porcellanite at various pH value was tested. Porcellanite was chemically treated with HCl and NaOH to enhance the effectiveness of oil removal. The results show that porcellanite had good sorption effectiveness for crude oil at various pH and temperature. The maximum crude oil removal (82.2%) was obtained at a mixing duration of 20 min at room temperature and 3 g raw porcellanite with grain size 250 µm. Under optimized conditions, the raw porcellanite was found to adsorb about 82.2% of oil in the prepared sample. The study demonstrated that porcellanite has significant potential as a low-cost sorbent for oil spill cleanup.

Green synthesis of novel titanomagnetite nanoparticles for oil spill cleanup

Crude oil spills that exist in surface water are a serious threat at the worldwide level to the ecosystem and marine life in both short and long terms. Thus, environmentalists along with many investigators over the last few decades have developed many physical/mechanical, chemical, and biological methods for the effective removal and recovery of oil from water resources. However, most of those methods are either costly, ineffective, or rely heavily on utilizing toxic materials. Herein, we have developed a new protocol for the green synthesis of nanoparticles of titanomagnetite (NTM) at various conditions (i.e., initial concentrations of iron precursor and temperatures). The properties of the produced nanoparticles, such as surface area, size, crystallinity, surface structure and hydrophobicity were described by an array of characterization methods such as BET, XRD XPS, HRTEM, SEM, and contact angle measurements, to optimize the synthesis conditions. The optimal nanoparticles were used as sorbents to remove crude oil spills from water, following our modified ASTM protocol. To observe the dominant mechanisms involved in sorption of crude oil, the optimized nanoparticles were utilized to remove a cationic dye, exemplified by methylene blue (MB), using batch adsorption mode. The achieved results showed a successful synthesis of 27 batches of NTM nanoparticles at different levels of temperatures and concentrations of iron precursor. The application of the experimental design method showed a significant role for both factors in the formed nanoparticles and the great possibility of pertaining high surface area material at mild conditions. The optimal nanoparticles, compared with magnetite and other plenty sorbents, showed an outstanding performance toward removal of crude oil spills (uptake 38 ± 2 g crude oil/g NTM) and MB (uptake 36 mg MB/g). The spent NTM was completely regenerated and maintained more than 95% removal after three successive regeneration cycles, without impacting their surface chemistry. Our optimized nanoparticles were fabricated at room temperature following easily scaled technique, and then successfully applied for treatment of real heavy oil spills in contrast to many other studies that used oil models. The obtained findings also confirm that our fabricated nanoparticles can be implemented as part of an attractive method for low-cost and effective oil spill cleanup, instead of utilizing massive dosages from booms or skims via the employment of other mechanical techniques.

Acylhydrazone-modified guar gum material for the highly effective removal of oily sewage

Oily sewage poses a serious environmental risk normally; thus, herein, the modified guar gum (GG-SH) was prepared through rapid condensation reaction between polysaccharide and stearic hydrazide. GG-SH exhibited high removal efficiency of crude oil, the maximum adsorption capacity was calculated to be 2157.3 mg•g-1. The kinetics and isotherm statistical theories showed that the sorption of crude oil onto GG-SH was governed by pseudo-second-order, and Langmuir models, respectively. The removal rate was still high after six cycles of regeneration, indicating an outstanding technique to prepare polysaccharide-based material for the oily sewage treatment with high efficiency and recyclability.

The Effect of Chicken Gallus gallus (Domestics) feathers on the sorption properties of polyurethane foam

A comparative absorption capability analysis was conducted using adapted polyurethane foam as crude oil Sorbents. The used Crude oil has been brought from the west of the Qurna city oil field with A.P.I. equals 22.2- 27. API measures how heavy or light a petroleum liquid is compared to water; crude oil's sorption and absorption ratio amounts are investigated. The findings demonstrate that the absorption ratio of fluff feather to wing feather is very distinct. The fluff feather absorbed much more crude oil than the wings. Moreover, much crude oil absorption causes the three types of feathers to plunge into crude oil. Owing to the disparity of the capillary structures of pure and modified polyurethane and the particular arrangement of the feathers, the absorption of modified polyurethane foam is beyond pure foam. The absorption ratio is saturated at (240-270) % (where the modified foam releases some additional volume of crude oil rather than the saturation ratio). Because of the cross-link density inside the modified foam, the last results were clarified. Also, we analyzed the effect of 10 holes on the absorption ratio in which the absorption is less than the unpinned ratio. Keywords: Chicken feather, Qurna, West Qurna oil field, Iraqi crude oil, polyurethane, capillary structure.

Mn2O3 nanoparticle impregnated glycine max husks for the optimization of oil remediation in contaminated water

The sorption of crude oil using raw (unmodified) and Mn2O3 nanoparticle-modified glycine max husks was investigated for treatment of oil-spilled water surfaces by batch sorption technique. Box-Behnken design was employed for optimization of the sorption process by response surface methodology using design expert software. The sorbents’ characterization was by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope–energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis, and Thermogravimetric analysis. Equilibrium isotherm data were evaluated using Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Scatchard models. The Langmuir gave the best fit to the experimental data and maximum monolayer uptake capacities of 3.47 and 5.29 gg−1 were obtained for the raw and nanoparticle-modified glycine max husks (RGMH and NGMH), respectively. Kinetics showed that their sorption will be satisfactorily described using pseudo-second-order, based on their large R2 values and at equilibrium uptake time of 70 and 50 min for oil onto the RGMH and NGMH, respectively. Thermodynamic parameters revealed a process that is non-spontaneous for RGMH, and spontaneous and feasible for NGMH. Regeneration and reusability after three sets of sorption-desorption were better with NGMH. Thus, Mn2O3 NGMH has greater potential as a sorbent for the management of oil-spilled water surfaces than RGMH.

Development of a Hydrophobic Carbon Sponge Nanocomposite for Oil Spill Cleanup

Oil leaks (or spills) into the aquatic environment are considered a natural disaster and a severe environmental problem for the entire planet. Samples of polyurethane (PU) composites were prepared with high specific surface area carbon nanotubes (CNT) to investigate crude oil sorption. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), density measurements, and mechanical compression tests were used to characterize the polyurethane-carbon PU-CNT prepared samples. The spongy composites exhibited good mechanical behavior and a contact angle of up to 119°. The oleophilic character resulted in increased hydrophobicity, a homogeneous oil distribution inside the sponge, and a sorption capacity in a water/oil mixture of 41.82 g/g. Stress-strain curves of the prepared samples showed the good mechanical properties of the sponge, which maintained its stability after more than six sorption desorption cycles. The CNT-PU composites may prove very effective in solving oil pollution problems.

Enhanced Crude Oil Sorption by Modified Plant Materials in Oilfield Wastewater Treatment.

The treatment of oilfield wastewater with high crude oil content and complex composition is a problem requiring considerable attention. In order to effectively remove crude oil contained in wastewater, in this work, rice straw, as an oil-absorbing material, was modified and used as a sorbent for crude oil. Rice straw was modified with alkali and cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC) by simple substitution reaction. The adsorption capacity of modified rice straw for oil was evaluated. The results illustrate that the adsorption rate of rice straw for crude oil was increased from 0.83 to 8.49 g/g, with the optimal conditions of 18% NaOH reacted for 90 min at 50 °C and 2% CTAC reacted for 60 min at 20 °C. The proposed modification method could be used for different materials to enhance the adsorption rate. The results of the contact angle test show that the modified straw changed from hydrophilic to hydrophobic, which may be the main reason for the improvement in the oil absorption rate. Finally, the surface structure of rice straw was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms, which further confirmed the hydrophobicity of the modified rice straw.

Flexible polyurethane foam with improved oleophilic and hydrophobic properties for oil spill cleaning

Three chemical compounds (A1, A2, and A3) with long alkyl chains (C5, C8, and C10) were used in this work to improve the oleophilic and hydrophobic properties of blank flexible polyurethane (FPU) cubes for oil spill clean-up. Water sorption was observed to be reduced by almost 50% when compared to blank FPU, while crude oil sorption of modified FPU cubes was raised by A1 = 37.16, A2 = 42.68, and A3 = 45.94 g/g, as well as diesel fuel sorption by A1 = 36.72, A2 = 39.80, and A3 = 41.68 g/g. In the water-oil system, the sorption capacity of FPU cubes modified with three new oleophilic organic compounds was increased by A1 = 43.47, A2 = 44.49, and A3 = 45.15 g/g for crude oil spills and by A1 = 34.07, A2 = 34.16, and A3 = 36.05 g/g for diesel fuel spills, compared to blank FPU cubes of 27.29 and 22.28. The findings suggest that the modified FPU cubes could be utilized to clean up oil spills successfully.

Electrospinning fabrication of magnetic nanoparticles-embedded polycaprolactone (PCL) sorbent with enhanced sorption capacity and recovery speed for spilled oil removal

The use of oil-soaked sorbents in the recovery and cleaning of oil spills presents challenges due to disposal. Recently, magnetic nanoparticle (MNP) based collection has been gaining interest as a new technique to lower the amount of labor required to treat oil spills. In this study, we devised a new method for the preparation of a magnetic nanoparticle (MNP) embedded polycaprolactone (PCL) sorbent with oleophilic and environmentally friendly features, capable of bring easily collected under a magnetic field. Compared with conventional polypropylene sorbents, the MNP embedded PCL sorbent (MNP/PCL) displayed excellent Arabian light (AL) crude oil sorption capacity (45.7 g g−1) and decreased the absorption time of the oil-soaked sorbent due to its electrospun structure and efficient distribution of hydrophobic MNPs. Furthermore, the MNP/PCL based sorbent became fully pyrolyzed under certain temperatures and conditions. The MNP embedded PCL-based sorbent demonstrated broad applicability and utility in large scale oil spill projects.

Solar-irradiated carbon dots as high-density hot spots in sponge for high-efficiency cleanup of viscous crude oil spill

A novel solar-heating superhydrophobic sorbent system created by the in situ chemical reaction of carbon dots with commercial porous sponge has been developed for the high-speed sorption of viscous crude oil from a seawater surface.

Utilization of Annona senegalensis as a Sorbent for THE Removal of Crude Oil from Aqueous Media

In the present study, the efficiency of Annona senegalensis fiber to remove crude oil from aqueous solution was evaluated. The crude Annona senegalensis (CAS), retted Annona senegalensis (RAS) and bleach Annona senegalensis (PFAS) were subjected to sorption studies to optimize their sorption capacity. The results revealed that the efficiency of sorbent to remove crude oil from water is related to the sorbent weight, contact time, initial oil concentration and temperature of sorption. It was found out that increase in sorbent weight led to increase in sorption capacity from 3.99-5.25g/g, 5.51-7.12g/g, and 5.01-6.72g/g in CAS, RAS and PFAS respectively. Increased in Initial oil concentration also increased the oil sorption capacity by 20-21% until it reach equilibrium. Sorption time was varied from 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 and 70 minutes and the highest sorption capacity was recorded at 30 minutes before a gradual decreased was observed. Sorption capacity decreased with increased in temperature above 400C. The sorbent exhibited good reusability after 8 cycles, with less than 50 % reduction in sorption capacity. The kinetics of crude oil sorption onto CAS, RAS and PFAS follow the second- order model with correlation coefficients higher than 0.99. The results obtained revealed that crude oil adsorption onto the Annona senegalensis fiber can be used as an effective adsorbent to oil spill cleanup in water bodies.

Envelopes with microplastics generated from recycled plastic bags for crude oil sorption

AbstractOil spill accidents in marine environments and the lack of disposal of post‐consumer plastic are environmental problems worldwide. This study presents a sustainable alternative for both issues through envelopes filled with microplastics (MPs) from recycled bags for the sorption of spilled crude oil. Through particle size analysis by three different sieves (4, 9, and 20 mesh), different MP sizes were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), density, contact angle (CA), and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). According to their sizes, the MPs were distributed in envelopes and submitted to crude oil sorption capacity and efficiency evaluation. Three MP particle sizes were obtained (from the largest to the smallest, according to the sieve mesh, MP4, MP9, and MP20). SEM images of samples exhibited irregular and porous surfaces, and MP4 had the smallest pore size (8.6 μm). BET showed that MP4 had the highest surface area (0.074 m2/g). The CA > 90° exposed that all samples were hydrophobic. FTIR spectrum demonstrated that the samples from the recycled bags were made of high density polyethylene (HDPE). The MP4 envelopes also had the best crude oil sorption results in capacity and efficiency (1.73 g/g and 68%, respectively), being a promising recycled sorbent in crude oil spillage applications.

Cost-effective and recyclable aerogels from cellulose acetate for oil spills clean-up.

Cigarette butts are the most known variety of anthropogenic litter on Earth, which consists mainly of cellulose acetate. It can be prepared as aerogel which can be used to remove oil pollution caused by heavy shipping traffic in the Baltic Sea. It is prepared as a solution in acetone which then is poured into water and oven-dried afterwards. The hydrophobicity can be simply improved by wetting with a little amount of oil. Aerogel's sorption capacity, as well as its regeneration for sorption of crude oil, marine diesel oil, and biodiesel sorption from water surface, has been estimated. Their recyclability to fresh samples with re-characterization has been also determined. It has been found that multiple use of cellulose acetate aerogels is not effective because the sorption capacity decreases by up to 80% after a single use. However, the sorption capacity of recycled samples decreases by only 20% on average compared to the samples from the first batch. This capacity could be fully exploited during the life cycle of cellulose acetate.

Feldspar-banana peel composite adsorbent for efficient crude oil removal from solution

The problem of oil spill pollution associated with the transport of crude oil and its products across the globe is of serious concern. The sorption technique has proved to be promising for oil spill treatment but is limited by the hydrophilic nature of most natural organic sorbents. The combo of natural organic and inorganic sorbents have been found to enhance the hydrophobicity for oil sorption. Therefore this study was aimed at the preparation of a novel feldspar-banana peel biochar composite (FBPC) with enhanced hydrophobicity for the sorption of crude oil. The prepared sorbent was characterised by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques, while the crude oil was characterised using standard methods. Batch sorption was used to determine the effect of contact time (30–150 min), temperature (25–100 °C), pH (2.0–10.0), oil concentration (4.0–12.0 g/L) and sorbent dosage (0.1–0.5 g) on sorption. SEM analysis of FBPC revealed a porous structure, while XRD confirmed the crystalline phases of feldspar. The crude oil samples had pH (6.40–6.60), density (0.960 0 0.962 g/cm3), kinematic viscosity (24.0–27.6 cSt) and API gravity (24.25–24.51°). The Langmuir model with R2 > 0.7781 presented the best fit than the Temkin and Freundlich model in the isotherm analysis, while the pseudo-second-order model with R2 > 0.9711 was applicable in the kinetics of sorption. The thermodynamic analysis revealed a decrease in randomness at the crude oil-FBPC interface. The prepared FBPC was found to be an efficient inorganic–organic composite sorbent with enhanced hydrophobicity for the sorption of crude oil.

Investigation of Cellulose-Based Aerogels for Oil Spill Removal

Oil pollution caused by heavy shipping traffic in the Baltic Sea could be removed by the help of highly porous aerogels made from the waste. These could be produced from environmentally friendly cellulose, e.g., from paper waste, but would have to be hydrophobized for oil sorption. Such a cellulose aerogel was investigated in this research work. Six types of aerogel with 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 wt% cellulose with porosities in the range of 96–98% stabilized by unsaturated polyester as cross-linker have been produced. Aerogel’s sorption capacity as well as its regeneration for sorption of crude oil, marine diesel oil, and biodiesel sorption from water surface and mechanical strength has been estimated. It was found out that crude oil sorption capacity reach 29.67 ± 0.39 g g−1, biodiesel—29.07 ± 0.26 g g−1, while marine diesel oil—26.26 ± 0.39 g g−1. The aerogel with 0.5 wt% cellulose shows the best sorption properties after 10 cycles of the sorption.