Cross Cows Research Articles

Comparative study of first lactation performance of Norwegian Red crossbred cows with traditional breeds in New Zealand dairy systems

ABSTRACT Some New Zealand dairy farmers are using semen from Norwegian Red (NR) bulls to explore the performance of this breed under local grazing conditions. The objective of this study was to compare the first lactation performance of first cross NR cattle with traditional New Zealand breeds. Data were collected from six dairy farms in Southland, New Zealand, during 2022–2023 milk production seasons. Data were collected from 1178 first lactation cows including herd test of daily yields of milk, fat and protein and somatic cell counts, and persistency. Breeds included 386 NR cross (NRX), 231 Holstein Friesian (F), 84 Holstein Friesian cross (FX), 134 Holstein Friesian x Jersey (FJ) and 58 Jersey cross (JX) cows. Findings indicate F cows produced the greatest cumulative milk yield (3,744 kg), 138.6 kg more than NRX cows. There were no significant differences among the breed groups for milk yield and milk solids yield persistency and SCS (SCS = Log2 SCC). The total lactation milk yield of NRX cows was lower than that of the other breeds, excluding JX. These results pertain specifically to first lactation cows; therefore, it is necessary to undertake further analysis to evaluate the long-term productivity and longevity of NR breeds under New Zealand conditions.

Reproductive performance of Belgian Blue and Wagyu cross cows

Abstract. Tampubolon YK, Agus A, Hartatik T, Bintara S, Ismaya, Widyobroto BP, Budisatria IGS, Leroy P, Antoine-Moussiaux N, Panjono. 2023. Reproductive performance of Belgian Blue and Wagyu cross cows. Biodiversitas 24: 5352-5358. Double-Muscle (DM) cattle have been used in cattle breeding programs to increase body weight. This research aims to determine the reproductive performance of using DM cattle. Currently, cattle are produced from a cross between two breeds, namely Belgian Blue (BB) cross (50% BB, 50% BX) and Wagyu cross (50% Wagyu, 50% BX). Natural mating was carried out on nine BB cross cows mated with Wagyu cross bulls and nine Wagyu cross cows bred with BB cross cows. After calving, the cows were raised together with their calves for six months prior to weaning. The collected data were analyzed using One-Way analysis of variance. Calving Interval (CI), Cow Reproductivity Index (CRI), calf weaning weight, and Cow Productivity Index (CPI) of BB and Wagyu cross cows were 426.00±24.92 and 411.55±37.52 days, 0.86±0.05 and 0.89±0.08 head/year, 175.53±24.50 and 121.19±19.80 kg, and 148.46±24.61 and 102.41±20.84 kg/year, respectively. There was no significant difference in the CI and CRI between crosses. However, the weaning weight of BB cross calves was higher (p<0.05) than that of Wagyu cross calves, whereas the CPI of BB cross cows was higher (p<0.01) than that of Wagyu cross cows. It was concluded that the best reproductive performance was the BB cross, which had DM blood.

Ovarian response and conception rate in Boran and Boran*Holstein cows treated by Gonadotrophin-realizing hormone and ProstaglandinF2α with and without exogenous progesterone

BackgroundDifference in breed, nutrition status and climate in which animals are managed result in differences in response to reproductive hormones. Fertility rate to artificial insemination is very low in Ethiopian Boran and Boran*Holstein crosses. This partly maybe due to adopting estrus and/or ovulation synchronization developed for temperate taurine cattle. Experimental study was conducted to evaluate ovarian response to combinations of Gonadotrophin-Realizing Hormone agonist (gonadorelin) and ProstaglandinF2α (PGF2α) with or without progesterone (Controlled Internal Drug Release/CIDR), and conception rate to timed AI. Postpartum native Ethiopian Boran (n = 60) and Boran*Holstein cross (n = 66) cows were randomly assigned to four treatment groups as Ovsynch (gonadorelin on day of start, PGF2α seven days later, 2nd gonadorelin at 48 h of PGF2α and insemination at 19 h of the 2nd gonadorelin); CIDR + Ovsynch (same as Ovsynch but CIDR device was inserted into vagina for 7 days); Cosynch (same as Ovsynch but insemination was made at the 2nd gonadorelin) and CIDR + Cosynch (same as Cosynch but CIDR was inserted for 7 days).ResultThere was no difference (P > 0.05) in ovulation rate to day 9 gonadorelin (88.33% in Boran; 78.79% in Boran*Holstein) and interval from day 9 gonadorelin to ovulation (36.5 ± 1.13 h in Boran and 36.057 ± 1.11 h in Boran*Holstein). Dominant follicle immediate to ovulation (14.95 ± 0.19 mm Vs 19.12 ± 0.49 mm) and corpus luteum size (16.31 ± 0.33 mm Vs 20.28 ± 0.43 mm ) respectively were smaller (P < 0.05) in Boran than Boran*Holstein. Plasma progesterone concentration at PGF2α was higher (P < 0.05) in Boran (11.91 ± 0.74ng/mL) than Boran*Holstein (6.13 ± 0.27ng/mL) but luteolysis rate was lower (P < 0.05) in Boran (87.9%) than Boran-Holstein (96.9%). Cows with CIDR had higher conception rate than cows without CIDR (72.00% Vs 39.02% in Boran*Holstein and 74.07%, Vs 51.52% in Boran respectively). Insemination at 19 h of gonadorelin administration resulted in higher conception rate (78.6% for Boran; 71.43% for Boran*Holstein) than insemination at gonadorelin (69.29% for Boran; 66.67% for Boran*Holstein).ConclusionBoran cows have smaller preovulatory follicles, smaller corpus luteum, large amount of progesterone and lower rate of luteolysis to PGF2α compared to Boran*Holstein. The CL of Boran cattle seems les reactive to PGF2α than Boran*Holstein CL. CIDR significantly improved conception rate in Boran and Boran*Holstein cows.

Effect of rumen protected fat (rumen bypass fat) on milk yield, composition, and organoleptic traits of Achai Jersey cross cows at livestock research and development station, Surezai, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Effect of rumen protected fat (rumen bypass fat) on milk yield, composition, and organoleptic traits of Achai Jersey cross cows at livestock research and development station, Surezai, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Profil Fisiologis Pascapemberian Katuk Depolarisasi untuk Peningkatan Produktivitas Sapi Pedaging

&#x0D; Katuk (Sauropus androgynus), a traditional herb that has been traditionally consumed by breastfeeding mothers to increase their milk production but still has some side effects, such as bronchiolitis obliterans and inhibition of calcium absorbtion. Removing the polar compounds in katuk leaf (depolarized katuk leaf) can eliminate those side effects without eliminating its side effect in increasing milk production and body growth in several production animals. This study was aimed to analyze the physiological status of beef cows consuming diet supplemented with depolarized katuk leaf as feed additive by measuring their hematology and blood mineral profile. Nine Brahman cross cows in the finisher stage, were grouped based on their diet: complete feed (control), complete feed plus depolarized katuk leaf powder (P1; 100 g per day), and complete feed plus depolarized katuk leaf pellet (P2; 100 g per day). Blood sample was collected after six weeks of consumption for analysis of hematological profiles including total erythrocytes, hematocrit, hemoglobin, total leukocytes, stress index (neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio); and blood mineral concentration (calcium and phosphorous). Dietary administration of depolarized katuk leaf did not have any statistically significant effect on all hematology parameters and blood mineral profiles. In conclusion, depolarized katuk leaf can be used as a growth promoter in beef cows without any negative effect on their physiological status.&#x0D; &#x0D; Keywords: Hematologi, katuk depolarisasi, kesehatan, mineral, sapi pedaging

Effect of subclinical endometritis and flunixin meglumine administration on pregnancy in embryo recipient beef cows

Fertility of recipient beef cows with subclinical endometritis (SCE) that did or did not receive flunixin meglumine (FM) treatment were compared following transfer of d 7 embryo. The study population comprised of 600 Angus cross cows that expressed estrus following Select-Synch + CIDR (Controlled Internal Drug Release) estrus synchronization protocol. At the time of embryo transfer, approximately 3 wk after sampling for subclinical endometritis, cows were randomly allocated either to receive FM treatment (500 mg of Banamine®; n = 300) or not (Control; n = 300). The effect of subclinical endometritis (at ≥ 1% PMN on endometrial cytology by cytobrush method) and FM treatment on pregnancy/embryo transfer (P/ET, %) were evaluated by mixed model. Of the 600 cows, 323 (53.8%) became pregnant; 55.0% (165/300) cows that received FM treatment vs. 52.7% (158/300) control cows (P > 0.1), and 55.9% (266/476) normal vs. 46.0% (57/124) subclinical endometritis cows (P < 0.05). There was a trend for treatment by subclinical endometritis for P/ET (P = 0.09). Pregnancy was recorded in 55.3% (134/242) of normal and 53.4% (31/58) of subclinical endometritis cows that received FM treatment, and in 56.4% (132/234) of normal and 39.4% (26/66) of subclinical endometritis cows that did not receive FM treatment (P = 0.09). In conclusion, subclinical endometritis in recipient beef cows resulted in lower P/ET. Though not significant in cows with subclinical endometritis, FM treatment resulted in 14.0% points more pregnancy compared with control.

Analysis of Lactation, Reproductive Performance and Disorders of Dairy Cows in Waliso and Ilu Districts Oromia, Ethiopia

The aim of this study was to assess the lactation, reproductive performance, and disorders of dairy cows in Waliso and Ilu districts. A total of 122 respondents who participated in the production of dairy cattle were chosen at random and proportional to their size. The collected data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version20. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the results such as overall means, standard error (SE), graphs, tables, frequency, and percentage. Daily milk yield of local breed cow was1.890±0.05liters/per/cow/day, while cross breed dairy cows7.410±0.31liters/ cow/day. Cross breed dairy cows produced (1978.4597±0.98) liters/ lactation/cow and native breed cows produced (429.78±17.10) liters /lactation/cow on average. Results showed that local and cross breed dairy cows had lactations length of 7.58±0.05 and 8.90±0.29 months per lactation per year. The average reproductive performance of local and cross breed dairy cows was (AFS) 44.88±0.57and 24.43±0.29 months, (AFC)53.94±0.56and 33.43±0.29 months, (CI)14.35±0.41) and 14.35±0.41months, (DO)161±0.41 and 140±0.49) days, and (NSPC)1.69±0.06 and1.70±0.10 times, respectively. Daily milk yields, average milk yields, and lactation lengths were significantly (P0.05) different between the two Districts. The overall percentages of stillbirths, dystocia, retained fetal membranes, abortions, and mastitis were 8%, 6.35 %, 6.66 %, 12.15 %, and 11.8%, respectively. In inclusion, it could be concluded that the productive lactation, reproductive performance and disorder are relatively low. Thus, indicating that it is an urgent need for well-coordinated efforts of all concerned bodies to boost the productive and reproductive performance there by enhances the livelihood of the dairy farmers.

Exterior of Сows of the Ukrainian Black-Spotted Dairy Breed, Obtained under Various Selection Options

Analysis of the effectiveness of evaluating inline and inter-line variants of combinations by type and finding their best variants in practical selective breeding is a relevant task that allows obtaining offspring of the desired quality. The purpose of this study is to figure out the specific features of the body structure of the firstborn cows of the Ukrainian blackspotted dairy breed of the western inbred type, depending on their origin, as well as to establish the type of inheritance of these indicators in line crosses based on the results of the evaluation by type. The study found the types of selection through genealogical analysis of pedigrees, linear evaluation of cows by type according to two evaluation systems – linear description of individual articles of the exterior on a 9-point scale and evaluation of complexes of exterior features of the animal type on a 100-point scale, obtained results were evaluated according to Student’s t-test. Using the scheme, it was found that the firstborn cows obtained as a result of the inline selection are characterized by optimal scores by type. However, animals from the Valianta 1650414 line received the highest ratings for linear traits of height at the withers, width of chest and rear, body depth. The study analysed the evaluation of firstborn cows by type, obtained in the interline selection, and it was found that the indicators of linear evaluation by type of cross lines correspond to and prevail over the average values for the breed. Cross cows ♂Valianta 1650414 x ♀Eleveishna 1491007 received the highest score for milk type on a 100-point scale. It was proved that most of the evaluated traits in line crosses were inherited according to the intermediate type. However, in the cross ♂Chifa 1427381 x ♀Eleveishna 1491007, the evaluation of individual traits (height, chest width, angle of withers, rear attachment, and depth of udder) statistically probably exceeded the values of the corresponding evaluations of the firstborns of the paternal and maternal lines, and the dominance of the maternal line was observed in the cross-breed cows ♂Chifa 1427381 x ♀Valianta 1650414 according to the value of the assessment of individual udder traits. The obtained results will allow performing optimal selection of parent pairs from animals evaluated by type for selection and breeding work with cattle herds to consolidate them by type

Grazing cotton crop residue to reduce winter supplementation cost in late-gestation beef cows and assessment of the negative effects of gossypol on fermentation of mixed ruminal microorganisms

This research aimed to evaluate the use of standing cotton crop residue as a winter supplementation source for gestating beef cows and the effects of gossypol, a naturally occurring pigment with potential anti-quality characteristics, on in vitro mixed ruminal microorganism fermentations. Experiment 1 used a 3-yr completely randomized study with 108 Angus cross cows (BW 559 ± 7.9 kg) enrolled in a 30-d grazing trial. Cows were weighed, stratified by weight, and randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatments: dormant bermudagrass ( Cynodon dactylon ) pasture + bermudagrass hay (GR) or cotton ( Gossypium ) crop residue + bermudagrass hay (CT). Experiment 2 used a completely randomized in vitro mixed ruminal microorganism fermentation with 3 × 5 factorial arrangements of treatments. This included 3 substrates: corn ( Zea mays ; CC), average relative forage quality (RFQ 100) coastal bermudagrass (ABG), and high relative forage quality (RFQ 120) coastal bermudagrass (HBG), along with 5 concentrations of gossypol: 0, 0.0615, 0.123, 0.1845, or 0.246 mg of gossypol/mL. Total hay offered and hay per head per day were greater ( P ≤ 0.02) in the GR group compared with the CT group. Economic analysis indicated that total hay cost, cost per head per day, and cost of gain were all significantly decreased for cows in the CT treatment compared with cows in the GR treatment ( P < 0.002). In vitro DM digestibility and total VFA production were lower ( P < 0.002) as gossypol concentration reached the highest concentration. Results suggest that grazing cotton crop residue is a partial replacement for hay supplementation during the winter months. Increased levels of gossypol have negative effects on DM disappearance and VFA production. The gossypol amount found in crop residue is approximately the same as the lowest concentration evaluated in the in vitro experiment. These results indicate that grazing cotton crop residue should not influence ruminal fermentation.

Correlation of parity and age to services per conception, conception rate, and gestation length in Holstein Friesian cross cows

Small farmers dominate dairy farming in Indonesia, and the average productivity is low. The contribution of domestic production only reaches about 23% of the total national milk consumption needs as a source of human nutrition. This study was aimed to identify the relationship between cow's parity and age to services per conception (S/C), conception rate (CR), and gestation length (GL) of Holstein Friesian (HF) cross dairy cows. Data of this study consisted of primary data obtained from farmers interview, and secondary data from the Cooperative Unit of Argopuro village, Krucil, Probolinggo. Sample size was 200 cows, which was 10% of the total population. Data were analyzed for correlation and linear regression using the Statistic Package and Service Solution (SPSS) software version 20 (IBM Corp., USA) at a 95% confidence level. The average S/C, CR, and GL were 2.55 ± 1.57, 21%, and 278.19 ± 11.92 days, respectively. There was no significant correlation (p &gt;0.05) between the parity with S/C, CR, and GL and the age with CR and GL. The only significant correlation (p &lt;0.05) was between the age and S/C. Regression of S/C based on age followed the equation S/C = 0.104 + 0.407*age, with a correlation coefficient and determination coefficient of 0.733 and 0.538, respectively. It could be concluded that S/C could be predicted based on the age of the cows.

Form of Supplemental Selenium Affects the Expression of mRNA Transcripts Encoding Selenoproteins, and Proteins Regulating Cholesterol Uptake, in the Corpus Luteum of Grazing Beef Cows

Simple SummaryIn regions with selenium (Se) deficient soils, producers should supplement this mineral to the diet of forage-grazing cattle. Commercial supplements are typically formulated using inorganic forms of Se, but the organic forms are those naturally available in forages. We previously reported that circulating concentrations of progesterone are affected by the form of Se supplemented to cows. In this report, we aimed to determine (1) how the form of Se affects the expression of mRNA encoding selenoproteins in the corpus luteum, and (2) whether form of Se-induced increases in progesterone are the result of direct increases in the expression of steroidogenic transcripts. Cows were supplemented with the industry standard, an inorganic form of Se, or a 1:1 mix of organic and inorganic forms (MIX), with corpora lutea recovered on Day 7 of the estrous cycle. Transcripts encoding selenoproteins, as well as those regulating the uptake of cholesterol were affected by form of Se, but not those directly regulating steroidogenesis. We demonstrated that the expression of multiple selenoprotein mRNAs are affected by the form of Se, some of which are associated with intracellular antioxidant activity, and that the previously reported form of Se-induced increase in progesterone appears to be due to increased cholesterol availability by the corpus luteum, not by an increase in the expression of key steroidogenic enzymes.Selenium (Se)-deficient soils necessitate supplementation of this mineral to the diet of forage-grazing cattle. Functionally, Se is incorporated into selenoproteins, some of which function as important antioxidants. We have previously shown that the source of supplemental Se; inorganic (sodium selenite or sodium selenate; ISe), organic (selenomethionine or selenocysteine; OSe) or 1:1 mix of ISe and OSe (MIX), provided to Angus-cross cows affects concentrations of progesterone (P4) during the early luteal phase of the estrous cycle. In this study, we sought to investigate (1) the effect of form of Se on the expression of mRNA encoding selenoproteins in the corpus luteum (CL), and (2) whether this previously reported MIX-induced increase in P4 is the result of increased luteal expression of key steroidogenic transcripts. Following a Se depletion and repletion regimen, 3-year-old, non-lactating, Angus- cross cows were supplemented with either ISe as the industry standard, or MIX for at least 90 days, with the CL then retrieved on Day 7 post-estrus. Half of each CL was used for analysis of targeted mRNA transcripts and the remainder was dissociated for culture with select agonists. The expression of three selenoprotein transcripts and one selenoprotein P receptor was increased (p < 0.05), with an additional five transcripts tending to be increased (p < 0.10), in cows supplemented with MIX versus ISe. In cultures of luteal cells, hCG-induced increases in P4 (p < 0.05) were observed in CL obtained from ISe-supplemented cows. The abundance of steroidogenic transcripts in the CL was not affected by the form of Se, however, the abundance of mRNA encoding 2 key transcripts regulating cholesterol availability (Ldlr and Hsl) was increased (p < 0.05) in MIX-supplemented cows. Overall, the form of Se provided to cows is reported to affect the expression of mRNA encoding several selenoproteins in the CL, and that the form of Se-induced effects on luteal production of P4 appears to be the result of changes in cholesterol availability rather than a direct effect on the expression of steroidogenic enzymes within the CL.

Surgical excision of bilateral interdigital fibroma in a crossbred HF cow – A case report

A five year old HF cross cow was presented to Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology with a history of protruded mass in both the hind limbs which were ulcerated and infested with maggots. The condition was diagnosed as bilateral interdigital fibroma (IDF) which was successfully managed by surgical excision under general anaesthesia. The fibroma was excised completely using electrosurgery and bleeding points were cauterized using cryocautery apparatus. Proper skin apposition and claw immobilisation followed by surgical removal lead to uneventful recovery.

BODY CONDITION SCORE INDUK, BOBOT LAHIR PEDET, DAN BOBOT SAPIH PEDET SAPI BRAHMAN CROSS PADA PETERNAKAN RAKYAT DI KECAMATAN TANJUNGSARI KABUPATEN LAMPUNG SELATAN

This study aimed to evaluate Brahman Cross cow from Indonesia Australia Commercial Cattle Breeding (IACCB) program through the cow Body Condition Score (BCS), calf birth weight, and weaning weight of the Brahman Cross at people farm of “Koperasi Produksi Ternak (KPT) Maju Sejahtera” in Tanjungsari District, South Lampung Regency. This study was conducted in March 2020 using survey method with census data collection of which all the 5 years old Brahman Cross cow at the study location were used in this study. The data consisted of primary and secondary data which was analyzed by descriptive analysis. The results of this research showed that the average score of cow BCS, calf birth weight, and weaning weight were 2,92 ± 0,71, 30,04 ± 3,44 kg, 85,63 ± 11,74 kg, respectively. The conclusion of this research was that the cow BCS, calf birth weight, and weaning weight of Brahman Cross from IACCB program in Tanjungsari District is good enough.&#x0D; Keywords: Birth weight, Body Condition Score (BCS), Brahman Cross, Weaning weight

Influence of breed on the quality of in vivo produced embryos from Boran and Holstein Friesian cross dairy breed in Ethiopia

The variation of the dairy breed can determine the success of bovine embryo transfer by influencing the quantity and quality of in vivo embryo production. In this experiment, output and quality of in vivo produced embryos using semen of progeny tested Holstein Friesian (HF) sire in Boran and HF*Boran F1 cross cows, and semen from purebred Boran sire in HF*Boran F1 cross and Boran cows were evaluated. Boran (n=18) and HF*Boran cross (n=18) breed donor dams were superovulated using a previously optimized follicular stimulating hormone (FSH) (Pluset®) dose regimen: 650 IU for HF*Boran cross and 250 IU for Boran breeds. Each cow was flushed on Day-7 post insemination and embryos were evaluated for their developmental stages and quality. Superovulatory response rates were 88.9% and 83.3%, respectively, for Boran and HF*Boran with no significant (P&gt;0.05) breed differences. Total recovery rates were relatively lower (56.5%) in Boran compared to in HF*Boran (67.4%). The mean (±SE) embryo flush outputs were 6.5±0.8 for Boran and 6.9±0.7 forHF*Boran with no significant breed difference. Recovery of a transferrable embryo was significantly higher (68.0%; P&lt;0.05) in HF*Boran dam inseminated with HF sire semen. Boran cows yielded a significantly higher (P&lt;0.05) proportion of unfertilized ovum (57.6 %) irrespective of the sire breeds. Comparatively, a higher number of degenerated embryos were produced by HF*Boran cows. This study demonstrated that the presence of breed-related differences in both the quality and quantity of in vivo produced Bovine embryos.

Pregnancy and offspring sex ratio following insemination with SexedULTRA and conventional semen in cows in a commercial beef operation.

Pregnancy rate per AI (PR/AI) and breeding season pregnancy rates between insemination with sexed semen (SS; at 18hr after the onset of oestrus) and conventional semen (CS; at 12hr after the onset of oestrus,) and offspring gender ratio between two groups were compared. Angus cross cows (n=686, during 2019 and 2020 breeding seasons) were oestrus-synchronized using Select-Synch + CIDR protocol and were observed thrice daily for oestrus until 72hr after PGF2α administration. Cows expressed oestrus (n=513) were inseminated with either SS (n=246; SexedULTRA 4M™; y chromosome-bearing sperm) or CS (n=267). Cows (n=173) that failed to express oestrus at 72hr after PGF2α received 100μg of GnRH and CS insemination concomitantly. Two weeks later, cows were penned with natural service sires (bull:cow ratio 1:25) for 45days. Pregnancy was diagnosed 30days after bull removal. Calves' gender was determined at birth. For cows that expressed oestrus, PR/AI did not differ (p>.1) between SS (65.0%) and CS (66.7%) groups. The overall PR/AI differed (p<.05) between SS (65.0%) and CS (56.4%) groups. The natural service PR differed (p<.001) but breeding season PR (p>.05) did not differ between SS vs. CS groups. Bull:heifer gender ratio following AI was 88:12 and 52:48 for SS and CS groups, respectively, with an overall 66:34 ratio. Bull:heifer gender ratio for the two breeding seasons was 79:21 and 52:48 for SS and CS groups, respectively, with an overall 62:38 ratio. In conclusion, the fertility of SS insemination at 18hr after onset of oestrus was 97% of CS insemination at 12hr after onset of oestrus. Though breeding season pregnancy did not differ between SS and groups, preferred calf gender was 25 percentage points greater for SS over CS application. The gender accuracy was 88%.

ANALISIS KORELASI DAN REGRESI ANTARA UKURAN-UKURAN TUBUH DENGAN BOBOT BADAN SAPI BRAHMAN CROSS (BX) BETINA DI KPT MAJU SEJAHTERA DESA TRIMULYO, KECAMATAN TANJUNG BINTANG, KABUPATEN LAMPUNG SELATAN

This study aimed to determine the Correlation and the regression equation between body measurements and body weight of Brahman Cross (BX) Cow in KPT Maju Sejahtera Trimulyo village, Tanjung Bintang District, Lampung Selatan Regency. This research was conducted in July 2020. The data obtained were analyzed using simple and multiple regression analysis using the help of the Excel program. The material used in this study were 32 Brahman Cross (BX) Cow aged 2-3 years. The results of this study indicated that the average of Body Weight (BW), Chest Circumference (CC), Body Length (BL), and Shoulder height (SH) were 472.66 � 53.59 kg, 179.95 � 7, 95 cm, 132.49 � 6.39 cm, 127.95 � 3.08 cm, respectively. The correlation value between CC, BL, SH with BB were 0.764, 0.448, and 0.551, respectively. These results indicated that CC, BL, SH, have a positive relationship with BW. The regression equation resulting from the relationship between body weight and body size CC, BL, SH to BW with the value of determination (R2) and significance (P?0.05) was 0.607 (60.7%) with the regression equation BW = -674.003 + 4.314 CC + 1.247 BL + 1.602 SH.&#x0D; &#x0D; Keywords: Brahman Cross, Body Measurement, Correlation and Regression

Effects of a nitrogen-based supplement on intake, live weight and body energy reserves in breeding &lt;i&gt;Bos indicus&lt;/i&gt; cross cows

Breeding cows grazing seasonally dry rangelands usually lose substantial live weight (LW) during the dry season, when in late pregnancy. An experiment investigated the effects of feeding a N-based supplement to cows in late pregnancy on voluntary intake, total live weight (T-LW), body condition score (CS) and estimated body net energy content (Body-NE), as well as carry-over effects during lactation. In Phase A for 139 days from mid-pregnancy, mature Bos indicus cross breeders [initially 438 kg T-LW and 5.7 CS units (9-point scale)] were fed in pens on low quality tropical grass hay alone (Control) or with a N supplement (Supplemented). Most (17/22) of the cows calved during this interval. Voluntary hay intake averaged 6.74 g DM/kg T-LW/d in Control cows, and was increased by 35% (P&lt;0.001) when supplement was fed. As a result, feeding supplement reduced loss in conceptus-free live weight (CF-LW) by 30% (from 1.11 kg/d to 0.78 kg/d; P&lt;0.001) and in Body-NE by 20% (from 26.6 to 21.2 MJ NE/d; P = 0.007). Control cows mobilized 24% of maternal LW and 32% of body energy when fed low quality hay during late pregnancy, and these losses were substantially reduced when a N-based supplement was fed. During Phase B, when the lactating cows with their calves grazed a high quality rainy season grass-Stylosanthes pasture, the previously supplemented cows produced more milk (P = 0.065) and their calves grew faster (P = 0.077) in early lactation than Control cows. In addition, during early lactation Control cows exhibited compensatory LW gain relative to the Supplemented cows (0.80 vs. 0.43 kg/d, respectively; P&lt;0.001) and there was no discernable weight difference between the groups by 205 days of lactation. In conclusion the losses in LW and body energy reserves by late pregnant cows fed low quality tropical grass hay were substantially reduced by a N supplement, but the differences were not maintained when the cows subsequently grazed high quality pasture.

41 Effect of grazing cotton crop residue versus Bermudagrass on performance and economic parameters in late gestation beef cows

Abstract The residual lint, seed, and leaf remaining after cotton harvest was evaluated as a feedstuff to reduce the amount of hay fed to beef cows during early winter. A study was conducted utilizing 36 crossbred Angus cross cows (BW 491.04 kg) in late gestation. Cows were stratified by weight and randomly assigned to one of four groups, and each group was assigned to one of two treatments: Bermudagrass hay (Cynodon dactylon) (HAY), or cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) crop residue + Bermudagrass hay (COTTON). All cattle remained on their respective treatments for 30 d, and BW were recorded before and after the feeding period. Hand-grab samples were collected of cotton residue in each field to quantify residue available at the beginning of grazing. Available residue in the cotton groups were 783.17 kg/acre and 911.13 kg/acre. Core samples were collected from each bale of a single lot of hay. The same lot of hay was used for both treatments. Hay was offered ad libitum for the HAY treatment, and hay was offered to the COTTON treatment, starting on d 19. A completely randomized design was used and data were analyzed using a one way analysis of variance. The CP, NDF, and ADF values for hay and cotton residue were 12.3, 62, and 37%, and 23.5, 66, and 57%, respectively. Average daily gain (1.02 and 0.60 kg) and average weight change (34.5 and 20.4 kg) were higher (P &amp;lt; 0.003) for HAY compared to COTTON cows; however, their subsequent calving and breeding performance in the herd were not affected. Average daily hay disappearance for COTTON (5.90 kg/hd) was lower (P &amp;lt; 0.02) compared to HAY (17.19 kg/hd). Overall daily hay cost per head was lower (P &amp;lt; 0.01) for COTTON compared to HAY ($0.65 and $1.89, respectively). These data show that grazing cotton crop residue can reduce feed cost in late gestation beef cows.

Reduced gastrointestinal worm burden following long term parasite control improves body condition and fertility in beef cows

The objective of this study was to compare effects of gastrointestinal parasite control over a long vs short term (PC-LT vs. PC-ST) on fecal parasite load, body condition and pregnancy in beef cows. On Day 0, fecal samples were collected from Angus cross cows (n = 1462) and they were assigned a body condition score (BCS: 1, emaciated; 9, Obese) and randomly divided into two groups (within location) to receive extended-release eprinomectin [PC-LT; n = 749; 50 mg/50 kg body weight (BW)] or pour-on ivermectin (PC-ST; n = 713; 25 mg/50 kg BW). All cows were synchronized with CO-Synch + CIDR [100 μg GnRH + progesterone vaginal insert (CIDR) application on Day 20, CIDR removal +25 mg PGF2a on Day 27, and artificial insemination +100 μg GnRH on Day 30 (66 h after CIDR removal)] protocol, artificially inseminated (AI; Day 30) and on Day 44, exposed to breeding bulls (1:40 bull to cow ratio) for the remainder of the 85 day breeding season. On Day 90, a second fecal sample was collected from all cows and the cows were examined to determine pregnancy/AI (P/AI). All cows were assigned a BCS on Day 180 and re-examined to determine pregnancy/breeding season (P/BS). Worm egg count per gram of feces (FEG) was determined by McMaster method. There were no differences (P > 0.1) between PC-LT and PC-ST groups on Day 0 for FEG (46.9 ± 13.1 vs 42.6 ± 15.2, respectively; mean ± SEM) or BCS (5.95 ± 0.12 vs 6.00 ± 0.20). The mean FEG (PC-LT, 12.3 ± 4.7 vs. PC-ST, 131.3 ± 10.9) on Day 90 and BCS (PC-LT, 6.04 ± 0.07 vs. PC-ST, 5.79 ± 0.13) on Day 180 differed (P < 0.05) between the two groups. Mean P/AI [PC-LT, 62.9 %; (471/749) vs PC-ST, 57.4 %; (409/713)] and P/BS [PC-LT, 92.9 % (696/749) vs PC-ST, 90.0 (642/713)] also differed (P < 0.05). Lower FEG at Day 90 resulted in moderate to good body condition at Day 180 and cows with moderate to good body condition at Day 180 had higher P/BS. In conclusion, lower worm burden with long-term parasite control reduced FEG and improved BCS, P/AI and P/BS.

Associations between the Bovine Myostatin Gene and Milk Fatty Acid Composition in New Zealand Holstein-Friesian × Jersey-Cross Cows.

Simple SummaryThe gene that encodes myostatin influences more than one trait, and its expression has been observed in skeletal muscle, as well as the mammary gland. In this study, association analysis revealed that variation in the bovine myostatin gene affects milk fatty acid composition, raising the possibility that this genetic variation may be utilized to increase the amount of unsaturated fatty acid and decrease the amount of saturated fatty acid in milk.The myostatin gene (MSTN), which encodes the protein myostatin, is pleiotropic, and its expression has been associated with both increased and decreased adipogenesis and increased skeletal muscle mass in animals. In this study, the polymerase chain reaction, coupled with single strand conformation polymorphism analysis, was utilized to reveal nucleotide sequence variation in bovine MSTN in 410 New Zealand (NZ) Holstein-Friesian × Jersey (HF × J)-cross cows. These cows ranged from 3 to 9 years of age and over the time studied, produced an average 22.53 ± 2.18 L of milk per day, with an average milk fat content of 4.94 ± 0.17% and average milk protein content of 4.03 ± 0.10%. Analysis of a 406-bp amplicon from the intron 1 region, revealed five nucleotide sequence variants (A–E) that contained seven nucleotide substitutions. Using general linear mixed-effect model analyses the AD genotype was associated with reduced C10:0, C12:0, and C12:1 levels when compared to levels in cows with the AA genotype. These associations in NZ HF × J cross cows are novel, and they suggest that this variation in bovine MSTN could be explored for increasing the amount of milk unsaturated fatty acid and decreasing the amount of saturated fatty acid.