Croatian Istria Research Articles

La fraseologia nei dizionari istrioto-italiano

In this paper, the treatment of phraseological elements in four bilingual dictionaries of Istriot varieties – Gallesanese, Vallese, and Rovignese – and Italian is analyzed. First, an overview of the sociolinguistic situation of Istriot in the complex linguistic reality of Croatian Istria is provided. This is followed by a concise outline of Istriot lexicography. In the empirical part, after describing the analyzed dictionaries, the research results of the treatment of phraseology in the latter are presented and discussed. Finally, some concluding remarks are made.

Istrian Narrative Folklore in Studies by Maja Bošković-Stulli and Milko Matičetov

This article is dedicated to the memory of Croatian eminent folklorist, Maja Bošković-Stulli, who dedicated much of her research to Istrian narrative folklore. She was one of the leading folklorists of the second half of the 20th century and a contemporary of Slovenia’s Milko Matičetov, another exceptional folklorist and field researcher. Together, they are responsible for the collection of Istrian narrative folklore and studied the role which narratives had in the lives of Istrian people. The proximity of different ethnic groups in this territory led to the diversity and richness of narrative culture and folk storytelling up to this day. This article discusses some examples of narrative culture from Slovenian and Croatian Istria from the point of view of vital shifts and changes that can be traced through different historical periods until today.

Integrating Airborne Laser Scanning and 3D Ground-Penetrating Radar for the Investigation of Protohistoric Structures in Croatian Istria

We present the investigation of two rather ephemeral archaeological sites located in the municipality of Oprtalj/Portole (Croatian Istria) by means of integrated archaeological, geophysical and remote sensing techniques. The results obtained confirm the first interpretation of these contexts; a protohistoric burial mound and a small hillfort, respectively. We further obtained detailed information about both deposits through 2D and 3D remote sensing and geophysical studies that produced maps, volumes, profiles and cross-sections. At the first site, the volume reconstruction of both the inner stone core and the superimposed earth of the putative stone mound also allowed us to estimate the labour necessary to erect the structure. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that the integrated approach can be valuable not only to acquire novel data about the archaeological deposits but also to calibrate future investigations and to plan effective measures for heritage management, monitoring and valorization.

Palaeopathological Study of the Mompaderno Cranium (Croatian Istria) Reveals Interpersonal Violence during Early Bronze Age

AbstractThe Mompaderno cranium was found in 1883 at Baderna/Mompaderno in Croatian Istria. It was suspected to date from the Mesolithic or Neolithic period, but radiocarbon analyses, performed by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) on collagen extracted from two teeth, have provided an age range of 2,202–1928 cal. BC, which corresponds to the Early Bronze Age in the investigated region. Macroscopic observations and X‐ray micro‐tomography (micro‐CT) of the cranium have shown antemortem sharp force trauma on the frontal bones, probably caused by a bronze axe, and a related osteomyelitis likely caused by an infection of the wound. The study has also revealed a previous depressed fracture and an osteolytic area interpreted as intradiploic meningioma. Results provide rare and earliest evidence of interpersonal violence in the northern Adriatic region.

Mobility, Multiculturalism and Memory in Croatian Istria

ABSTRACT This article examines Istrianism as a form of regional cultural identity. In doing so, it regards Istria as an important transnational borderland and investigates the historical circumstances that underlie the manifest multiculturalism of the region. It focuses on an analysis of key socio-historical circumstances that conditioned the cultural heterogeneity of the region, exploring the impact Habsburg heritage in particular had on current socio-cultural policies and interactions. It examines the Istrian peninsula as part of the Austrian Riviera to determine the effects the polyphonic state structure of the Austro-Hungarian Empire had, probing whether this multicultural legacy is connected to the sustained cultural hybridity of Istria today. The present-day IDS party is examined in terms of its relationship to this past. This paper posits the Austrian Littoral as a tolerant, multi-ethnic space where notions of belonging and cultural identity became purposely intertwined, producing a distinct form of citizenship that was not defined by political ordinance alone, but rather by human agency and the immediacy of basic day to day interactions.

Results of geophysical scanning of a Roman senatorial villa in the Santa Marina Bay (Croatia, Istria) using the amplitude data comparison method (ADCM)

The article presents application of the new geophysical amplitude data comparison method (ADCM), resulting from integrated geophysical survey using ground-penetrating radar (GPR) and magnetometry. The ADCM was applied to recognize the horizontal and vertical stratigraphy of a Roman senatorial villa located in Santa Marina (western part of Croatian Istria). The measurements were carried out in 2017−2019 at this site, accompanied by a use of GPR and gradientometer. These two methods significantly differ from each other, but on the other hand, they are complementary to some extent. This is due to the fact that the methods register different types of underground materials. The GPR records electromagnetic waves reflected from real buried remains or boundaries between geological or archaeological layers that differ significantly in electrical properties. The magnetic method, in turn, records the anomalies of the magnetic field intensity resulting from the underground concentration of ferromagnetic minerals, hence it is ideal for searching structures filled with organic matter or burning material. However, a separate usage of these methods does not guarantee a full picture of archaeological structures that are preserved underground. Only the application of the ADCM allowed for a comparison of GPR and magnetic amplitude data reading, following which a spatial image (2D and 3D) of the preserved archaeological structures and the geological stratigraphy of the Santa Maria site were obtained.

Influence of different treatments on the presence of olive fruit fly in Croatian Istria

Research was conducted in 2013 on the presence of one of the most important olive pests, olive fruit fly (Bactrocera oleae Gmel.), following different plant protection treatments in Kastelir near Porec (Croatia). In this research on an olive grove planted with the cultivar 'Leccino', the experiment was set up with five treatments: conventional plant protection, organic plant protection, pyrethrin, consociation of olive and planted pyrethrum (Tanacetum cinerariifolium (Trevir.) Sch. Bip.), and control. Olive fruit fly presence was monitored weekly using separate pheromone traps on each treatment, and comparison between the treatments was performed. The climatic conditions in Istria were also monitored during 2013. The average number of captured adult olive fruit flies varied between treatments, with the largest average number detected on the control (12.7), while the greatest presence of olive fly life stages was detected on organic treatments (3.8). The smallest average number of captured adult olive flies was detected on pyrethrin treatment (5.7), while the smallest presence of olive fly life stages was detected on conventional treatments (0.9); however, the differences in both these cases were not statistically significant. In addition, olive flies were monitored by yellow sticky trap. The highest yield was determined on conventional treatment (9.3 kg tree‑1), while the lowest yield was on consociation and organic treatment (8.8 kg tree‑1); however, the difference between the two was not statistically significant.

The Carniolan Society for Agriculture and Useful Arts 1767–87: Promoting Practical and Theoretical Knowledge Based on Cameralist and Physiocratic Ideas

The Carniolan Society for Agriculture and Useful Arts, often somewhat loosely called the Carniolan Farming Society, worked between the years 1767 and 1787 in the Habsburg duchy of Carniola on the southern border of Holy Roman Empire, which now forms the central western part of Slovenia with its capital Ljubljana (Laibach), northeastern Italy with the city of Duino, and a part of Croatian Istria with the city of Pazin. The official name of the Society (referred to as Society or Carniolan Society in this article) was Kaiserlich Königliche Gesellschaft des Ackerbaues und nützlicher Künste im Herzogthume Krain. It published two important periodicals: the Sammlung nützlicher Unterrichte (Collection of useful instructions) and a weekly magazine titled Wöchentliches Kundschaftsblatt des Herzogthum Krain (Weekly news of the Duchy of Carniola). Both publications promoted intellectual and scientific developments of the time and reflected a progressive spirit of Enlightenment and rationalism, characteristic of the eighteenth century in Europe.

INCIDENCE OF VIRUSES ON AUTOCHTHONOUS AND INTRODUCED OLIVE VARIETIES IN CROATIAN ISTRIA DETECTED BY THREE DIAGNOSTIC TECHNIQUES

A survey on viruses infecting olive trees was performed in Croatian Istria. Major olive viruses were detected using molecular (RT-PCR), biological (bioassay on indicator plants) and serological (DAS-ELISA) diagnostic techniques. Specifically, fifteen olive varieties from a total of 62 olive trees have been tested for the presence of eight viruses. Cherry leaf roll virus (CLRV), Strawberry latent ring spot virus (SLRSV) and Olive latent virus-1 (OLV-1) were detected by one-step RT-PCR in ten autochthonous and five introduced olive varieties. The most frequent found was CLRV, detected in 11.3% of tested trees both in autochthonous and in introduced varieties, while OLV-1 and SLRSV were detected only in autochthonous varieties and in lower incidence. In order to confirm the results obtained by one-step RT-PCR, inocula prepared from the flowers were used for inoculation of herbaceous indicator plants. Symptoms on herbaceous hosts were monitored and CLRV and SLRSV were detected by DAS-ELISA, confirming the results of molecular test. The most successful mechanical transmission was on Chenopodium quinoa, while the most evident symptoms were observed on Cucumis sativus L. cv. Suncani potok plants.

Italian Language in Istria: Status Planning, Corpus Planning and Acquisition Planning

The geopolitical features and the historical cohabitation of the Slavic and Romance ethnic and socio-cultural components in the Croatian Istria County marked the overall heterogeneity of the multicultural and multilingual Istrian territory. A particulary important issue regarding language planning and policy is the statutary official status of the Italian language, besides Croatian. This paper focuses on analyzing language policies and practices based on status planning, acquisition planning and corpus planning. Language planning in the context of the Croatian-Italian bilingualism in Istria is considered significant the role of the legal system which guarantees the preservation of the Italian language as the language of the social environment, helping to create the conditions for its use and the availability of its services, ensuring linguistic rights to the members of the Italian national community, the only (autochthonous) national community in Istria (status planning). In order to determine and increase its prestige on the social level, learning Italian as the language of the social environment is encouraged among members of the majority in Croatian language teaching schools, for broadening its knowledge and the use of available services for a wider range of users (acquisition planning). The least efforts are applied to the development of attempts to ensure and expand its use within various social language functions (corpus planning). Although Italian is institutionally protected and its teaching is widely encouraged, the goal of its application in everyday socialization remains unreached. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n2s5p385

Ethnic groups and a dynamic of boundary making among co-ethnics: An experience from Croatian Istria

In this article, we explore ethnic group boundaries within a context of contemporary Istria. It is maintained that the local population of Istria has a strong regional identity and that boundaries between the members of local Croat majority and the researched minority and immigrant groups are characterised by blurred group boundaries. It is argued that these people are engaged in multiple forms of boundary making which challenge the ethno-national understanding of entitlement to the in-group membership in a local imagined community. Among other things, it is indicated in the article that ethnic minority groups, such as Italians in Istria, who make a large effort in boundary making to maintain their cultural heritage, are preferred by the ethnic majority as full-fledged members of the local community than certain groups of co-ethnics. The study is based on extensive qualitative data material gathered in Croatia in the period 2009–2013. The ethnographic material comprises 45 interviews with domicile ethnic Croats, domicile members of the Italian minority and Bosnian–Herzegovinian migrants residing in Croatia and Istria.

"Poljubiti babo" : o slovanskem in predslovanskem mitskem liku

Prispevek obravnava segment ustnega izročila o krajini Krasa, in sicer del, ki se navezuje na kamnite monolite po imenu Baba. Dosedanje raziskave so nakazovale analogije babe po vsem slovanskem svetu, zaradi cesar je bilo mogoče interpretirati folklorni lik babe kot ostanek določenih slovanskih mitičnih predstav. Novost pričujoče razprave je v odkritju novih vzporednic specifično kraškemu izročilu, ki presegajo zgolj slovanske okvire in s tem odpirajo nove možnosti interpretacij.

Cherry leafroll virus: Impact on olive fruit and virgin olive oil quality

AbstractWe performed a survey on the yield, quality, and chemical characteristics of virgin olive oils from two olive varieties in Croatian Istria: Frantoio and Ascolana tenera, on Cherry leafroll virus‐infected and virus‐noninfected trees and on two harvest dates. Free acidity, peroxide value, specific spectrophotometric absorptions at 232 and 270 nm, fatty acid composition, total phenols, o‐diphenols, oil color, and pigments were determined. Infected olives had lower oil yield and maturity index versus healthy ones. Oils from infected fruits had significant lower value of K232 and K270 and very elevated total phenols content compared to those obtained from healthy olives. Infected Frantoio gave a lower content of o‐diphenols than the healthy ones, which is in contrast to infected Ascolana that had higher values. The aim of this study is to determine the chemical changes in virgin olive oils from healthy and infected trees related to virus influence. According to our knowledge, this is the first survey on the possible influence of viruses on olive fruits, oil yield, and virgin olive oil quality.Practical applications: There are only few papers which analyze the influence of viruses on crops (especially influence on wine quality) and their effects on yield or other agronomic parameters. This work evaluates for the first time the impact of Cherry leafroll virus on the quality of virgin olive oil obtained from Frantoio and A. tenera varieties in terms of basic parameters related to the hydrolitic and oxidative status, content in antioxidant compounds, and in pigments as well as in fatty acid composition.

Detection of viruses in olive trees in Croatian Istria.

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DNA fingerprinting of olive varieties in Istria (Croatia) by microsatellite markers

The Istria region, where olives have been cultivated for many centuries, is characterized by a considerable variety of microclimates. The study of varieties traditionally cultivated in Croatian Istria and their relationships with varieties in historically and geographically connected regions is very important in order to identify native olive germplasm, well adapted to local conditions, and to characterize the oil of regional origin. Twelve olive microsatellite markers were used for identification and differentiation of a set of 27 olive accessions grown in Istria (Croatia). Among the 27 accessions, 18 different SSR profiles were discriminated. All 12 microsatellite markers analysed were polymorphic, revealing a total of 81 alleles. The number of alleles per locus ranged from four to nine. This is the first molecular characterization of olive germplasm in Croatian Istria. The analysis clarified the genetic relationships of varieties native to Croatian Istria with introduced olive varieties, as well as with varieties in the neighbouring Slovene Istria region. Numerous varieties in neighbouring regions showed high similarity and a few cases of synonymy (‘Bilica’-‘Bjankera’; ‘Buga’-‘Črna’) and one Croatian-Slovenian homonymy (‘Buža’-‘Buga’) were observed. The results provide useful information for a native germplasm survey and can be used for the construction of a unique database comprising all olive varieties in the Istrian region of Croatia and Slovenia.

Genealogical study of myotonic dystrophy in Istria (Croatia)

High prevalence of myotonic dystrophy (DM) of 18.1 per 100,000 has been found in Croatian region Istria, a region where a great mixture of nations occurred over the last three centuries. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis of common ancestry in Istrian DM families. Pedigrees were constructed on the basis of extensive family history obtained from the patients in all Istrian DM families. Church records were consulted in order to improve genealogical reconstruction. Additionally, we performed haplotype analyses with two intragenic and three extragenic DNA polymorphic markers. A common ancestor couple for three of nine nucleus families was found eight generations backward, which was supported by haplotype analysis. In spite of finding an evidence of common ancestry in Croatian Istria we argue that the phenomenon of founder effect is not sufficient to explain the high DM prevalence in Istria.

Making Sense of Memory Monuments and Landscape in Croatian Istria

When the actual terror is over, how do you reconcile without trying to pay back? With the falling apart of Yugoslavia, past, suppressed injustices remerged and were frequently used to connect the present with bitter memories. In the ethnically diverse region of Istria, however, it has been difficult for any group to claim its interpretation of history to be superior to others. Seeking to explain the Istrian case and within it the role of the esuli, the A. juxtaposes the material discourse represented by monuments with the workings of memory and the dynamics which jostle sleeping, hidden, or private memory into public discourse. He argues that in Istria, the absence of an ethnic master narrative, and the coexistence of many different groups sharing the territory has been useful for keeping nightmarish memory of ethnic violence at bay. Instead, place has come to matter more than history. Within landscapes and monuments, experiences of terror and narratives of martyrdom find a resting place, however uneasy.

Depopulacija sjeverne hrvatske Istre

Članek se ukvarja z demografskim razvojem hrvaške Istre v obdobju 1948-1991. Poudarek je na problematiki depopulacije kot prevladujočemu pojavu. Posledica depopulacije je neugodna starostna sestava prebivalstva na večini državnega teritorija. Kot mogoča in realna perspektiva se kaže izumiranje posameznih območij.

Vegetation of trampled soil dominated by C4 plants in Europe

Abstract. Plant communities of trampled soil dominated by plants characterized by the C4‐assimilation syndrome were investigated in Europe. These species, belonging to genera such as Chamaesyce, Amaranthus, Eleusine, Eragrostis and Setaria, are thermophilous, late‐germinating, prostrate herbs or grasses. The centre of their distribution is in the (Sub)Tropics. A syntaxonomic revision of the phytosociological material from Europe (incl. the Macaronesian Archipelago) revealed three alliances: the Euphorbion prostratae from Spain, the Polycarpo‐Eleusinion indicae from Italy, and Slovenian and Croatian Istria, and the Eragrostio‐Polygonion arenastri from temperate regions of Europe. The latter two syntaxa are described as new. All three alliances belong to the order Eragrostietalia (class Stellarietea mediae). Vicarious (ecologically analogous) communities occur also in southern Africa, eastern Asia and North America. The communities studied in the present paper are considered to be an impoverished form of highly diversified trampled plant communities typical of (sub)tropical areas.