This paper discusses several works on supramolecular nanosystems such as monolayer, bilayer, and multiple-layer films of various biologically active compounds like surface-active monoand polymers, membrane proteins, enzymes, and ionophores. Special attention is paid to the production and studies of surfaceactive monomer monolayers containing immobilized photosynthetic reaction center proteins, bacteriorhodopsin, glucose oxidase, and new amphiphilic derivatives of crown-containing dyes. Based on the results obtained for such structures by absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy, atomic force and Brewster-angle microscopy, and surface pressure and surface potential isotherm measurements, the possibility of developing bioand nanomaterials possessing a set of specified properties (including biosensor, chemosensor, photochromic, and photorefractive materials) is demonstrated.