Cross-sectional Types Research Articles

Prevalence of maxillary sinus pneumatization in partially or totally edentulous patients according to the Carl Misch classification, diagnosed by CBCT in a private radiology center in the city of Cuenca, 2021 - 2022

The maxillary sinus is the largest of the paranasal sinuses, located in the body of the maxillary bone. Its pneumatization process is part of its growth and development. After tooth loss, osteoclastic activity begins in Schneider's membrane, which causes the maxillary sinuses to increase in size, a situation that complicates prosthetic rehabilitation and implant placement. Objective: To determine the degree of pneumatic sinus pneumatization based on Carl Misch's classification in partial or edentulous patients treated in a private radiology center in the city of Cuenca diagnosed by CBCT in 2021-2022. Methodology: Study of observational, descriptive, and cross-sectional types. Seventy-three cone-beam tomographic studies of total and partially edentulous patients considering the area from canines to second molars were examined, based on Carl Misch's classification, to determine the degree of pneumatization and the depth of the maxillary sinus. Results: grade III pneumatization was the most prevalent in 43.41% of the total 129 maxillary sinuses evaluated, a grade IV was mostly in total edentulous (17.05%), and partial edentulous a grade III was more predominant (27.13%). Conclusion: The relationship between the degree of pneumatization and the depth of the maxillary sinus was evident, determining that there is a relationship between the loss of dental pieces and the pneumatization of the maxillary sinus, and these results can help plan surgical procedures and to take into account possible complications in patients with a higher degree of pneumatization.

A topology, material and beam section optimization method for complex structures

This article presents an engineering method for optimizing the topology, materials and beam cross-sectional types of complex structures comprising bars, beams or shells, or their combinations. The optimization problem is established based on an extended ground structure where each location contains multiple components or cross-sectional beams with different materials. This problem is solved through explicit sequence approximate problems involving discrete 0/1 variables to determine the optimal topology, materials and beam section types of components, and continuous size variables. The 0/1 variables are determined with a genetic algorithm, in which size variables are optimized with a dual method after determining 0/1 variables in each generation. The final design is restricted to a condition where at most one component can exist per location, realized through modified operators in the genetic algorithm. Structural analyses are conducted before establishing approximate problems in iteration cycles. Numerical examples, including an engineering application, demonstrate the efficiency of this method.

A compact, low-pressure manifold with uniform flow at low Reynolds number

Manifolds that distribute fluid into or that collect fluid from a multiplicity of streams are ubiquitous. We introduce a new theory for manifold design to produce uniform flow among their streams. By constructing a tapered header region that feeds uniformly spaced diffuser channels (constraint A), flow uniformity can be achieved with less than a quarter of the footprint of bifurcating manifolds, provided that diffuser channels are arrayed in triangular form (constraint B) with a design-specific angle that satisfies a compatibility condition between its header and diffuser (constraint C). The associated theory harnesses creeping-flow hydraulics to induce a constant header pressure-gradient, in contrast with past theory that relied on the interplay between kinetic energy, pressure, and viscous losses to uniformize header pressure at finite Reynolds number. Experiments using dye-based flow visualization from manifolds incorporating these three design constraints are shown to produce uniform flows, while designs that violate any of the three constraints produce flow that is biased toward the manifold's ends or its center. Our experiments and three-dimensional simulations of such uniformizing manifolds show maximum deviations from uniformity of ∼10% for Reynolds number as high as ∼10. As expected from creeping-flow theory, simulations confirm that such flow uniformity is facilitated by a uniform header-pressure gradient. Finally, the associated uniformizing manifold is shown to produce lower hydraulic resistance than a rectangular manifold circumscribed around it. In addition to the theory's embodiment in the specific form tested here, it is readily applicable to a variety of header and diffuser-channel cross-sectional types.

ADAR2 deficiency ameliorates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and muscle atrophy through modulating serum amyloid A1.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. Sarcopenia is a syndrome characterized by progressive and generalized loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength, which is commonly associated with NAFLD. Adenosine-to-inosine editing, catalysed by adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR), is an important post-transcriptional modification of genome-encoded RNA transcripts. Three ADAR gene family members, including ADAR1, ADAR2 and ADAR3, have been identified. However, the functional role of ADAR2 in obesity-associated NAFLD and sarcopenia remains unclear. ADAR2+/+/GluR-BR/R mice (wild type [WT]) and ADAR2-/-/GluR-BR/R mice (ADAR2 knockout [KO]) were subjected to feeding with standard chow or high-fat diet (HFD) for 20weeks at the age of 5weeks. The metabolic parameters, hepatic lipid droplet, grip strength test, rotarod test, muscle weight, fibre cross-sectional area (CSA), fibre types and protein associated with protein degradation were examined. Systemic and local tissues serum amyloid A1 (SAA1) were measured. The effects of SAA1 on C2C12 myotube atrophy were investigated. ADAR2 KO mice fed with HFD exhibited lower body weight (-7.7%, P<0.05), lower liver tissue weight (-20%, P<0.05), reduced liver lipid droplets in concert with a decrease in hepatic triglyceride content (-24%, P<0.001) and liver injury (P<0.01). ADAR2 KO mice displayed protection against HFD-induced glucose intolerance, insulin resistance and dyslipidaemia. Skeletal muscle mass (P<0.01), muscle strength (P<0.05), muscle endurance (P<0.001) and fibre size (CSA; P<0.0001) were improved in ADAR2 KO mice fed with HFD compared with WT mice fed with HFD. Muscle atrophy-associated transcripts, such as forkhead box protein O1, muscle atrophy F-box/atrogin-1 and muscle RING finger 1/tripartite motif-containing 63, were decreased in ADAR2 KO mice fed with HFD compared with WT mice fed with HFD. ADAR2 deficiency attenuates HFD-induced local liver and skeletal muscle tissue inflammation. ADAR2 deficiency abolished HFD-induced systemic (P<0.01), hepatic (P<0.0001) and muscular (P<0.001) SAA1 levels. C2C12 myotubes treated with recombinant SAA1 displayed a decrease in myotube length (-37%, P<0.001), diameter (-20%, P<0.01), number (-39%, P<0.001) and fusion index (-46%, P<0.01). Myogenic markers (myosin heavy chain and myogenin) were decreased in SAA1-treated myoblast C2C12 cells. These results provide novel evidence that ADAR2 deficiency may be important in obesity-associated sarcopenia and NAFLD. Increased SAA1 might be involved as a regulatory factor in developing sarcopenia in NAFLD.

Bayesian optimization of origami multi-cell tubes for energy absorption considering mixed categorical-continuous variables

Multi-cell structures have been widely utilized in energy-absorbing applications for their lightweight and superior mechanical properties. However, they may produce high peak forces that are harmful to occupant safety during a vehicle collision. In addition, the naturally formed folding and global bending modes under axial loads can significantly restrict their energy-absorbing capability. In this study, a novel origami multi-cell structure is proposed to avoid excessive peak loads and at the same time to guide the deformation mode to improve the energy-absorbing capability. Four cross-sectional types of origami multi-cell structures are investigated experimentally and numerically. The results indicated that the web-to-web (W2W) type origami multi-cell structures are most promising for energy absorption, while web-to-corner (W2C) structures yield low peak forces and excellent deformation modes in our study cases. To further exploit the potential of these structures, multi-objective optimization is required to consider the conflicting objectives of maximizing energy-absorbing capability and minimizing the peak force. However, it is challenging for traditional optimization to deal with continuous, integer, and categorical variables simultaneously. Therefore, the Bayesian optimization method based on the Hamming distance is utilized to handle mixed categorical-continuous variables to optimize origami multi-cell tubes. The optimization results indicated that the optimal origami W2C can decrease the peak force by 30 % while keeping a similar level of specific energy-absorbing capability compared with the conventional W2C structure. Moreover, the optimal origami W2C structure can improve the energy absorption by 40 % compared with the origami W2C baseline design.

Examination of the effects of primary dysmenorrhea on daily life of young women and treatment approaches

&lt;b&gt;Aim: &lt;/b&gt;Dysmenorrhea is a condition characterized by pain during or before menstruation. This study aims to investigate how dysmenorrhea affects the quality of life of young women and explore effective treatment approaches.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;b&gt;Methods: &lt;/b&gt;The research data in descriptive and cross-sectional types were collected using a personal information form containing students' socio-demographic characteristics and a Visual Analog Scale (VAS). A total of 336 students diagnosed with dysmenorrhea and willing to participate in the study were included.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;b&gt;Results: &lt;/b&gt;The mean VAS scale score used to determine the severity of dysmenorrhea in the participants was 6.51±2.10. Among the participants who chose Complementary and Alternative Treatment (CAT), 81.8% preferred lying down for rest, and 72.9% opted for applying heat to the abdomen. A statistically significant difference was found in the use of analgesics and CAT methods for dysmenorrhea control based on a family history of dysmenorrhea and the impact of dysmenorrhea on daily life (p&amp;lt;0.05).&lt;br /&gt; &lt;b&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/b&gt;This study demonstrates that dysmenorrhea can impact the daily lives of young women and highlights the utilization of various treatment methods. Analgesic medication and TAT methods are commonly preferred for managing this condition. Future research could provide further insights into dysmenorrhea management and aid in developing more effective strategies to improve the quality of life for young women.

Stress and strain relations of RC circular, square and rectangular columns externally wrapped with fiber ropes

This study explores the potential use of low-cost natural fiber reinforced rope polymers (FRRP) to improve the compressive behavior of circular, square, and rectangular reinforced concrete (RC) specimens. A total of 42 specimens were tested under monotonic axial compression in three groups. Groups were formed to differentiate specimens with different cross-sectional shapes such as circular, square, and rectangular. The findings demonstrate that FRRP can effectively boost the compressive behavior of RC columns. Circular specimens with three-layer hemp FRRP exhibited a 200% increase in compressive strength and a 270% improvement in corresponding strain. Cotton FRRP provided a 117% boost in compressive strength and a 233% enhancement in strain. In square specimens, three-layer hemp FRRP resulted in a 110% rise in compressive strength and a 186% increase in strain, while cotton confinement yielded improvements of 95% and 144%, respectively. For the square and rectangular specimens, the improvement in the compressive behavior was reduced compared to the circular specimens because of stress concentrations near corners. Moreover, the study showed that the hemp FRRP confinement outperformed the cotton confinement. The investigation also revealed that the existing analytical models were inadequate in predicting the mechanical properties of RC confined with natural FRRP. Therefore, the study introduces novel equations to predict the compressive strength and corresponding strain for both hemp and cotton confined concrete in various cross-sectional types. These proposed equations exhibit a good level of accuracy in predicting the compressive strength and corresponding strain.

Trussed concrete-filled steel tubular hybrid structures subjected to axial compression: Performance and design calculation

This paper presents a study on the axial compression performance of trussed concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) hybrid structures. A total of 26 specimens were tested, including 15 circular and 11 square cross-sectional specimens. The effects of cross-sectional types, yield strength of steel of CFST chord, web types, number of chords, and equivalent slenderness ratio were investigated to clarify the mechanical behavior of trussed structure. The analyses of the full-range response, the typical failure mode, and the distribution of the transverse deflection and strain of the structures were carried out. A finite element analysis (FEA) modelling of trussed CFST structure was established and validated against the experimental results. Through the numerical simulation, the analysis of the internal force and stress was conducted, and the hybrid effect between the web and CFST chord was revealed. Based on parameter analysis, the design calculation was proposed, and the trussed CFST hybrid structure was equivalent to a single CFST to calculate its load-bearing capacity by introducing equivalent slenderness ratio proposed.

Flexural Torsional Buckling of a Beam from the Dee Bridge of 1846 - Analytical and Finite Element Analyses

The Industrial Revolution in Victorian England was a period marked by rapid development of the machine industry, accompanied by new technologies in metallurgy and a need for transport between economic areas that was fast, cheap and convenient. This is a period when the railway transport arose and in a short time acquired an image familiar to us to this day. Passage of train sets across rivers and hard-to-reach areas requires transport facilities. In this period, an extremely large number of bridges and aqueducts were built, which have different constructive solutions, different technologies are applied and they are made of different materials, depending on the preference of their creator. This paper examines the collapse of one of the beams of the Dee Bridge on 24 May 1847. The analysis carried out shows the irrationality of the cross-sectional dimensions and types of girder supports witch generate large compressive forces in the beam, leading to flexural torsional buckling.

Pengaruh Perawatan Payudara Dengan Kejadian Bendungan Asi Pada Ibu Post Partum Di Puskesmas Tampojung Pregi

Breast care is a way of treating breast is done when the pregnancy or during childbirth to facilitate milk production, in addition to the breast hygine and for nipple shape that is entered into or horizontal . and a good Breast care to have an important role in improving milk production and avoid the dangers of the dam breast milk of mothers. The purpose of this study is to know the relationship a breast care with dam breast milk insident in mothers post partum.The design of this study was cross-sectional analytic types. The population is all postpartum women, who has experiences about dam breast milk samples were 20 respondents. Sampling techniques using simple random sampling using the chi squers test. Measuring instruments using questionnaires and observation. Independent variable is the variable dependenya breast care and breast milk is the dam on postpartum mothers.Based on the statistical test using contingency coeficient obtained values ​​for sig count 0,012 0,012 &lt;0.05, then reject Ho and accept H1. This means that there is a correlation with the incidence of breast care dam postpartum breastfeeding mothers.Efforts to resolve the problem is with the increase in education and health promotion efforts more intensively by health workers either to individuals or groups.

General reduced vehicle model for simulating truck-bridge pier collisions

This study proposes a general reduced vehicle model for simulating truck-bridge pier collisions. The model was calibrated using high-fidelity finite element (FE) simulations based on LS-DYNA of three types of trucks (i.e., light, medium, and heavy) impacting with rigid bridge piers. Key parameters influencing the vehicular impact force, such as cross-sectional types and dimensions of piers, truck mass, impact velocity, and impact angle, etc., were systematically examined and included into the reduced model. Based on the FE simulation results, a multi-parameter nonlinear fitting of the parameters of the reduced vehicle model was performed. Finally, the general reduced vehicle model was coupled with elastic piers modelled by beam elements to perform coupled dynamic analysis, and the analysis results were compared with the FE simulation results. The results showed that the truck-pier coupling analysis method based on the above general reduced vehicle model can accurately reproduce at a significantly reduced computational cost the key parameters such as the impact force, pier deflection, cross-sectional bending moment and shear force, etc.

Skeletal muscle-specific DJ-1 ablation-induced atrogenes expression and mitochondrial dysfunction contributing to muscular atrophy.

DJ-1 is a causative gene for Parkinson's disease. DJ-1-deficient mice develop gait-associated progressive behavioural abnormalities and hypoactive forearm grip strength. However, underlying activity mechanisms are not fully explored. Western blotting and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction approaches were adopted to analyse DJ-1 expression in skeletal muscle from aged humans or mice and compared with young subjects. Skeletal muscle-specific-DJ-1 knockout (MDKO) mice were generated, followed by an assessment of the physical activity phenotypes (grip strength, maximal load capacity, and hanging, rotarod, and exercise capacity tests) of the MDKO and control mice on the chow diet. Muscular atrophy phenotypes (cross-sectional area and fibre types) were determined by imaging and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Mitochondrial function and skeletal muscle morphology were evaluated by oxygen consumption rate and electron microscopy, respectively. Tail suspension was applied to address disuse atrophy. RNA-seq analysis was performed to indicate molecular changes in muscles with DJ-1 ablation. Dual-luciferase reporter assays were employed to identify the promoter region of Trim63 and Fbxo32 genes, which were indirectly regulated by DJ-1 via the FoxO1 pathway. Cytoplasmic and nuclear fractions of DJ-1-deleted muscle cells were analysed by western blotting. Compound 23 was administered into the gastrocnemius muscle to mimic the of DJ-1 deletion effects. DJ-1 expression decreased in atrophied muscles of aged human (young men, n=2; old with aged men, n=2; young women, n=2; old with aged women, n=2) and immobilization mice (n=6, P<0.01). MDKO mice exhibited no body weight difference compared with control mice on the chow diet (Flox, n=8; MDKO, n=9). DJ-1-deficient muscles were slightly dystrophic (Flox, n=7; MDKO, n=8; P<0.05), with impaired physical activities and oxidative capacity (n=8, P<0.01). In disuse-atrophic conditions, MDKO mice showed smaller cross-sectional area (n=5, P<0.01) and more central nuclei than control mice (Flox, n=7; MDKO, n=6; P<0.05), without alteration in muscle fibre types (Flox, n=6; MDKO, n=7). Biochemical analysis indicated that reduced mitochondrial function and upregulated of atrogenes induced these changes. Furthermore, RNA-seq analysis revealed enhanced activity of the FoxO1 signalling pathway in DJ-1-ablated muscles, which was responsible for the induction of atrogenes. Finally, compound 23 (an inhibitor of DJ-1) could mimic the effects of DJ-1 ablation in vivo. Our results illuminate the crucial of skeletal muscle DJ-1 in the regulation of catabolic signals from mechanical stimulation, providing a therapeutic target for muscle wasting diseases.

Xylem vessel type and structure influence the water transport characteristics of Panax notoginseng.

Panax notoginseng plays a very important role in medicinal and economic value. The restriction imposed by the hydraulic pathway is considered to be the main limitation on the optimal growth state of Panax notoginseng. The flow resistance and water transport efficiency of vessel were affected by vessel type and secondary thickening structure. The vessel structure parameters of Panax notoginseng were obtained by experimental anatomy, and the flow resistance characteristics were analyzed by numerical simulation. The results showed that the xylem vessels had annular thickening and pit thickening walls. The flow resistance coefficient (ξ) of the pitted thickening vessel was significantly lower than that of annular thickening vessel in four cross-sectional types. The ξ of the circular cross-sectional vessel was the largest, followed by the hexagon, pentagon cross-sectional vessel and the lowest was the quadrilateral cross-sectional vessel, and the structure coefficient (S) was just the opposite. The ξ of the vessel model was positively correlated with the annular height, pitted width and pitted height, and negatively correlated with the annular inscribed circle diameter, annular width, annular spacing, pitted inscribed circle diameter and pitted spacing. Among them, annular (pitted) height and the annular (pitted) inscribed circle diameter had a great influence on the ξ. The increasing and decreasing trend of the S and ξ were opposite in the change of annular (pitted) inscribed circle diameter, and consistent in the change of in other structural parameters, indicating that the secondary wall thickening structure limited the inner diameter of the vessel to maintain a balance between flow resistance and transport efficiency.

Numerical study on ultimate axial resistance of novel fold-fastened multi-cellular steel walls

Fold-fastened multi-cellular steel wall (FMSW) is an innovative cold-formed steel (CFS) built-up wall member, which is constructed by assembling numerous specific cell cross-sections with hook-shaped and groove-shaped folded regions. This paper investigated the ultimate axial resistance of FMSW members through numerical and theoretical studies. Firstly, the refined finite element (FE) models were established to simulate the axial compressive behavior of FMSWs. The accuracy and validity of FE analysis technology were verified by comparing the FE results with existing test results obtained from CFS built-up members with various cross-sectional types. Then, an extensive parametric study was conducted to reveal the effects of different parameters, including the thickness of steel plate, steel strength, cellular dimensions, width of the fold-fastened region and indented spacing. Finally, a design formula was derived to predict the ultimate axial resistance of FMSWs by adopting the effective width method (EWM), where the section with local buckling was excluded in calculations. Based on the comparison between theoretical and numerical results, the prediction formula was reliable for designing FMSWs in engineering practice.

The Effect of Personality Traits of Surgical Nurses on COVID-19 Fear, Work Stress, and Psychological Resilience in the Pandemic

PurposeThis research was carried out to determine the effects of the personality traits of surgical nurses on COVID-19 fear, work stress, and psychological resilience in the pandemic. DesignThe research was descriptive and cross-sectional types. MethodsThe study was conducted between February 2021 and May 2021 at a State University Research Hospital. The research aimed to reach all surgery nurses (357) working in surgical units without selecting a sample. The sample included 325 participants. At the end of the study, the participation rate was 91.03%. Study reporting adheres to STROBE checklist. FindingsIt was determined that 43.4% of the nurses participating in the study were in the age range of 26-30, 64.9% were women. The correlation values between the COVID-19 Fear Scale and the Nurse Stress Scale scores were found to be significant in the positive direction. The correlation values between the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire neuroticism subdimension and the Nurse Stress Scale, and Fear of COVID-19 Scale scores were found to be positive. ConclusionsDuring the pandemic, it is suggested that nurses' work stress and psychological resilience levels should be evaluated at regular intervals and that in-service trainings on coping with stress and stress management should be organized. Taking the necessary precautions and improving working conditions will have positive effects on both the health of nurses and patient care.

Holding Period of the Energy Sector: Market Value Factor, Bid-Ask Spreads, and Variance Return

The level of investor confidence in a company going public is by holding the company's shares for a long time, which improves the holding period of a share. Especially during a pandemic, it is a significant record for companies going public to maintain a reputation for their performance towards investors. During the pandemic, the energy sector became the target of investors because consumer levels increased sharply during the pandemic. This phenomenon makes the holding period in the energy sector worthy of research. Thus this study aims to analyze the effect of market value on the energy sector holding period, bid-ask spreads on the energy sector holding period, and variance return on the energy sector holding period. The data used in this study is secondary data in the form of data on the number of outstanding shares, daily data on the volume of stock trading transactions, the bid price and ask price of shares, and the average stock return of energy sector companies during 2021 with cross-sectional data types. The population and sample in this study are all go-public companies that belong to the energy sector on the Indonesian stock exchange, namely 76 companies on all accelerator boards with a period of 2021. The data analysis tool used is a multiple linear regression model to influence market value, bid-ask spreads, and variance returns in the energy sector holding period. The results of this study show that the market value variable has a positive effect on the holding period, and for the results of the bid-ask spreads variable, the variance return does not affect the holding period.

Non-Linear Instability of Pin-Ended Functionally Graded Material Arches Under Locally Distributed Radial Loads

The arch is a common structural form in bridge engineering; its collapse is often caused by instability. In this article, in-plane nonlinear instability of pin-ended functionally graded material (FGM) arches with two cross-sectional types under local radial loads is studied. New analytical solutions to nonlinear equilibrium paths, limit point instability, bifurcation instability, and multiple limit point instability of pin-ended FGM arches under local radial load are obtained. Modified slenderness corresponding to different instability patterns of FGM arches is also derived. Comparison with the numerical results of ANSYS demonstrates that the analytical solution is accurate. The results show that cross-sectional types of FGM arches have a great influence on limit-point instability and bifurcation instability. Localized parameters increase lead-to-limit point instability load and bifurcation instability load increases, while increasing the modified slenderness ratio results in decreased limit point instability load and bifurcation instability load. In addition, a material proportion coefficient and power law index increase can also lead to limit point instability load and bifurcation instability load decrease.

Pengolahan Limbah Cair Rumah Sakit dengan Metode Lahan Basah Buatan (Constructed Wetland) dan Tanaman Air Typha latifolia

&lt;p&gt;Utilization of the aquatic plant Typha latifolia, in the treatment of hospital wastewater with the method of an artificial wetland system (constructed wetland), is expected to be able to treat the liquid waste of health care facilities. This study aims to determine the ability of the aquatic plant Typha latifolia in degrading the parameters contained in the wastewater of health facilities using the Artificial Wetland Method. Quasi-experimental research design. The measurement of liquid waste parameters (BOD, COD, TSS, Fatty Oil, and Ammonia) is carried out by taking samples at the inlet and outlet of each pot, then analyzed in the laboratory. The study reported an average influent BOD level of 66.2mg/L, an average effluent in a circular cross-sectional pot increased by 99.6mg/L, an influent COD level of 190.8mg/L, an effluent in a rectangular pot four decreased by an average of 31.6mg/L, the influent TSS parameter was 106mg/L, the average effluent in a circular cross-sectional pot was 283.6mg/L, the influent Oil &amp;amp; Fat parameter averaged 1.2mg/L, average effluent 1.2mg/L, ammonia influent parameter 12mg/L, effluent 2.62mg/L. The rectangular cross-section has a good ability compared to other cross-sections in reducing hospital waste, namely; BOD=64%, COD=40%, TSS=48%, Ammonia=67%, Oil and Fat parameters did not decrease because the influent parameter levels were already below the Liquid Waste quality standard. The researcher concluded that the rectangular cross-sectional pot planted with Typha latifolia could reduce the wastewater parameters better than other cross-sectional types. &lt;/p&gt;

A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on the Association between Inflammatory Bowel Disease Family History and Colorectal Cancer.

Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are closely interrelated. However, the effect of having a family history of one disease on the risk of another remains undetermined. Aim The purpose of this meta-analysis was to estimate the prevalence of a family history of CRC among patients with IBD, as well as the prevalence of a family history of IBD among patients with CRC. Methods PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched to identify studies reporting the prevalence of family history of IBD among patients with CRC, in addition to the prevalence of family history of CRC among IBD patients. Criteria for study inclusion consisted of the following: (1) studies that evaluated either IBD or CRC and dysplasia, (2) included all age groups, and (3) evaluated the family history effects for IBD or CRC. The total number of IBD patients and IBD patients with a family history of CRC and the total number of CRC patients and CRC patients with a family history of IBD were reviewed. The pooled prevalence of diseases was also estimated according to degree of relatives and geographical area. Random-effects models were used for estimating pooled prevalence. Results A total of 27 studies were included with 26,576 IBD and 9,181 CRC or dysplasia patients. Eligible studies included 13 case-control, 10 cohort, and 4 cross-sectional types. The pooled prevalence of a family history of CRC among patients with IBD was 6% (95% CI: 4-9%). The pooled prevalence for first- and second-degree relatives (11%, 95% CI: 0-37%) was more than that for the other relative subgroups of relatedness degree. The prevalence in the American regions (8% (95% CI: 5-13%)) was higher than that in the others. The pooled prevalence for a family history of IBD among CRC or dysplasia patients was 11% (95% CI: 6-16%). The pooled prevalence for first-degree relatives (13% (95% CI: 3-28%) was higher than that for the other relative subgroups of relatedness degree; it was also greater in American countries (15%, 95% CI: 8-23%). Conclusion This study emphasizes the relationship between a family history of IBD and CRC development. Additionally, there was notable prevalence for a family history of CRC among IBD patients. American countries and first-degree relatives were identified to have a higher prevalence for both disease processes.

The effect of perceived stress on anxiety and sleep quality among healthcare professionals in intensive care units during the coronavirus pandemic

ABSTRACT The study aimed to explore the effect of perceived stress of healthcare workers on anxiety and sleep level in intensive care units during corona virus pandemic. The research was conducted in descriptive and cross-sectional types. The study was conducted between April 2020 and July 2020 at Atatürk University Research Hospital and Erzurum Regional Training and Research Hospital. In the research, it was aimed to reach all the healthcare professionals (260) working in intensive care units without selecting a sample. The data was collected by using the personal information form prepared by the researchers in line with the literature, Perceived Stress Scale, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and Vısual Analog Sleep Scale. Of the 210 participants, 75.4% were female, and 88.1% were nurses. The mean age of the participants was 27.04 ± 5.71 years, and 51.9% of the participants were 20–25 years old. The mean perceived stress, state anxiety, trait anxiety, and visual analog sleep scores were moderate and found as 29.9 ± 6.83, 43.09 ± 5.55, 46.15 ± 5.3, and 503.79 ± 134.24, respectively. In conclusion, a general picture of the psychological state of healthcare professionals in Turkey during the COVID-19 pandemic has been presented.