Crucial Actors Research Articles

Relational Plants and Apurinã's Multibeing Life-Making

Southwestern Amazonia is one of the most biodiverse areas of the world. In this region, plants have a significant place and role in Indigenous peoples’ social relations. They are inseparable actors in human history and crucial social actors within diverse social assemblages. Our article focuses on plant subjectivities in Apurinã ritual encounters, which highlight the elemental role of certain plants in complex relations of various more-than-human and human beings. In the kyynyry and kamatxi rituals of this Arawak-speaking nation living in the Purus River region, the plants are central ritual actors and manifest in immaterial and material ways: they are entities, have their own songs, and are embodied, danced with, and experienced through diverse audible dimensions. Our sources, produced by participative workshops, interviews, co-living with our interlocutors, as well as our own participation in ritual encounters, show how plants are considered to be constituted as relational agents. The plants are identified and known through their relationships, qualities, and the production of multibeings. They follow the same moiety lines as the Apurinã, but some plants become more important than others. Plants reveal varying degrees of relative agentive potency depending on their relationship to other beings, and the role in the life-making of humans, animals, plants, and other more-than-human beings. Furthermore, our community-based approach also points to the development of specific systems of communication, such as in the form of plant instruments’ sounds, storying, and sharing experiences of living with plants.

Underwater carnival: explaining how Thai boys’ love drama series “sneak” into Chinese media cyberspace

Thai boys’ love (BL) drama series, which peddle romantic relationships between pretty male characters, are emerging as vibrant players in the global subculture market. This article investigates the intriguing phenomenon of how Thai BL drama series evade censorship and flow into Chinese media cyberspace. Our analysis focuses on two of the critical stakeholders in the geocultural flow of Thai BL genres: entertainment corporations and fan-subtitled groups. This research demonstrates that these two crucial actors have formed alliances to participate in the transnational relay of Thai boy intimate media, developing the synergistic “soft resistance” strategy centered on compromise and adaptation to counteract media censorship under the Chinese patriarchal political regime. The coordinated networks that have resulted from the interactive marketing tactics of producers and distributors have enabled Thai male bonding media to successfully penetrate the Chinese “cultural fence.” However, this successful infiltration of Thai BL drama series into the Chinese market should not be exaggerated. They remain a subdued “underwater carnival” outside the orthodox normative paradigms of heterosexuality in Chinese society.

Street-level coaches and the question of ‘semi-professionalized’ volunteers in Swedish youth football: a Lipskian case study

Coaches in youth sport stand as crucial actors in the implementation of policies and rights. But there are expectations, stresses, and pressures on the coaches from parents, the culture, sport governance, local organizations, as well as the children, that work implicitly or explicitly, either as supports or obstructions. Thus, the vital aim of this article is to present and discuss the dilemmas in acting as a coach in youth football, at a minor level – at a ‘street-level’, Hence, Michael Lipsky’s study on several professions (in service and welfare) and, especially, his thesis on ‘street-level bureaucracy’ stands basically as the important influence in the design, presentation and final discussion and statements. The article is grounded in an empirical study, labelled as FC Countryside, which embodies and exemplifies a large number of Swedish football clubs in the lower divisions. These coaches in youth sports are regularly recruited and engaged as volunteers. Despite this position, due to sport policies, demands on skills and knowledge and the implementation of rights, they are subject to an increasing professionalization process of football in general. The discussion, due to the empirical findings, present the coaches as semi-professionals, and as ‘street-level coaches’, in the perspectives of Lipsky.

No watchdogs on Twitter: Topics and frames in political journalists’ tweets about the coronavirus pandemic

Social media channels, particularly Twitter/X, played a significant role as information platforms during the COVID-19 pandemic. As journalists are crucial actors on that platform, an analysis of the content and tone of their tweets during the pandemic can reveal the role they played in shaping public understanding of this public health crisis. Our analysis focuses on Germany where the government enforced relatively strict anti-COVID-19 measures and where strong opposition to these measures emerged outside the mainstream media. We analyzed almost 10.000 tweets of 247 journalists of mainstream media during a 14-month-period. To shed light on journalists’ watchdog versus collaborative role orientation, computational methods were used to extract themes and tone in their pandemic-related tweets. Furthermore, network analysis was utilized to identify influential actors in journalists’ interactions with experts and other users on Twitter. The findings revealed that journalists tweeted most about topics like the economy, protests, and Chancellor Merkel’s ability to implement a restrictive containment policy. As demonstrated by the network analysis, journalists frequently interacted with cabinet members and pro-government experts on Twitter during the pandemic. The analysis also revealed that some tweets were characterized by an anti-protest and anti-lockdown tone, but these came from different groups of journalists.

Harlequin mice exhibit cognitive impairment, severe loss of Purkinje cells and a compromised bioenergetic status due to the absence of Apoptosis Inducing Factor

The functional integrity of the central nervous system relies on complex mechanisms in which the mitochondria are crucial actors because of their involvement in a multitude of bioenergetics and biosynthetic pathways. Mitochondrial diseases are among the most prevalent groups of inherited neurological disorders, affecting up to 1 in 5000 adults and despite considerable efforts around the world there is still limited curative treatments.Harlequin mice correspond to a relevant model of recessive X-linked mitochondrial disease due to a proviral insertion in the first intron of the Apoptosis-inducing factor gene, resulting in an almost complete depletion of the corresponding protein. These mice exhibit progressive degeneration of the retina, optic nerve, cerebellum, and cortical regions leading to irremediable blindness and ataxia, reminiscent of what is observed in patients suffering from mitochondrial diseases.We evaluated the progression of cerebellar degeneration in Harlequin mice, especially for Purkinje cells and its relationship with bioenergetics failure and behavioral damage.For the first time to our knowledge, we demonstrated that Harlequin mice display cognitive and emotional impairments at early stage of the disease with further deteriorations as ataxia aggravates. These functions, corresponding to higher-order cognitive processing, have been assigned to a complex network of reciprocal connections between the cerebellum and many cortical areas which could be dysfunctional in these mice.Consequently, Harlequin mice become a suitable experimental model to test innovative therapeutics, via the targeting of mitochondria which can become available to a large spectrum of neurological diseases.

Non-governmental organizations’ development interventions and community empowerment in Kitui County, Kenya

Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) are crucial actors in international development, addressing global challenges and fostering sustainable development in communities worldwide. Despite concerted NGO efforts, Kitui County in Eastern Kenya remains underdeveloped, grappling with significant challenges in education, healthcare, women empowerment, and food security. With 48% of its population living in poverty, surpassing the national average, and 39.4% facing food insecurity, Kitui County is in urgent need of intervention. This study investigates the impact of NGO interventions on community empowerment in Kitui County, focusing on education, health, and women empowerment sectors. Drawing on the Empowerment Theory and Sustainable Development Theory, a pragmatic research approach was adopted, employing a descriptive survey design. Data were collected from 384 residents aged 18 and above, utilizing structured questionnaires and interviews. Quantitative data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), while qualitative data underwent thematic analysis. Findings reveal that NGO interventions have positively influenced education, with 66% acknowledging improved access to quality education through provided materials and teacher training programs. In healthcare, immunization campaigns (65%) and maternal and child health clinics (65%) have significantly reduced mortality rates and increased health awareness. Women empowerment initiatives, including microfinance and leadership training, have empowered women economically (64%) and facilitated their advocacy for rights (69%). This study underscores the vital role of NGOs in enhancing community empowerment in Kitui County. It emphasizes the need for sustained NGO interventions tailored to local contexts to address multifaceted development challenges effectively.

Crouching the tiger, or hiding the dragon? scale in China’s heritage production

In the built heritage studies, the intricate web of social and selective processes that define heritage is evident. These processes are, in many cases, intertwined with the notion of scale, examplified through the production of heritage sites at the local, national, and transnational scales. While heritage and geography scholars have articulated the role played by scale in heritage-making and argue against a rigid, fixed, and hierarchical understanding of scale, they highlight the constant reproduction of scale. There is, so far, limited explanation of how the perception of scale gets reproduced and how crucial actors manipulate scalar power and resources for heritage making and the reproduction of scale. To fill this gap, this paper delves into mainland China’s heritage-making, using the southern Anhui historical villages as an example. Based on intensive 5-month field research, this paper has three findings: 1) The nomination process for a World Heritage Site is notably influenced by politics and selectivity; 2) Diverse stakeholders are pivotal in shaping heritage narratives; 3) Individual contributions to heritage creation directly interact with, and subsequently reshape, ‘scale’, an entity that is simultaneously discursive and tangible. By integrating the notion of ‘scale’ into heritage discussions, we illuminate two concurrent processes: creating hierarchies through rule assimilation by interpreting the UNESCO standard internally and evolving socio-spatial dynamics via the manifestation of individual agency with resource manipulation, scale jumping, and reproduction of scale. This approach aligns with the material orientation in human geography and repositions ‘scale’. Here, it’s not just an epistemological framework but also a tangible force that steers individual perceptions and actions and yields measurable material impacts.

‘In a very few years, we stepped several miles’: how eliminating gender-based violence became (and remained) public policy in Norway

Since the 1970s, important struggles were won to improve the ‘publicness’ of gender-based violence (GBV) in Norway. Since 2000, the Ministry of Justice has coordinated policy work to combat GBV for the Norwegian government. In 2010, a Shelter Act made the provision of domestic violence shelters by local governments mandatory. This article turns to the question of how a public responsibility for GBV was established, and how dedicated public policy, legislation, funding, and services were subsequently realised. This article identifies the crucial actors, factors, and conditions that have had the greatest influence on agenda-setting, policy development and decision making in the policy cycle. Analysis is based on 22 interviews, policy analysis and previous Norwegian studies that have theorised about the success, how it came about, and the decisive factors in achieving change. Participants of this study were academics, activists, specialist service providers, politicians, lawyers, survivor-advocates, and political advisors. In exploring campaigning for change with participants, the study uncovered fault lines within gender equality and violence scholarship and public policy in Norway that may help explain why GBV is still commonplace. The article offers future directions for policy and research that reflect on these discursive exclusions and normative assumptions.

Implementing climate change adaptation through mainstreaming at the local level—a comparative case study of two municipalities in the Netherlands

Governments face increasing urgency to adapt to climate change. However, there is a persistent gap between needed and implemented adaptation. The implementation of adaptation often takes place at the local level, making municipalities crucial actors, particularly regarding mainstreaming adaptation into various sectors. While mainstreaming has the potential to bring many benefits, it does not necessarily result in the implementation of adaptation. Its contribution to the adaptation process over time and the resulting implementation at the local level remain poorly understood, exacerbating the adaptation implementation gap. To advance the understanding of mainstreaming for implementation, we synthesize the emerging debates on adaptation mainstreaming with the literature on environmental policy integration and offer a framework towards a nuanced conceptualization of mainstreaming. Our results from a case study of two Dutch municipalities show that managerial actions precede the acceleration of implementation in the built environment and point to a learning curve. Furthermore, mainstreaming focuses on the water sector, built environment and green infrastructure, with little attention paid to the intersection of heat stress and drought with other sectors, while differences in the implementation of adaptation in the two cases hint at the influence of the local context. We conclude that there is no blueprint to implement adaptation, and while local preferences determine the sectors where integration and implementation occur, consideration of long-term future climate change is lacking in both cities’ mainstreaming of adaptation implementation. Our framework allowed identifying the potential and pitfalls of mainstreaming adaptation towards implementation at the local level.

Farmer-Centred Multi-stakeholder Platforms: From Iterative Approach to Conceptual Embedding

AbstractResearch on knowledge exchange in multi-stakeholder platforms (MSPs) within smallholder farmer settings has primarily focused on adaptive designs and increased innovation rates. This paper addresses a knowledge gap by providing insights into the limited understanding of how knowledge sharing in MSPs can be inclusive of smallholder farmers’ knowledge. It shares experiences with a farmer-centred approach to learning and knowledge-sharing with smallholder farmers in Ghana and places this iteratively developed approach within a theoretical perspective. We relate the farmer-centred approach to five design principles inspired by human-centred design rules and inclusive development dimensions. Findings from observations, interviews, and focus group discussions illustrate how the farmer-centred approach creates multifunctional spaces for peer-to-peer learning, interaction with institutional actors, and network building (design principle 1). Prior farmer-centred research ensured that themes addressed were relevant to participant farmers and brought their innovations ‘from below’ to the table (design principles 2 and 3). A majority representation of farmers, facilitation by local researchers, and organising platform meetings at the district level created a safe space for farmers to share their knowledge and feel included and empowered (design principle 4). Several local institutional actors took ownership of the platform principles, which created opportunities for their manifestation in future collaborations with farmers (design principle 5). However, challenges remain in engaging crucial actors from higher scale levels and reducing donor dependency. The design principles presented in this paper contribute to the genuine inclusion of farmers’ knowledge and innovations. We recommend government agencies at the national and district levels incorporate these design principles into their work plans and budgets and prioritise farmers’ knowledge and innovation capacity for inclusive learning and knowledge co-creation.

Together we stand? The evolution of online interactions by Southern European LGBTQIA* organizations

ABSTRACT European LGBTQIA* organizations have often been perceived as isolated from other organizations. While investigations have suggested that social media platforms foster inter-organizational ties, their role in promoting or dampening within- and cross-field interactions is understudied. This article aims to fill this gap by examining the factors shaping within- and cross-field digital interactions established by LGBTQIA* organizations located in Milan and Madrid. It analyzes the networks resulting from LGBTQIA* organizations mentioning, sharing, and promoting events on Facebook between 2011 and 2020. Results show that Madrid- and Milan-based LGBTQIA* organizations increasingly engage in cross-field interactions on social media, becoming crucial bridging actors with organizations from other fields. They also suggest that political threats moderate the relationship between organizational identities and cross-field ties.

Negotiating de facto borders: the case of social services provision in Abkhazia and Transnistria

ABSTRACT Following the dissolution of the USSR, the restructuring of borders reshaped a space previously characterized by territorial continuity. While many of these borders gained international recognition, others, like those of Abkhazia and Transnistria, remained de facto, lacking acknowledgement from most sovereign states. Despite scholarly recognition that de facto statehood is detrimental to social welfare, the impact of contested borders on welfare provisions remains underexplored. this article analyses how this multiplication of contested (in)tangible borders impacts the activities of Civil Society Organisations (CSOs) as crucial actors in the provision of social services in Transnistria and Abkhazia. The complex geopolitical dynamics of these borderlands necessitate an examination of border-making practices, considering the interplay between Transnistrian and Abkhazian CSOs, Moldovan and Georgian authorities, and Transnistrian and Abkhazian authorities. International organizations, donors, and Russia also play substantial roles. The analysis reveals that each actor controls critical resources such as access, funding, know-how, and symbolic capital. Consequently, CSOs exhibit agency both locally, when interacting with de facto authorities, and at regional and international levels when engaging with external donors and organizations.

Religion and Development: Alternative Visions, Credibility, and Networks as Religious Assets for Sustainable Development?

Religious organizations have become crucial actors in international development. However, scholarly discussions have largely ignored the dynamics that shape their impact on the ground. This article examines these dynamics by assessing three claims about the specific developmental assets of religious organizations: (a) their credibility in the eyes of their beneficiaries; (b) their control over far-flung social networks; and (c) the idea that religious organizations pursue alternative visions of development. Drawing on existing research, we study these claims in two development sectors: healthcare and environmental sustainability. The results complicate linear narratives of the positive impact of religions on development. Dynamics internal to the religious field sometimes lead to practices that run counter to the Sustainable Development Goals, while institutional pressures in the field of international development push religious organizations to become more similar to their secular counterparts. We suggest the need for alternative frameworks that go beyond prevailing secularization and de-secularization narratives to pay attention to the institutional field dynamics that shape religious development initiatives.

Internalization of Moderate Islam and Local Wisdom as an Effort to Prevent Religious Conflict in Sigi District, Central Sulawesi - Indonesia

This study discusses religious moderation education in Sigi Regency, Central Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. This study used qualitative approach and data was collected through direct observation, in-depth interviews, and written document analysis. The results of this study show that religious education moderation in Sigi Regency has been implemented successfully. Department of Religious Affairs in Sigi Regency played significant roles in implementing religious moderation within schools and madrasah within the regency. The local government also provided support to succeed the religious moderation program through various local traditions and art. Within schools and madrasah context, teachers have become crucial actors in implementing the religious moderation among students. Teachers used various creative learning strategies and media while still considering the conditions of students during the Covid-19 pandemic. The values of religious moderation were not just sent to students but also integrated and immersed within the students life. Creative teaching media were used in the context of innovation in religious moderation learning in Sigi Regency included radio-based distance learning at Bolapapu Kulawi Elementary School in Christian religious subjects and Google Classroom at Islamic Senior High School Biromaru district. Moral subject teachers and other teachers who teach general subjects cooperated to teach values of religious moderation through videos on Google Classroom, which contain values of tolerance and non-violence. Meanwhile, learning media for kindness trees and board games were used to instill the values of love in Christian religious education subjects at Watubula Salvation Army Elementary School. Future studies should focus on the implementation of substantive and technical training on religious moderation by the local government Sigi Department of Religious Affairs and Department of Education and Cultural Affairs must be carried out continuously and comprehensively for Madrasah teachers and religious teachers within general schools.

Strategies in Energy Supply: A Social Network Analysis on the Energy Trade of the European Union

As energy is vital in the sustainability of almost every part of daily life, energy security has become more crucial than ever before. One of the main threats to energy security is a possible disruption along the trade network, which jeopardizes the constant energy supply. The purpose of this research is to identify the relation ties between EU countries in order to clarify the characteristics of the network, such as its crucial actors, vulnerabilities, structural holes, etc., to help achieve some proposals for a more sustainable and secure energy supply. This will help identify the underlying causes of recurring energy crises in the EU and provide insight into developing management strategies for further studies. Following this purpose, we examined the trade network density to clarify typical characteristics of the network, applied degree centrality measures to identify the most central importer and exporter countries, and found the dominance and critical vulnerabilities of actors in the network by using domestic import data of the EU countries. Finally, we recommend some policies and management strategies according to the obtained results and previous literature for further discussion.

Place-based pathways for the twin transition: the role of systemic change agents

PurposeThe aim of this paper is to understand how systemic change agents influence the twin digital and green transitions. The authors build on agency-based theories to argue that transition pathways are influenced by a combination of place-based characteristics, the mobilisation and preferences of systemic change agents (such as local clusters), and the institutional and economic context. The conceptual framework defines the different steps of the twin transition, and it identifies how systemic change agents and geographic characteristics determine the direction and speed of the transition pathway.Design/methodology/approachThis paper starts with a literature review to identify the different schools of thoughts on transition pathways and the twin transition, before developing a conceptual framework and deriving policy implications.FindingsFirst, this paper argues that each transition involves three steps: framing, piloting and scaling. Each of these steps is driven by systemic change agents who engage local actors in trust-based collaboration, pool resources, create network effects and exchange information to source solutions for industry-level challenges. Second, the combination of place-based characteristics and the actions of local systemic change agents define the path of the transition and the new (post-transition) equilibrium. Finally, this paper sets out implications for policymakers who are interested in using systemic change agents to shape transition pathways in their local area.Research limitations/implicationsFurther research is needed to provide robust empirical evidence from a range of territorial realities for the hypotheses in this paper. Specifically, the role of systemic change agents, such as trade associations, regional organisations, clusters or research groupings, needs to be investigated more closely. These agents can play a key role in progressing the transition because they already focus on sourcing solutions to joint challenges and opportunities by exchanging information, engaging local actors in trust-based collaboration, pooling resources and fostering network effects and critical mass. Future research should investigate how policymakers can best leverage on these crucial actors to progress or steer transitions and how this varies depending on place-based characteristics. This could include, for instance, training activities, networking and collaboration (e.g. through the European Cluster Collaboration Platform) or clearer sign-posting the key next steps required for the transition.Practical implicationsThis paper identifies specific ways in which local actors can influence the direction and speed of transitions at each stage of the transition: at the framing stage, political entrepreneurship can be fostered through collaboration and smooth information flows between different levels of governance, at the piloting stage, commercial and social entrepreneurship require effective knowledge sharing and a wide and open search for solutions which, in turn, may require capacity building at the local level and coordination across stakeholder groups and levels of governance and effective scaling up can be fostered through network effects, joint commitment from a broad range of stakeholders and pooling of resources to achieve economies of scale.Social implicationsAn important implication of the framework is that, if several places are undergoing a parallel or joint transition, the result may not be convergence between these places. Instead, different places may choose different end points and they may proceed at different speeds. For instance, in the context of the European Union’s green and digital transitions, it is unlikely that every region will transition to a similar level of digitisation or make steps in the same direction when it comes to sustainability.Originality/valueThis paper plugs a gap in understanding how systemic transitions unfold and how their speed and direction are influenced by different stakeholder groups. This paper develops a conceptual framework to define twin transition pathways and it analyses prominent place-based factors affecting these pathways.

The Spores of Life and Death

Fungi are key players in ecosystems. They sustain life, affect the transformation of life forms, and are crucial actors in recycling carbon and minerals back into the common cycle. In addition to the author, three mushrooms are involved in the constellation of this article. In Western art history, self-portraits are intertwined with the theme of death in multiple ways. This posthumanist art-based study asks how mushrooms challenge our understanding of death. The study is located in the framework of queer death studies. Queering death by providing a basis for fungi to grow is a comforting thought.

Current understanding of the molecular mechanisms of circulating permeability factor in focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.

The pathogenetic mechanisms underlying the onset and the post-transplant recurrence of primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) are complex and remain yet to be fully elucidated. However, a growing body of evidence emphasizes the pivotal role of the immune system in both initiating and perpetuating the disease. Extensive investigations, encompassing both experimental models and patient studies, have implicated T cells, B cells, and complement as crucial actors in the pathogenesis of primary FSGS, with various molecules being proposed as potential "circulating factors" contributing to the disease and its recurrence post kidney-transplantation. In this review, we critically assessed the existing literature to identify essential pathways for a comprehensive characterization of the pathogenesis of FSGS. Recent discoveries have shed further light on the intricate interplay between these mechanisms. We present an overview of the current understanding of the engagement of distinct molecules and immune cells in FSGS pathogenesis while highlighting critical knowledge gaps that require attention. A thorough characterization of these intricate immune mechanisms holds the potential to identify noninvasive biomarkers that can accurately identify patients at high risk of post-transplant recurrence. Such knowledge can pave the way for the development of targeted and personalized therapeutic approaches in the management of FSGS.

Psychological Empowerment and Entrepreneurial Orientation for Women-Owned SMEs: Evidence from Indonesia

Micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) are the backbone of advancing the Indonesian economy, which slumped during the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on the mapping of MSME players in Indonesia from the data of the Indonesian Central Statistics Agency (BPS), it is known that 64.5% of MSME players are women. This figure shows that women/mothers are empowered and play a significant role in their economy, families, and even the country. In the end, a gender perspective is essential so that the interventions that can be provided do not exclude women from being recipients or subjects only but view women as agents or crucial actors to advance the economy, society, and culture. Some strategies must be considered to help women become more successful business owners. These include turning informal businesses into formal ones, moving into the supply chain, making digital technology more up-to-date, and getting more women to start businesses that make money. Of course, this requires increasing human resource capacity, training, mentoring, access to financing facilities, legal aid facilities, information, and others, to develop together. The high growth of women's businesses will positively impact economic recovery. However, with the development of economic conditions, the number of MSMEs will increase, and the competition will be higher. In the process, women who can take advantage of the situation and have consistency and confidence in their abilities will be able to move forward more quickly than those who do not have these abilities. This capacity is called psychological Empowerment. Women's psychological Empowerment is the ability of women to have life choices, one of which is making a practical decision about the business or entrepreneurship that is being undertaken to reduce social and economic barriers (Digan et al., 2019). Psychological Empowerment has three dimensions: competence, self-determination, and meaningful impact perceptions. Keywords: Psychological Empowerment; Entrepreneurial Orientation; Women-Owned SMEs; Gender.

Understanding university-industry collaboration from the perspective of proximity: insights from a case study in China

ABSTRACT Universities are increasingly considered as crucial actors for innovation and regional development through university-industry collaborations. Extant research suggests that the impact of knowledge transfer is largely related to the multi-dimensional proximities between universities and knowledge recipients. However, majority of them approached the issue of proximity by treating collaborations between universities and their industrial partners as geographically static. Our case study looks at one Chinese research university which adopted an innovative outreach solution by setting up off-campus institutional arrangements to mitigate the problem caused by the geographical constraint, exploring how such entrepreneurial effort can pose an impact on the various dimensions of proximity. By doing so, this paper aims to enrich the knowledge of university entrepreneurship, elucidate the dynamic nature of proximity in the context of university-industry collaborations and draw practical implications for the promotion of such collaborations at large.