Cross-sectional Study In Taiwan Research Articles

Chronic exposure to ambient air pollution and the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A cross-sectional study in Taiwan and Hong Kong

BackgroundInformation on the relation of air pollution with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is scarce. We thus conducted a large cross-sectional study in Asia to investigate the role of air pollution in NAFLD. MethodsWe recruited 329,048 adults (mean age: 41.0 years) without other liver disease (hepatitis and cirrhosis) or excessive alcohol consumption in Taiwan and Hong Kong from 2001 to 2018. The concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and ozone (O3) were estimated using a space–time regression model, and the concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) was evaluated using a satellite-based spatio-temporal model. NAFLD was determined using either the fatty liver index (FLI) or the hepatic steatosis index (HSI). The NAFLD-related advanced fibrosis was defined according to BARD score or the fibrosis-4 (FIB-4). A logistic regression model was adopted to explore the relationships of ambient air pollution with the odds of NAFLD and NAFLD-related advanced fibrosis. ResultsWe found positive relationships between PM2.5 and the odds of NAFLD and advanced fibrosis, with every standard deviation (SD, 7.5 µg/m3) increases in PM2.5 exposure being associated with a 10% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 9%–11%) increment in the prevalence of NAFLD and an 8% (95% CI: 7%–9%) increment in the prevalence of advanced fibrosis. Similarly, the prevalence of NAFLD and advanced fibrosis increased by 8% (95% CI: 7%–9%) and 7% (95% CI: 6%–8%) with per SD (18.9 µg/m3) increasement in NO2 concentration, respectively. Additionally, for every SD (9.9 µg/m3) increasement in O3 concentration, the prevalence of NAFLD and advanced fibrosis decreased by 12% (95% CI: 11%–13%) and 11% (95% CI: 9%–12%), respectively. ConclusionHigher ambient PM2.5 and NO2 are linked with higher odds of NAFLD and advanced fibrosis. Our findings indicate that reducing PM2.5 and NO2 concentrations may be an effective way for preventing NAFLD. Further studies on O3 are warranted.

Exploring the Relationship Between Principal Positive Instructional Supervision and Teacher Teaching Effectiveness: A Cross-Sectional Study in Taiwan

ABSTRACT Research shows that positive instructional supervision by principals cultivates a conducive teaching environment, promoting student success. This study, set in Taiwan, examined the relationship between principals’ positive instructional supervision and teachers’ teaching effectiveness. As a cross-sectional study, it utilized a stratified sampling method, collecting 900 valid survey scales from elementary school teachers in Taipei City. Employing a structural equation model, the study identified principals’ positive instructional supervision had a positive effect on teachers’ teaching effectiveness. Implications emphasize the potential enhancement of teacher effectiveness through positive supervision and clear goal-setting. Long-term positive relationships between principals and teachers enrich positive supervision partnerships.

The Impact of Psychological Burdens and Vaccine Worries on Confidence and Adherence to Governmental Policies Against COVID-19 Among Patients with Substance Use Disorder: A Cross-Sectional Study in Taiwan.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had an impact on patients with substance use disorder (SUD). We aimed to investigate factors associated with confidence and adherence to governmental policies against COVID-19 (social desirability) among patients with SUD. This cross-sectional study was conducted during 2020 to 2021. Patients with SUD and healthy controls were recruited. The severity of sleep disturbance, social desirability, drug dependence, vaccine worries, other psychological burdens and demographic variables were collected through self-administrated questionnaires. Differences between the SUD and control groups were estimated. Hierarchical regression analysis was used to identify significant relationships between social desirability and other factors. In total, 58 of patients with SUD and 47 healthy controls were recruited. The patients with SUD had a lower level of social desirability and more severe sleep disturbance than the control group. Older age, more severe sleep disturbance, lower level of drug dependence, and lower level of vaccine worries were significantly associated with a higher level of social desirability among the patients with SUD. Our results show the importance of timely interventions for drug dependence and to address vaccine worries in patients with SUD.

The Associations Between Abdominal Obesity and Coronary Artery Calcification in Chronic Kidney Disease Population.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the primary cause of mortality in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, with metabolic disorders exacerbating this risk. Compared with body mass index, waist circumference (WC) has been proposed as a more effective indicator of abnormal visceral fat. However, the associations among CKD, abnormal WC, and CVD remain understudied. A cross-sectional study in Taiwan (July 2006 to May 2016) involved 10,342 participants undergoing self-paid health checkups at a single medical center. Physical examinations and blood samples were taken to assess metabolic parameters, and renal function was evaluated using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration formula. Coronary artery calcification (CAC) scores were determined through coronary 256-slice multidetector computed tomography angiography, with a CAC score of >0 Agatston unit (AU) and ≥ 400 AU denoting positive CAC and severe CAC, respectively. Sex-based comparisons were conducted between individuals with CKD and those without CKD. In the CKD group, both sexes exhibited significantly elevated levels for systolic blood pressure, serum fasting blood glucose (FBG), and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) as well as reduced serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Examination of the associations of abnormal WC revealed that for both sexes, individuals with abdominal obesity (AO) were significantly older and had higher systolic/diastolic blood pressure, serum FBG, HbA1c, and lipid profiles compared with those without AO. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that CKD patients exhibited a more pronounced association with severe CAC scores compared with AO patients (odds ratios [ORs]: 2.7 and 1.4, respectively). Furthermore, the combined effects of AO and CKD (AO[+]/CKD[+]) resulted in increased risks of positive CAC (OR: 2.4, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.6-3.5) and severe CAC (OR: 4.4, 95% CI: 1.4-14.2). Abdominal obesity significantly raised the odds of CAC and was associated to a 4.4-fold increased risk of severe CAC in CKD patients.

Correlation Among Workplace Burnout, Resilience, and Well-Being in Nursing Staff: A Cross-Sectional Study in Taiwan.

Because nurses often work in medical environments characterized by high workloads and high levels of stress and pressure, they are particularly vulnerable to workplace burnout and their well-being may suffer. Related studies on burnout, resilience, and well-being have focused primarily on teachers, social workers, and students, with few studies addressing the situation faced by nursing staff. It is important to understand the factors affecting the well-being of nursing staff. This study explores the status quo and correlations among nursing-staff demographic characteristics, workplace burnout, well-being-related resilience, and the predictive factors of well-being in nurses. A cross-sectional, descriptive, correlational research design and purposive sampling were used in this study. Nursing staff who had worked for more than 6 months at a medical center in central Taiwan were recruited as participants, with data from 289 participants collected. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on demographic characteristics, workplace burnout, resilience, and well-being. The average scores for workplace burnout, resilience, and well-being were 40.40/(0- to 100-point scale), 26.79/(10- to 50-point scale), and 43.25/(24- to 96-point scale), respectively. The result of the regression analysis explained about 51.6% of the variance in well-being. Furthermore, resilience (28.4%), self-perceived health (14.3%), workplace burnout (4.5%), exercise frequency (1.8%), job title (1.2%), interpersonal pressure relief resilience (0.9%), and marital status (0.5%) were other important predictive factors of well-being in the participants. Medical institutions should provide appropriate resilience-enhancing countermeasures to reduce workplace burnout as well as pay greater attention to the exercise frequency, self-perceived health, job title, and marital status of their nurses to help them achieve physical, mental, and overall well-being.

Influence of gender and age on overwork-related adverse effects among employees: a cross-sectional study in Taiwan

Influence of gender and age on overwork-related adverse effects among employees: a cross-sectional study in Taiwan

The Associations of Body Mass Index, Body Image, Perceived Stress, and Mental Health among Female Nursing Students: A Cross-Sectional Study in Taiwan.

Maintaining a healthy caloric intake and expenditure balance is challenging. The preliminary study examined (a) the associations of Body Mass Index (BMI), body image, perceived stress, mental health, dietary habits, and exercise participation among 310 female college nursing students and (b) the differences in these factors among BMI subgroups. The cutoffs for underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obesity were <18.5 kg/m2, ≥18.5 but <23 kg/m2, ≥23 but <25 kg/m2, and ≥25 kg/m2, respectively. The survey used Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire-Appearance Scale, Perceived Stress Scale, and Chinese Health Questionnaire (CHQ). Because of a non-normal distribution, non-parametric statistics were used. The study found that BMI correlated with body image. The lower the BMI, the higher the satisfactory score the participants rated. BMI was irrelated to diet, exercise, stress, and mental health. The participants were unlikely to eat under stress and negative moods. The underweight group (17.1%) had the highest satisfactory score on their appearance evaluation. There was no difference between the overweight (14.2%) and obese (11.0%) groups. Meanwhile, the median of perceived stress was 18 and the prevalence of mental disturbance was 45.2% based on the CHQ. Underweight, overweight, obesity, high perceived stress, and poor mental health among nursing students warrant attention. Nurse educators should strengthen their coping strategies and provide support. A longitudinal study may consider incorporating coping strategies into the study design.

A comparative study on patient safety culture among high-risk hospital staff in the context of the COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study in Taiwan.

The study aimed to compare the evolution of patient safety culture perceived by high-risk hospital staff in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and non-COVID-19 pandemic and to examine the variations in patient safety culture across demographic variables. The study found that the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted patient safety culture in healthcare settings, with an increased focus on safety climate, job satisfaction, teamwork climate, stress recognition, and emotional exhaustion. Safety culture and work stress vary among medical professionals of different age groups. To reduce stress, workload should be minimized, work efficiency improved, and physical and mental health promoted. Strengthening safety culture can reduce work-related stress, improve job satisfaction, and increase dedication towards work. The study recommends interventions such as psychological and social support, along with emotional management training, to reduce emotional exhaustion. Healthcare institutions can set up psychological counseling hotlines or support groups to help medical professionals reduce stress and emotional burden.

Examining the Role of Resilience, Posttraumatic Growth, and Quality of Life in Women with Breast Cancer: A Serial Multiple Mediator Model Approach

It is unclear how resilience and posttraumatic growth help women with breast cancer face cancer-related symptom distress. This study included both resilience and posttraumatic growth as mediators in a serial multiple mediator model to examine changes in the relationship between symptom distress and quality of life among women with breast cancer. We conducted the descriptive, cross-sectional study in Taiwan. Data were collected using a survey that assessed symptom distress, resilience, posttraumatic growth, and quality of life. A serial multiple mediator model examined one direct and three specific indirect effects of symptom distress on quality of life through resilience and posttraumatic growth. All 91 participants reported the presence of symptom distress and moderate levels of resilience. Quality of life was significantly associated with symptom distress (b = -1.04), resilience (b = 0.18), and posttraumatic growth (b = 0.09). The indirect effect of symptom distress on quality of life through resilience alone was statistically significant (b = -0.23, 95% CI -0.44 to -0.07) and statistically greater than the specific indirect effect through resilience and posttraumatic growth combined (b = -0.21, 95% CI -0.40 to -0.05). Resilience plays a unique role in reducing the impact of symptom distress on the quality of life among women with breast cancer. Given the importance of resilience to quality of life, oncology nurses can assess the resilience of women with breast cancer and help identify available internal, external, and existential resources to strengthen their resilience.

Factors associated with health-related quality of life in gynaecologic cancer survivors with lower limb lymphedema: a cross-sectional study in Taiwan

BackgroundsGynaecological cancer survivors may develop lower limb lymphoedema after surgery, which negatively impacts quality of life. The purposes of this study were (1) to assess the levels of symptom distress, depression, body image, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL); (2) to recognize factors associated with HRQoL related in gynaecologic cancer survivors with lower limb lymphoedema.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted with convenience sampling of gynaecologic cancer survivors with lower limb lymphoedema. Gynaecologic cancer survivors were assessed for symptom distress, depression, body image, and HRQoL. Multiple regression analysis was conducted to recognize the factors associated with HRQoL. Independent-samples t-test was used to compare symptom distress, depression, body image, and HRQoL by grade of lymphoedema.ResultsThe most common distressing symptoms of lower limb lymphoedema were lower extremity oedema, lower extremity tightness, and lower extremity stiffness. Worse HRQoL was associated with more symptom distress, less satisfaction with body image, a high grade of lymphoedema, and a longer duration of lower limb lymphoedema. These factors explained 76.5% of the variance in HRQoL. Gynaecologic cancer survivors with late grade lymphoedema experienced lower HRQoL and higher levels of symptom distress, depression, and greater dissatisfaction with body image than those who had early grade lymphoedema.ConclusionsSymptom distress had the strongest association with overall HRQoL and with all individual domains of HRQoL, except mental function. These results suggest that educating gynaecologic cancer survivors to assess lower limb lymphoedema-related problems, providing symptom management, and guiding survivors in physical activity to relieve lower extremity discomfort can improve HRQoL.

Associations of Dietary Patterns and Vitamin D Levels with Iron Status in Pregnant Women: A Cross-Sectional Study in Taiwan.

Vitamin D is involved in the pathophysiology of anemia. This cross-sectional study was conducted using the Nationwide Nutrition and Health Survey in Pregnant Women in Taiwan database. We investigated associations among dietary patterns (DPs), vitamin D, and iron-related biomarkers in pregnant women. The principal component analysis revealed four DPs. Linear and logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate the association of DPs with anemia-related biomarkers. Plant-based, carnivore, and dairy and nondairy alternatives DPs were positively associated with serum vitamin D levels. After adjusting covariates, the pregnant women consuming plant-based DPs at the mid-tertile (T2) were associated with reduced risks of low serum folate and vitamin D levels, and those consuming carnivore DPs at higher tertiles (T2 and/or T3) were correlated with an increased risk of low serum iron levels but decreased risks of low serum transferrin saturation, vitamin B12, and vitamin D levels. The pregnant women consuming dairy and nondairy alternatives DPs at the highest tertile (T3) were associated with reduced risks of low serum folate and vitamin B12 levels. However, the processed food DP was not correlated with anemia-related biomarkers. Thus, plant-based, carnivore, and dairy and nondairy alternatives DPs were associated with the risk of low-serum-anemia-related variables.

Life Satisfaction and Self-Esteem in Older Adults Engaging in Formal Volunteering: A Cross-Sectional Study in Taiwan.

Previous research has reported an association between life satisfaction, self-esteem, and volunteering. However, it is unclear whether self-esteem is associated with life satisfaction in older adults who are already engaged in volunteering. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the association between life satisfaction and self-esteem in older adults who were formally volunteering at a non-governmental organization in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 186 formal volunteers aged ≥ 65 years who were recruited from the Keelung chapter of the Buddhist Compassion Relief Tzu Chi Foundation in Taiwan. A hierarchical stepwise linear regression was used to examine the association between scores on the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) with the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) and the Hedonic and Eudaimonic Motives for Activities-Revised (HEMA-R) scale. The results showed that SWLS was significantly associated with RSES score (standardized beta (std. β) = 0.199, p = 0.003), the eudaimonic subscale score of the HEMA-R (std. β = 0.353, p < 0.001), a vegetarian diet (std. β = 0.143, p = 0.027), and volunteering for five days or more a week (std. β = 0.161, p = 0.011). In conclusion, improving self-esteem and promoting eudaimonic motives in older adults who are formally volunteering could be effective strategies for enhancing their levels of life satisfaction.

Prevalence and risk factors for female and male adolescents involved in pregnancy and abortion: a population-based cross-sectional study in Taiwan, 2006–2016

Prevalence and risk factors for female and male adolescents involved in pregnancy and abortion: a population-based cross-sectional study in Taiwan, 2006–2016

Factors Related to the Continuity of Care and Self-Management of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Study in Taiwan.

Background: Most diabetic patients suffer from chronic diseases affecting their self-management status. This study aims to explore the relationship between the CoC and the self-management of patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and analyze the predictive factors affecting their self-management. Methods: Structured questionnaires were used for data collection. Convenient sampling was adopted to recruit inpatients diagnosed with T2DM in the endocrine ward of a medical hospital in central Taiwan. Results: A total of 160 patients were recruited. The average age of the patients is 66.60 ± 14.57 years old. Among the four dimensions of the self-management scale, the average score of the problem-solving dimension was the highest, and that of the self-monitoring of blood glucose was the lowest. The analysis results showed that the overall regression model could explain 20.7% of the total variance in self-management. Conclusions: Healthcare providers should attach importance to the CoC of T2DM patients and encourage patients to maintain good interaction with healthcare providers during their hospitalization. It is recommended to strengthen CoC for patients with diabetes who are single or with low educational levels in clinical practice to enhance their blood glucose control and improve diabetes self-management.

Metabolic Syndrome Prevalence among High School First-Year Students: A Cross-Sectional Study in Taiwan.

Different types of high schools in Taiwan have the same physical education curriculum. In this cross-sectional study, we investigated the difference in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome between senior and vocational high school students. We retrospectively collected health check-up data from 81,076 first-year senior and 68,863 vocational high school students in Taipei City from 2011 to 2014, including their blood pressure, height, weight, waist circumference, fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and HDL-c levels. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was determined using definitions from the Taiwan Pediatric Association (TPA), International Diabetes Federation (IDF), and de Ferranti et al. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 1.73% (senior and vocational high school students: 1.22% and 2.33%, respectively) using TPA criteria, 1.02% (0.69% and 1.40%, respectively) using IDF criteria, and 5.11% (3.92% and 6.51%, respectively) using de Ferranti et al. criteria. The most prevalent risk factors overall were increased blood pressure and central obesity. Given the significantly higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome in vocational school students regardless of the criteria, and that metabolic syndrome causes future adult health risks, the physical education curriculum and health education program in vocational schools should be strengthened to decrease the risk and prevalence of metabolic syndrome.

Clinical significance of hepatic function in Graves disease with type 2 diabetic mellitus: A single-center retrospective cross-sectional study in Taiwan.

Graves disease (GD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) both impair liver function; we therefore explored the possibility of a relationship among diabetic control, thyroid function, and liver function.This retrospective, cross-sectional study compared serum liver function biomarkers of primary GD patients in a single center between 2016 and 2020, derived from clinical databases, and clarified the correlation of liver function in GD patients with or without T2DM. Furthermore, the diabetes mellitus group was divided into glycated hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) <6.5% group and ≥6.5% group to further analyze the effect by disease control in patients. Statistical differences between groups were assessed using independent t tests to clarify the association of serum biomarkers between GD with T2DM. Pearson test was applied to assess within-group statistical correlation of serum biomarkers. The correlation of factors in each group was demonstrated by using the Kendall tau-b method and stepwise regression analysis.A total of 77 patients were included in the study. In the study population, glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) was significantly correlated with thyroid-stimulating hormone, and HbA1C was significantly correlated with alkaline phosphatase (ALK-P), glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), and GPT. An examination of GOT, GPT, free thyroxine (FT4), and HbA1C levels revealed a significant difference between the non-T2DM and T2DM groups. GPT also exhibited a significant correlation with triiodothyronine in the T2DM group. The T2DM group was further divided into groups: HbA1C <6.5% and ≥6.5%. The results demonstrated that ALK-P, GOT, GPT, and FT4 levels were significantly different between the groups. A significant correlation between ALK-P and thyroid-stimulating hormone and between GOT and FT4 was also identified in the HbA1C <6.5% group.Our single-center study revealed that diabetes affects liver function in patients with GD. For patients with T2DM, when liver function becomes impaired, thyroid function control deteriorates. GPT was correlated with triiodothyronine but not with FT4, which indicated the impairment of deiodination in the liver. This phenomenon was not observed in the non-T2DM population. The early detection of abnormal liver function in patients with GD and T2DM may help limit the development of comorbidities and improve disease management.

Exploring Perceived Stress in Mothers with Singleton and Multiple Preterm Infants: A Cross-Sectional Study in Taiwan

Objective: The aim of this study was to explore mothers’ perceived level of stress one month after hospital discharge following the birth of singleton and multiple preterm infants. Design: A cross-sectional design was used to compare mother’s perceived stress in two groups of postpartum mothers and the relationship of the theoretical antecedents and these variables. Setting: A neonatal intensive care unit in a medical center in Taiwan. Participants: Mothers of 52 singletons and 38 multiple premature infants were recruited. One month after the infant was discharged, the participants completed a self-reported questionnaire that included demographic data about the mother and infant, the 21-item Social Support Scale, and the 15-item Perceived Stress Scale. This was returned by email or completed at the outpatient unit. Analysis: Descriptive and inferential analysis. Results: The mean social support scores were 76.6 and 76.5 (out of 105) for mothers with singleton and multiple birth infants, respectively. The most important supporter was the husband. The mean perceived stress scores of 25.8 and 31.0 for mothers with singleton and multiple birth infants, respectively, were significantly different (p = 0.02). Sleep deprivation and social support were predictive indicators of perceived stress in mothers with preterm infants. Conclusions: We suggest that the differences in stress and needs of mothers with singleton and multiple births should be recognized and addressed in clinics. The findings of this study serve as a reference for promoting better preterm infant care.

Effects of sleep quality on the association between problematic internet use and quality of life in people with substance use disorder.

Problematic internet use, especially in people with substance use disorder, may negatively affect their quality of life (QoL). However, it is unclear whether sleep quality is a key mediator in the association between problematic internet use and QoL among people with substance use disorder. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between problematic internet use and QoL and how sleep quality may mediate the association between these two variables. Overall, 319 people (85% male) with substance use disorder (mean age 42.2 years, s.d. 8.9) participated in a cross-sectional study in Taiwan. The Smartphone Application-Based Addiction Scale, Bergan Social Media Addiction Scale, Internet Gaming Disorder-Short Form, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire Brief Version were used. The prevalence of sleep problems was 56%. There were significant and direct associations between sleep quality and two types of problematic internet use, and between sleep quality and different dimensions of QoL. All types of problematic internet use were significantly and negatively correlated with QoL. Mediated effects of sleep quality in relationships between the different types of problematic internet use and all dimensions of QoL were significant, except for problematic use of social media. Different types of problematic internet use in people with substance use disorder may be directly associated with reduced QoL. Sleep quality as a significant mediator in this association may be an underlying mechanism to explain pathways between problematic internet use and QoL in this population.

SABA prescriptions and asthma management practices in patients treated by specialists in Taiwan: Results from the SABINA III study

Limited data exist on asthma medication patterns in Taiwan. The objectives of the SABINA III cross-sectional study in Taiwan were thus, to describe patient demographics and clinical features and estimate short-acting β2-agonist (SABA) and inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) prescriptions per patient. Patients (≥18 years) with asthma were classified by investigator-defined asthma severity per the 2017 Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) recommendations. Data on asthma symptom control (per GINA 2017 recommendations), severe exacerbation history, and prescribed treatments in the 12 months before study visit were collected using electronic case-report forms. Analyses were descriptive. Overall, all 294 analyzed patients (mean [SD] age, 57.9 [15.6] years; female, 69%) were enrolled by specialists and had fully reimbursed healthcare. Most patients were classified with moderate-to-severe asthma (93.2%; GINA steps 3-5), were obese (53.4%) and nonsmokers (79.6%), reported high school or university and/or postgraduate education (61.9%), and had ≤2 comorbidities (89.1%). Mean (SD) asthma duration was 8.3 (10.0) years, with 37.8% of patients experiencing ≥1 severe exacerbation 12 months before the study visit. Overall, 62.2%, 26.2%, and 11.6% of patients had well-controlled, partly controlled, and uncontrolled asthma, respectively. Crucially, 19.3% of patients were prescribed ≥3 SABA canisters in the preceding 12 months (overprescription). ICS, ICS+long-acting β2-agonist fixed-dose combination, and oral corticosteroid bursts were prescribed to 6.5%, 97.3%, and 31.6% of patients, respectively. Despite treatment by specialists and fully reimbursed healthcare, findings indicate room for improvement in asthma control and SABA prescription practices in Taiwan, emphasizing the need to adhere to latest evidence-based guidelines.

Protective Behaviors for COVID-19 Were Associated With Fewer Psychological Impacts on Nurses: A Cross-Sectional Study in Taiwan.

Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic has increased psychological distress among common people and has caused health care providers, such as nurses, to experience tremendous stress. Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study assessed the psychological impacts on nurses in a community hospital in Taiwan, including major depressive disorder (MDD), posttraumatic stress (PTS), and pessimism. According to transactional theory, coping strategies and personal factors have psychological impacts. We hypothesized that behavioral responses to COVID-19 (problem-focused coping) are more effective in reducing psychological impacts than emotional responses to COVID-19 (emotion-focused coping). Independent variables were the use of behavioral and emotional coping strategies for COVID-19 and 3 personal factors, namely sleep disturbance, physical component summary (PCS-12), and mental component summary (MCS-12) of the 12-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12) obtained from the Medical Outcomes Study. Dependent variables comprised 3 psychological impacts, namely MDD, PTS, and pessimism. Results: We determined that behavioral coping strategies had significant negative effects on PTS and pessimism; however, emotional coping strategies had significantly positive effects on PTS and pessimism. Sleep disturbance was significantly associated with increased MDD and pessimism. PCS-12 had a significant negative effect on PTS, whereas MCS-12 was not significantly associated with any of the 3 psychological impacts. Conclusions: Nurses who adopted protective behavior against COVID-19, such as washing hands, wearing masks, avoiding touching eyes, and mouth, and avoiding personal contact, were associated with less posttraumatic stress and pessimism. Healthcare providers should consider strategies for improving preventive behaviors to help ease their worries and fears concerning COVID-19.