Cross-sectional Study Of Adult Population Research Articles

Association Between Heart Rate Variability and Executive Function Performance: A Cross-Sectional Study in Adult Population

Association Between Heart Rate Variability and Executive Function Performance: A Cross-Sectional Study in Adult Population

Study of seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in Kazakhstan.

This study aimed to analyse the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in Kazakhstan. This is a cross-sectional study of adult population in Kazakhstan for the period from October 2021 to May 2022. For the study, 6 720 people aged 18 to 69 were recruited (from 17 regions). The demographic data were collected and analysed. Gender was evenly distributed (males 49.9%, females 50.1%). Women exhibited a higher seroprevalence than men (IgM 20.7% vs 17.9% and IgG 46.1% vs 41.5%). The highest prevalence of IgM was found in the age group of 30-39. However, the highest prevalence of IgG was detected in the age group of 60-69. The seroprevalence of IgG increased across all groups (from 39.7% in 18-29 age groups to 53.1% in 60-69 age groups). The odds for a positive test were significantly increased in older age groups 50-59 (p<0.0001) and 60-69 (p<0.0001). The odds of a positive test were 1.12 times higher in females compared to males (p=0.0294). The odds for a positive test were significantly higher in eight regions (Astana, Akmola, Atyrau, Western Kazakhstan region, Kostanai, Turkestan, Eastern Kazakhstan region, and Shymkent) compared to Almaty city. The odds of a positive test were three times higher in Astana and the Western Kazakhstan region than in Almaty city. In urban areas, the odds of a positive test were 0.75 times lower than in rural areas (p<0.0001). The study's results showed an adequate level of seroprevalence (63%) that exceeds the essential minimum of herd immunity indicators in the country. There was significant geographic variability with a higher prevalence of IgG/IgM antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in rural areas.

Knowledge, attitude, and practice of neonatal jaundice: a cross-sectional study in adult population in Saudi Arabia

Background: Neonatal jaundice (NNJ) is a prevalent and preventable condition in newborns and is significantly associated with developing countries&amp;apos; morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to measure the awareness of adults in Saudi Arabia of their knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding NNJ. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted to measure the awareness of NNJ problems in Saudi Arabia during June 1-30, 2021. A self-administered questionnaire evaluating the knowledge, attitude, and behaviors of a sample of adult populations concerning this problem was employed for the study. Data were analyzed with Statistical Package for Social Science software. Results: The study was conducted among 336 adults, including both genders. Among them, 71.6% of participants were college students, single (69%), unemployed 79.7%, and of low-income level (57.3%). The majority of the participants did not have a history of NNJ (63.9%) and the primary source of their knowledge was friends and relatives (26.9%). The participants&amp;apos; attitude was positive toward seeking medical assistance for the problem. Further 27.3% of participants took their children to the hospital. However, we noticed a misconception about the benefits of sunlight treatment among adults as 36.7% of participants agreed with sunlight efficacy in preventing NNJ. Conclusion: This study reported a moderate knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding NNJ. For this reason, we recommended developing educational programs and campaigns to enhance the level of awareness of NNJ.

Bronchiectasis severity in adult patients with common variable immunodeficiency

Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is the most common primary symptomatic humoral immunodeficiency in adults. Antibody deficiency entails higher susceptibility to sinopulmonary infections and bronchiectasis formation, which is related to increased mortality. Scales have been established to assess the degree of severity of bronchiectasis in order to predict outcomes such as mortality, exacerbations and hospitalizations. To determine bronchiectasis severity in adult patients with common variable immunodeficiency using the Brief Symptom Inventory scale. Cross-sectional study in adult population diagnosed with common variable immunodeficiency and attended to at the Mexican Institute of Social Security National Medical Center Siglo XXI Specialty Hospital. Bronchiectasis severity according to the Brief Symptom Inventory was mild in 60% of patients and moderate in 40%. Statistically significant differences were found for body mass index, number of affected lobes and type of bronchiectasis (p < 0.001). Using bronchiectasis severity scales in patients with common variable immunodeficiency is indispensable for clinical and therapeutic decision making; however, determining the most appropriate instrument to assess bronchiectasis severity in this population is necessary.

Life-Threatening and Fatal Adverse Drug Events in a Danish University Hospital.

Detection of adverse drug events (ADEs) in Danish hospitals relies on health care professionals' incident reporting to a national database for adverse events, but the method is incomplete; thus, fatal and life-threatening ADEs may remain unrecognized.The objectives of this study were to examine the occurrence of life-threatening and fatal ADEs in population of hospitalized patients with suspected adverse outcome and to compare these findings with the actual number of reported ADEs in the study period of 3 months. Study was designed as a cross-sectional study of adult population, hospitalized for more than 24 hours, having an unplanned transfer to an intensive care unit (ICU), or having unexpected death. Medical records were retrospectively screened by the Global Trigger Tool. All positive triggers were assessed for ADEs by a clinical pharmacologist. Of the 26,176 patients admitted in the study period, 105 had an unplanned transfer to the ICU and 36 died unexpectedly. In total, 15 positive triggers were identified in 10 patients. Life-threatening ADEs accounted for 7.6% (8/105) of patients transferred to the ICU, and fatal ADEs constituted 5.5% (2/36) of the deceased patients. Life-threatening and fatal ADEs corresponded to an overall prevalence of 0.04% (10/26,176). Most ADEs were related to hemorrhages and respiratory problems. No serious or fatal ADEs were reported in the incident reporting system in the study period. Ten life-threatening and fatal ADEs were uncovered as not reported in the incident reporting system. Further steps are needed for recognition and prevention of this patient safety challenge.

Association between Indoor Fine Particulate Matter and Plasma Lipid Fractions in Adult Urban Population in Bucaramanga Colombia: Preliminary Results

Introduction Exposure to fine particulate matter (≤ 2.5 micrometres; PM2.5) had been associatted to subclinic atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the effect of PM2.5 on the plasma lipid fractions, which might be mediating its associations with CVD, is unknown. Methods Cross-sectional study in adult population (older than 40 years, non-smokers, with no previous CVD) living in two urban areas of Bucaramanga, Colombia. We estimated the houses indoor PM2.5 concentration by using gravimetric sampling pumps (Casella Cel – TUFF) and recorded the average measurements during two consecutive days. We obtained from participants sociodemographic information, waist perimeter and fasting lipid profile. We used a multiple regression to determine the association between PM2.5 and each lipid profile component while adjusting for covariables. Results We have enrolled 270 participants (mean age: 57.4 years; 21% men; 80% 18h living indoors). The mean indoor PM2.5 concnetration was 25.3 µg/m3 (range: 2....

Urban residential road traffic noise and hypertension: a cross-sectional study of adult population.

Results from studies involving exposure to road traffic noise and risk of hypertension are diverse and have seldom reached statistical significance. This study was designed with the aim of investigating whether there is any association between road traffic noise and prevalence of hypertension in an urban adult population. Similar studies have never been reported from India. A cross-sectional study was performed on 909 adults (533 female and 376 male) aged 18-80 years residing in close proximity to roadways in Asansol City. Time-weighted equivalent noise level (L den) was estimated using a standard modeling platform. Odds for hypertension in relation to traffic noise exposure were estimated by univariate and multifactorial logistic regression. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) for self-reported hypertension was 1.99 (95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.66-2.39) per 5 dB(A) increase of L den (range 55.1-77.9). A gender-related risk difference was observed among the male (OR 1.81 (1.42-2.31)) and female (OR 2.18 (1.66-2.88)) respondents. For increase in 9 years of age, the odds of hypertension risk increased by 60 % (OR 1.66 (1.43-1.91) among those exposed above L den 60 dB(A). Vulnerable subgroups were female aged 35-54 years and male aged 45-54 years. The study suggests that a threshold exposure to road traffic noise at L den > 65 dB(A) for men and L den > 60 dB(A) in women may be associated with the occurrence of hypertension.

Síndrome metabólica e baixa estatura em adultos da região metropolitana de São Paulo (SP, Brasil)

The undernutrition has been appointed as a risk factor to cause chronic diseases in later life. The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its relationship to short stature, as evidence of stunting in early life in adults. It is a cross-sectional study of adult population (age 20 to 64 years old) living in the metropolitan area of São Paulo city (SP, Brazil). The sample comprehended a total of 287 individuals, 214 (74.6%) were women and 73 (25.4%) were men. The anthropometric, clinical and biochemical data were collected through the physical exam and the fast blood after 8 hours. The standard prevalence for sex and age to metabolic syndrome was 34.0% and the short stature was 29.0%. In multiple logistic regression analyses the metabolic syndrome showed to be associated to short stature adjusted by sex, age, education, income, smoking, alcohol consumption, family history of coronary disease, hypertension, diabetes and body mass index. In this study was demonstrated association between metabolic syndrome and short stature in adults.