Crocothemis Servilia Research Articles

Diversity of Odonata in Hokersar Wetland- A Ramsar Site of Kashmir Himalaya, India

The present study was carried out from 2021 to 2023 to assess the diversity and seasonal distribution of odonates in the Hokersar wetland. A total of 18 species under 11 genera and four families were observed of which a high diversity of dragonflies were seen compared to damselflies. Libellulidae was found to be the most species-rich family followed by Aeshnidae. The most abundant species were Pantala flavescens (F) (11.98%), Crocothemis servilia (Drury) (11.35%) and Ischnura inarmata Calvert (11.09%). A change in diversity and abundance across seasons was observed with the highest being in summer followed by autumn, while absence during spring and autumn was seen, except for Sympecma paedisca (Brauer) found throughout the year.

Seasonal Incidence of Major Insect Pest of Chickpea and their Natural Enemies in Vindhaya Region of Madhya Pradesh

Field experiment carried out at the Entomology Instructional Farm, JNKVV-College of Agriculture Rewa, MP during rabi season 2018-19 revealed that incidence of the chickpea pod borer Helicoverpa armigera. Population range of pod borer during different weather weeks varied between 0.30 and 1.89 larvae/mrl (April 2nd week and March 2nd week respectively). Peak larval population of Helicoverpa armigera was recorded in 2nd week of March (11 standard weeks). A weak negative correlation was observed with the maximum relative humidity and minimum relative humidity correlation, -0.172 and -0.595 respectively and a non significant positive correlation with maximum temperature, minimum temperature and rainfall. The respective r was found to be 0.306, 0.391 and 0.269. In district Rewa, MP, India the insect-pests of chickpea and their natural enemies during rabi the total seven species was recorded in Chickpea in which six pests minor in nature and one major pest Chickpea pod borer (Helicoverpa armigera). Termite (Odontotermes obesus Ram.), White grub (Holotrichia consanguinea Bl.), Black aphid (Aphis craccivora Koch), Grasshopper (Chrotogonus trachypterus Blan.), Semilooper (Autographa nigrisigna L.), Cut worm (Agrotis ipsilon Huf.) are minor in nature. Seven natural enemies found during field investigation i.e. lady bird beetle (Chilomenes sexmaculata Fab.), lady bird beetle (Coccinella septempunctata L.), Praying mantis (Mantis religiosa), Dragon fly (Crocothemis servilia Drury), Campoletis parasitoid (Campoletis chlorideae Uch.), Indian mynah (Acridotheris tristis L.), King crow (Dicrurus macrocerus Vie.) in chickpea observed in low to medium population on the crop and to help in reduction of pest population.

On the synonymy of Crocothemis crocea Navás, 1918, with Crocothemis servilia (Drury, 1773), with remarks on Philippine odonates (Odonata: Libellulidae)

On the synonymy of Crocothemis crocea Navás, 1918, with Crocothemis servilia (Drury, 1773), with remarks on Philippine odonates (Odonata: Libellulidae)

Species diversity of Odonata in the urban ecosystem of Iligan City, Philippines

Abstract. Banaybanay DP, Amparado OA, Morilla LJG, Estaño LA. 2024. Species diversity of Odonata in the urban ecosystem of Iligan City, Philippines. Biodiversitas 25: 890-899. Urbanization impacts ecosystem function and services, resulting in changes in ecological processes, increasing human population, and biodiversity loss. This threat may influence Odonata species' abundance, diversity, and distribution in freshwater habitats. The survey of Odonata in the urban ecosystem in Iligan City was carried out from December 2022 to March 2023 to determine the species diversity, abundance, endemism, distribution, and their correlation to various environmental parameters in freshwater habitat in this area. Field sampling was conducted in six identified barangays: Barangay Tubod, Bagong Silang, Del Carmen, Villa Verde, Poblacion, and Ubaldo Laya. The study recorded 569 individuals consisting of two major Odonate families, the Family Libellulidae, comprising nine species: Acisoma panorpoides, Brachydiplax chalybea, Crocothemis servilia, Diplacodes trivialis, Neurothemis terminata, Neurothemis ramburii, Orthetrum sabina, Rhodothemis rufa and Trithemis aurora; and Family Coenagrionidae with four species: Agriocnemis femina, Ceriagrion lieftincki, Ischnura senegalensis and Pseudagrion pilidorsum. Among the recorded species, I. senegalensis (34.80%) was found to be the most abundant species, followed by A. femina (32.51%) and O. sabina (10.54%), which are encountered in all sampling sites. Meanwhile, the low diversity and low endemism (7.69%) were recorded in all sampling areas, with C. lieftincki as the only Philippine endemic recorded in Iligan City Wet Park and Barangay Bagong Silang. Canonical correspondence analysis reveals that environmental factors such as air temperature, water temperature, water pH, water turbidity, and relative humidity are crucial parameters in determining the assemblage of Odonata. Overall, urban ecosystems in Iligan City are dominated by oriental species, signifying that the areas are heavily disturbed. Therefore, urgent management of urban ecosystems is required to enhance the city's ecological health, sustainability, and insect biodiversity.

Dragonfly (Odonata) Specimens Collection of Bogor Botanical Garden

Dragonfly (Odonata) specimens that have been collected for 76 years (1929-2005) by the Bogor Botanical Gardens (BBG) and kept at the Zoologicum Bogoriense Museum (ZBM) are interesting to study because quite a number of these specimens have not been identified at the species taxon level. The research objective was to record and identify dragonfly species that once lived and were found flying in the BBG area and have become ZBM specimen collections. The research method used is by sorting, grouping, and identifying specimen collections. The identification results of dragonfly specimen collection showed that there were 1,357 specimens consisting of 7 families and 25 species. The most collected family was Libellulidae. The most collected species was Agriocnemis femina (311 specimens), followed by Crocothemis servilia (245 specimens), and Brachythemis contaminata (217 specimens). The year 1995 was the year with the highest number of specimens collected at 1,137 specimens. Garuda Park Pond, Building 9 Pond, Palace Pond, and inside the botanical garden area were the locations with the most dragonfly encounters.

Effect of the Number of Rows and Cultivars of Soybeans on Damage Intensity of Pest and Predator Populations in Corn-Soybean Intercropping, South Sulawesi Indonesia

Background: Soybean productivity in Indonesia remains low yield due to the occurrence of pests and diseases. Here, our study aimed to determine the number of soybean rows and varieties in the soybean-corn intercropping system and the damage level, pest and predator populations. Methods: The study used a split-plot design with three replications. The main plot was soybean varieties (Dena-1, Detap-1 and Deja-1) and the subplots consisted of monoculture (soybean); three rows of soybeans and two rows of corn; four rows of soybean and two rows of corn; six rows of soybean and two rows of corn. Result: The six rows of soybeans and two rows of corn showed the lowest attack rate of Spodoptera litura and Etiella zinckenella, the lowest population of Aphis glycines and Riptortus linearis, the highest predatory population of Crocothemis servilia and Coccinella sp. and the highest predator populations of Euborellia annulata. The highest attack rate of S.litura was in Dena-1. In contrast, the highest intensity of E.zinckenella pest damage was in Dena-1 and Deja-1. The corn-soybean intercropping was recommended as the best practice for sustainable agriculture production due to facilitating in the increase of growth of predator population and reducing the level of crop damage due to pest attacks.

Predatory efficiency of dragonfly nymphs, Crocothemis servilia and Rhyothemis variegata against the mosquito, Culex quinquefasciatus Say

This study compared the predatory potential of nymphs of two dragonfly species viz. Crocothemis servilia (Drury, 1773) and Rhyothemis variegata (Linnaeus, 1763) using the different larval instars and pupae of Cx. quinquefasciatus (Say, 1823) as preys in normal laboratory settings. Field-collected fed and 24 h starved nymphs of C. servilia and R. variegata were offered 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th instar larvae and pupae of Cx. quinquefasciatus to monitor the rate of predation. A 24 h starved nymph of C. servilia showed the highest predation on the 2nd instar larvae (92.00±4.06%) followed by the 3rd (83.00±5.61%), 4th (80±6.89%) and 1st (76.00±4.85%) instar larvae and the pupae (26.00±2.91), respectively, whereas, that of R. variegata exhibited the highest consumption of the 1st instar larvae (90.00±3.54 %) followed by the 2nd (88.00±5.61 %), 3rd (82.00±3.74 %), 4th (70.00±7.91 %) larval instar and the pupae (23.00±4.63), respectively within 24 h exposure. In the same period, the fed nymphs of C. servilia showed maximum consumption of the 2nd instar larvae (77.00±3.54%) followed by the 3rd (76.00±4.58%), 4th (64.00±4.00%) and 1st instar (55.00±3.53%) larvae and the pupae (24.00±3.67), respectively, whereas, that of R. variegata exhibited highest consumption of the 1st instar larvae (67.00±5.38 %) followed by the 2nd (65.00±10.12 %), 3rd (58.00±8.46 %) and 4th (53.00±4.06 %) instar larvae and the pupae (21.00±2.92), respectively. The rate of predation was significant on all the larval instars and the pupae compared to their control counterparts (p<0.05) and the starved larvae and nymphs of both the dragonfly species showed higher predation compared to the fed nymphs. The aforementioned findings suggest that nymphs of both of the dragonfly species exhibited considerable predation potential against the immature stages of the Cx. quinquefasciatus mosquito. The present study recommends assessing the feasibility of using these species in large-scale mosquito control programs.

Diversity, antibacterial activity and chemical analyses of gut-associated fungi isolated from the Crocothemis servilia.

Insect-associated fungi are a potentially rich source of novel natural products with antibacterial activity. Here, we investigated the community composition and phylogenetic diversity of gut-associated fungi of the dragonfly (Crocothemis Servilia) using a combination of culture-dependent and culture-independent methods. A total of 42 fungal isolates were obtained from the guts of the dragonfly, which belonged to four classes and thirteen different genera. Amplicon sequencing analyses revealed that the fungal communities were more diverse, and a total of 136 genera were identified and dominated by the genera Wojnowiciella and Phoma. The antibacterial bioassay showed that five fungal crude extracts of representative isolates have shown antibacterial activities. Among them, the extract of Phoma sp. QTH17 showed the best antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli, Micrococcus tetragenus, and Staphylococcus aureus with the disc diameter of inhibition zone diameter (IZD) of 6.50, 10.80, and 8.70 mm, respectively. Chemical analysis of Phoma sp. QTH17 led to the discovery of five known compounds, including ergosterol (1), 3-Chlorogentisyl alcohol (2), epoxydon (3), epoxydon 6-methylsalicylate ester (4) and mannitol (5). Among them, the compound 3 exhibited potent antibacterial activities against E. coli, M. tetragenus, and S. aureus with the IZD of 7.00, 14.00, and 12.50 mm, respectively, which were slightly weaker than those of the positive gentamicin sulfate with the IZD of 11.13, 18.30, and 12.13 mm, respectively. In conclusion, our results confirmed that the diversity of gut-associated fungi of C. Servilia could be expected to explore the resource of new species and antibacterial substances.

Seasonal variations in diversity and the relative abundance of Odonata naiads from the temporary pools in Basrah Province-Southern of Iraq

This study aimed to investigate the monthly changes in the diversity and abundance of Odonata naiad's species for the period from December 2017 to November 2018 from three temporary pools in different areas of Basrah Province, including Abu Gossra-Abu Al-Kassib District (station 1), Al-Masehab- Al-Hartha district (station 2) and Al-Jalal - Al-Madina District (Station 3). Some environmental factors were measured, as water temperatures ranged between (12-38 ° C) while the salinity ranged between (1.2-14 ‰). Ten species of Odonata naiads were recorded, including eight species of Suborder Anisoptera and two species of Suborder Zygoptera. The highest diversity of naiads (9 species) was in St.1 and St.2, and the lowest diversity (8 species) was in St.3. Statistical analysis showed significant effect of environmental factors on the abundance of naiads during sampling period between stations and months. The highest relative abundance was 70% for Crocothemis servilia during January, while the lowest relative abundance was 0.98. % for Diplacodes lefebvrei during April. Environmental indexes of Anisoptera naiads in Basrah showed that their communities are poor in diversity and turbulent, balanced or semi balanced according to the standard values. Jacquard index showed the highest qualitative similarity between St.2 and St.3, and the lowest between St.1 and St.2.

Predation of mosquitos by odonates in a tropical urban environment: insights from functional response and field mesocosm experiments

Mosquito borne diseases (e.g., dengue fever, Zika fever, chikungunya fever) are a recurring problem worldwide. Using the natural predators of mosquitoes, such as odonates (dragonflies and damselflies), provides an alternative, more sustainable approach towards vector control. We assessed the biological control potential of the larvae of three common urban odonates (Crocothemis servilia, Ischnura senegalensis, Orthetrum sabina) using laboratory-based functional response and field-based mesocosm experiments. Functional response experiments using fourth instar Aedes albopictus mosquito larvae as prey revealed Type II functional responses in all three odonate species, highlighting their predatory efficiencies at low prey densities and demonstrating that urban odonates can consume substantial numbers of mosquito larvae (up to 44 per day) under experimental conditions. Complementary field-based experiments, however, showed little impact of odonate larvae predation on the overall composition of naturally colonizing aquatic macroinvertebrate communities, but revealed substantial size-selective predation by odonate larvae on mosquito larvae. Our results provide the first assessment of the predation efficiencies of urban odonate larvae, and highlight their potential as biological control agents of mosquitoes and other aquatic insect pests in highly modified urban landscapes.

Dragonfly Diversity (Insect: Odonata) in Asem Binatur River, Pekalongan, Indonesia

Dragonflies have an essential role in the aquatic ecosystem. The nymph phase lives in water and is sensitive to environmental changes. The reduced number of dragonflies in an area can be an indication of changes in the quality of water and environmental health. This research was conducted in the Asem Binatur River, Pekalongan, Indonesia, from November 2018 to April 2019. The purpose of this study was to determine species diversity, the index value of the Pekalongan River dragonfly diversity by using the point count method. Long hand high net, wrapping paper/papilot and camera were used to catch and observe the dragonflies. The Shannon-Wiener species diversity index was calculated. Seven species of dragonflies were recorded from Asem River. There were Orthetrum sabina, Diplacodes trivalis, Neurothemis ramburii, Crocothemis servilia, Pantala flavescens, Neurothemis stigmatizans and Orthetrum chrysis. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index analysis was ranged from 0 to 0.31, indicating low diversity. Abiotic parameter measurements showed the humidity was 67.17%, the soil pH was 7.11, the light intensity was 46310 lux and the temperature was 30 °C. The analysis of the dragonfly diversity index was correlated with the poor water quality status in Asem Binatur River, Pekalongan.

A record of gynandromorphism in the libellulid dragonfly Crocothemis servilia (Insecta: Odonata) from India

Here we report a case of gynandromorphism in the dragonfly Crocothemis servilia (Drury, 1773), (Insecta: Odonata: Anisoptera: Libellulidae) from the Puzhakkal region of Kole wetlands, Thrissur, Kerala, southern India from a single photograph recorded during a survey conducted on 14 July 2019. The individual exhibits bilateral gynandromorphism only in the thoracic region, half of which showed blood red colouration as in males and the other half pale yellow characteristic of females. The base of the wing of the red half was marked with rich amber, in contrast with the other wing base which was paler. The head, legs, and abdomen showed typical female morphology.

Aquatic insect assemblages in four urban lakes of Bogor, West Java, Indonesia

Abstract. Wakhid, Rauf A, Krisanti M, Sumertajaya IM, Maryana N. 2020. Aquatic insect assemblages in four urban lakes of Bogor, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 3047-3056. Urban lakes represent important habitats for some freshwater organisms and support a high diversity of insect fauna. Study was conducted with the objectives to determine and compare aquatic insect assemblages in four urban lakes of Bogor, West Java, Indonesia. Insects were collected in the littoral zone using D-net at a certain interval along the perimeter of each lake. Sampling was carried out monthly during March, April, and May 2017. A total of 6,686 individuals representing 82 species/morphospecies, 28 families, and seven orders were recorded. Estimation of species richness by Chao1 suggested that sampling completeness for Situ Babakan, Situ Burung, Situ Gede, and Situ Tonjong were 88.71%, 75.86%, 82.17%, and 95.23%, respectively. Rarefaction curves indicated that more sampling would record a higher species richness. The least species richness and diversity of aquatic insect assemblages occurred in Situ Babakan characterized by high organic pollution due to fish farming. Canonical correspondence analysis showed that certain environmental factors were related to some species. Chironomus sp. (Diptera: Chironomidae), Micronecta ludibunda (Hemiptera: Micronectidae), and Anisops bouvieri (Hemiptera: Notonectidae) were associated with organically polluted water. Odonates such as Pseudagrion sp.1 (Coenagrionidae), Rhinocypha sp. (Chlorocyphidae), Acisoma panorpoides, Orthetrum sabina (Libellulidae), and Crocothemis servilia (Libellulidae) were associated with conditions of a high density of macrophytes. Our study provides baseline data for future monitoring and conservation management of these lakes.

New distributional records of dragonflies (Libellulidae: Anisoptera: Odonata) from Rajori district of Jammu and Kashmir

The present paper reports five species of dragonflies belonging to family Libellulidae of the order odonata from the Rajori district of Jammu and Kashmir. All five species are reported for the first time from this area. The species are Orthetrum pruinosum, O. Sabina, Crocothemis servilia, Neurothemis tullia and Tramea basilaris.

Odonato andromórfico Crocothemis servilia (Drury) (Odonata: Libellulidae): nuevos registros de la India

Odonato andromórfico Crocothemis servilia (Drury) (Odonata: Libellulidae): nuevos registros de la India

JENIS-JENIS CAPUNG DI CAGAR ALAM TELUK KLOWE KECAMATAN ENGGANO KABUPATEN BENGKULU UTARA, PROVINSI BENGKULU

The purpose of this study is to find out the types of dragonflies (Odonata) found in the Klowe Bay Nature Reserve, Enggano sub-district, North Bengkulu Regency, Bengkulu Province. The study was conducted in the Klowe Bay Nature Reserve, Enggano sub-district, North Bengkulu Regency, Bengkulu Province in January 2018, which was identified in the Animal Physiology laboratory, Basic Science Biology, University of Bengkulu. by means of purposive sampling by surveying locations in accordance with dragonfly living conditions such as the presence of water and the presence of plants that are habitat for small insects that are food for dragonflies so that 2 points are determined. Dragonflies collected by exploring by swinging the net towards the dragonfly. The sample obtained is put into a killing bottle contains cotton in which the cotton has been given chloroform. The results obtained are 4 types of dragonflies with 15 individuals included in the Anisoptera sub-order. The types obtained include the Libellulidae Family, namely Orthetrum sabina, Pantala flavescens, Crocothemis Servilia, and Orthetrum glaucum.

The first record of parasitism by Forcipomyia (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in Cuban odonates

Several species of biting midges of the genus Forcipomyia are frequently found attached to the wings of adult odonates, acting as parasites by sucking haemolymph from the wing veins. Here we report the first finding of F. incubans on odonates in the peninsula of Zapata, Cuba. We found the midge on the wings of Erythrodiplax simplicicollis, E. umbrata, Crocothemis servilia, and in the wings and body of Perithemis domitia, all species belonging to the family Libellulidae. This is the first record of this interaction for the Antilles.

Diversity and community structure of Odonata (Insecta) in two land use types in Purba Medinipur District, West Bengal, India

The present study recorded a total of 45 species of Odonata, of which one species, Ischnura mildredae, was recorded for the first time from West Bengal in India. Thirty-eight species were found in Tamluk Municipality as compared to 21 species in Haldia Industrial Belt (IB), with 14 species common to both the localities. Index of similarity revealed that the two localities were slightly dissimilar in odonate faunal composition as only 47% of species were shared. In both the localities, Anisoptera was more abundant, comprising over 69% of the total odonates. Libellulidae was the most abundant Anisopteran family in both the localities, comprising over 66% of the total odonates. Coenagrionidae was the most abundant Zygopteran family in both the localities. Thirteen species of Anisoptera and 11 species of Zygoptera were found only in Tamluk whereas two species of Anisoptera and five species of Zygoptera were found only in Haldia IB. Crocothemis servilia, Pantala flavescens, and Ceriagrion coromandelianum were the dominant species in Tamluk while Brachythemis contaminata and Orthetrum sabina were the dominant species in Haldia IB. Based on the values of Shannon index, Tamluk was considered unpolluted (=3.16) and Haldia IB moderately polluted (=2.43). Higher equitability index (J=0.87) and very low dominance index (0.06) in Tamluk indicated homogeneity in community composition and relatively stress-free equitable environment. The present investigation suggests that Odonata can be used as bioindicators of industrial pollution.

Genetic interaction and diversity of the families Libellulidae and Gomphidae through COI gene from China and Pakistan

A total of 300 dragonflies (Odonata) were collected from six different localities of China and Pakistan. Sixty seven representative samples were selected to sequence their mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI). An examination of the resultant sequences identified 21 different dragonfly species, belonging to 15 distinct genera, two families, Libellulidae and Gomphidae. Sequence alignment was executed using Clustal-W in BioEdit v6. The phylogenetic tree was constructed through Neighbor-joining method by using Jukes-Cantor model, and genetic divergence was calculated via Kimura 2-parameter using MEGA7, while Genetic diversity was calculated by DnaSP v5. The maximum genetic divergence was observed for Crocothemis servilia, at 20.49%, followed by Libellulidae sp. with 22.30% while minimum divergence (0.82%) was observed for Melligomphus ardens. Likewise, a significant genetic diversity was observed for all species. However, Crocothemis servilia species presented maximum value (176 mutations) followed by Libellulidae spp. (150 mutations), whereas minimum value (3 mutations) was observed by Orthetrum testaceum. Interestingly, the diversity of C. servilia, all of which are collected from a single location of China, is much higher than those from Pakistan, which were collected from 5 different places with a spatial distance exceeding 500 Kms. Our results are useful in gaining a full appreciation of the global diversity of dragonflies and the development of conservation measures of this insect.

Biological control of mosquito larvae using naiad of ruddy marsh skimmer Crocothemis servilia

The naiads of Crocothemis servilia (Drury) feed only on larvae of Culex quiniquefasciatus and both larvae and pupae of Aedes aegypti under laboratory condition. It prefers 2nd instar larva over other instars of C. quiniquefasciatus and for 3rd instar larvae of A. aegypti. These exhibited higher predation rate during day time. The diurnal clearance rate was significantly higher than the nocturnal one for both the species. Maximum clearance rate was observed during first hour of predation. Results indicate that C. servilia could be used as a potential biocontrol agent against mosquito larvae.