Critical Key Performance Indicators Research Articles

In search of key performance indicators of regional competitiveness in the European Union

AbstractThis study investigates key performance indicators (KPIs) affecting regional competitiveness in the European Union (EU) and compares its performance across two groups of EU regions identified by their development phase based on the path dependence argument. Utilizing 40 indicators from the Regional Competitiveness Index (RCI) across 268 NUTS2 regions, it identifies five critical KPIs: Knowledge workers, Employment rate, Labor productivity, Potential market size, and not in education, employment, or training. The classification and regression tree decision tree reveals the labor market efficiency pillar as crucial for RCI classification. Offering unique insights into RCI indicators and their impact, this research provides a policy‐oriented perspective and suggests avenues for further comparative research.

Collaborative Approach Optimizes Automated-Drilling Performance Measurement

_ This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper OTC 31579, “A Successful Case Study of a Collaborative Approach in Operational Optimization Through Adoption of Automated-Drilling-Performance Measurement,” by Muhammad Afiq Arif Normin, TDE Group, and Azlesham Rosli and Meor M.H.M. Hashim, SPE, Petronas, et al. The paper has not been peer reviewed. Copyright 2022 Offshore Technology Conference. Reproduced by permission. _ This paper discusses the strategy devised, the approach implemented, and the challenges experienced in the adoption and implementation of an automated drilling-performance-measurement (ADPM) system to be used onsite and remotely. The stages of the optimization of the ADPM system are broken down into prespud operations, operations, and post-well analysis. The successful result of this deployment has seen total actual savings of 2.94 days throughout the campaign. From 2016 to 2021, the operator gained 39.03 days of actual savings for their rig fleet. The ADPM Tool The ADPM tool was introduced in 2016 as part of the operator’s digitalization effort. The tool was integrated into operations at the Wells Real-Time Center (WRTC) and was managed by a wells technical application champion (WTAC). With this integration in place, the operator aimed to deliver all wells, whether vertical, horizontal, or extended-reach, in the most consistent and efficient way without jeopardizing the operation’s safety. To ensure the investment bore dividends, this initiative required a major collaborative effort. The tool’s main input is the rig’s real-time surface data obtained by mud-logging sensors. The real-time data are transmitted to the WRTC server in Kuala Lumpur and stored. Access to the data is provided to the ADPM tool to extract the necessary data required for rig-state detection. The secondary input for the ADPM tool is the daily drilling report (DDR) prepared by drilling supervisors at the rig site. The extraction of information from the DDRs serves two purposes: to provide information on the activity performed on the surface not detected by rig-state detection and to provide a reference for ADPM personnel during data processing and quality control. Each activity code and subcode associated with the DDR also is integrated into the ADPM database. Merging both data has provided more insight to the project team because a comparison between the activity reported in the DDRs and the activity detected by the ADPM can be highlighted. During the initial phase of ADPM deployment, a list of the key performance indicators (KPIs) was defined and established by the WTAC. This set of KPIs covered the tripping, drilling, and casing and liner operations necessary to determine invisible lost time (ILT). For tripping operations, the critical KPIs are slip time, tripping-in speed, and tripping-out speed. All KPIs are differentiated as having been performed in cased hole or open hole. Next is on-bottom drilling, with five focused KPIs. Finally, three KPIs were dedicated to the casing and liner operations: slips time, average pipe moving speed, and gross running rate. As with tripping operations, all KPIs were differentiated as having been performed in cased hole or open hole except slips time. All KPIs were computed from a single data source (the real-time data).

P-773 Assessment of the putative impact of culture strategies, oocyte/embryo manipulations, and operators: a retrospective analysis of 3705 blastocyst culture cycles and 2604 single blastocyst transfers

Abstract Study question Do the culture strategies, oocyte/embryo manipulations, and operators impact blastulation-rates per cohort of metaphase-II oocytes (BR per MII-oocytes) and/or live-birth-rates per single-embryo-transfer (LBR per SET)? Summary answer Undisturbed culture improved the BR per MII-oocytes, while culture drop volumes ≥80ml in the well-of-the-well system were associated with increased LBR per untested/euploid blastocyst SET. What is known already IVF lab performance is critical to achieve success in IVF. Yet, while a consensus exists on the main key-performance-indicators (KPIs), namely BR and LBR, and their inherent benchmark values, the strategies to fulfil them are still poorly standardized. The plasticity of human embryos along with the disparities in the patient populations might mask even largely different outcomes across clinics. Therefore, clear guidelines shall outline which procedures to standardize and carefully monitor in IVF laboratories. Here we investigated different embryo culture strategies, manipulations, and operators for their effect on BR and LBR per SET, adjusting the results for all main confounders. Study design, size, duration Retrospective analysis of 3705 cycles with ≥1 MII-oocyte and 2604 SETs (January2019-March2021). BR per MII-oocytes and LBR per SET were the main outcomes. Embryo-twinning was also assessed. The putative impact of culture strategies, manipulations, and operators’ expertise (0-5yr,6-11yr or > 12yr) was determined via regression analyses adjusted for possible confounders (autologous/donated oocytes, age, primary/secondary infertility and duration, sperm factor; for SET: also endometrial preparation, age at transfer, number of consecutive transfer, untested/euploid blastocyst, quality, and day). Participants/materials, setting, methods In donation cycles, only vitrified oocytes were used. In Preimplantation-Genetic-Testing (PGT) cycles, no assisted-hatching was performed and only euploid non-mosaic vitrified-warmed blastocysts were transferred. The culture strategies assessed were undisturbed (Embryoscope, Geri and Embryoscope-plus)/disturbed (KSystems), volume and approach (drops ≤30ml with single-culture or ≥ 80ml with well-of-the-well approaches), humidified/non-humidified atmosphere and media refreshed/not-refreshed. The manipulations assessed were oocyte/blastocyst vitrification (performed/not-performed), oocyte retrieval and denudation performed with oil overlay (yes/not), laser-assisted artificial-shrinkage (performed/not-performed), trophectoderm biopsy (performed/not-performed). Main results and the role of chance The only confounders on BR per MII-oocytes (overall:39.1±26.6%) were sperm factor and oocyte age. The linear regressions showed benefits for humidified atmosphere (unstandardized B-coefficient:+2.9%, p = 0.01), manipulations with oil overlay (+3.9%, p = 0.03) and drops≥80ml with a well-of-the-well approach (+4.3%, p < 0.01). However, only the positive effect of undisturbed incubators was significant when adjusting for confounders [41.7±27.8% (N = 1440 cycles) versus 37.5±25.7% in a disturbed incubator (N = 2265 cycles); unstandardized B-coefficient:+5.6%, 95%CI +3.9% to + 7.3%, standardized beta-coefficient:-0.103,p<0.01]. The main confounders on LBR per SET (overall: N = 1044/2604, 40.1%) were oocyte age, number of consecutive transfer, blastocyst chromosomal status (untested/euploid), quality and day. The univariate logistic regressions showed a benefit for undisturbed incubators (OR:1.3, 95%CI 1.1-1.5, p < 0.01), humidified atmosphere (OR:1.4, 95%CI 1.1-1.7, p < 0.01) and media refresh (OR:1.3, 95% 1.01-1.8, p = 0.05). However, only the use of drops ≥80ml with a well-of-the-well approach rather than drops ≤30ml with a single-culture approach involved an improvement when adjusting for confounders (untested SETs: N = 71/171, 41.5% versus N = 434/1284, 33.8%; euploid SETs: N = 170/316, 53.8% versus N = 369/833, 44.3%; multivariate-OR:1.33, 95%CI 1.12-1.58, adjusted p-value<0.01). This result was confirmed in a sub-analysis across only first patients’ SETs. Lastly, no feature under investigation was associated with embryo-twinning (overall: N = 23/1243, 1.9% and N = 14/1044, 1.3% per pregnancy and delivery, respectively). Limitations, reasons for caution Retrospective single center study. Only ICSI cycles and continuous culture media were assessed. Cleavage stage SETs were excluded. All operators had at least 3yr of experience. Perinatal and gestational outcomes were not evaluated. Wider implications of the findings Real-life data adjusted for confounders may unveil fluctuations in critical KPIs mainly imputable to culture strategies. An impact seldom derives from oocyte/embryo manipulations if experienced operators adopt validated protocols. An accurate interpretation of these evidence shall lead to properly designed studies with problem-solving/progress-building purposes, and guidelines to standardize culture practices. Trial registration number Not applicable

Application of multi-criteria decision making for evaluation of key performance indicators of integrated project delivery and BIM model for an infrastructure transportation project in Western India

Multi-criteria-decision-making is a very effective tool for decision making in complex infrastructure projects. Building-information-modelling (BIM) and integrated-project-delivery (IPD) are adopted by the architecture engineering and construction industry because of their notable benefits to complex infrastructure projects throughout their project life cycle. Poor knowledge of the KPIs hinders integrated BIM and IPD adoption which results in affecting project timelines and budgets. This paper aims at evaluating the key performance indicators (KPI) of IPD and BIM for an infrastructure project of a metro rail construction located in western India. After an extensive literature review and experts’ opinions, a list of 24 KPI was identified. Further, factor comparison method and fuzzy decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory were utilized to prioritize the identified KPIs and disclose their interrelationships based on influential weight, respectively. The findings revealed the 16 most critical key performance indicators (MCKPI) which are vital for BIM and IPD adoption in highly complex infrastructure projects. Their interrelationship was represented by a causal diagram showing cause and effects groups. The results indicated the four most influential and critical KPIs. They were accessibility and accuracy of information by BIM, facilitating access to real-time data, interoperability and compatibility of data, and minimizing claims and disputes. Hence, more consideration should be given to the MCKPIs to enhance the project performance of complex infrastructure projects like metro rail construction.

Delay-Aware Resource Allocation for 5G Wireless Networks With Wireless Power Transfer

For 5G wireless networks, low latency and high energy efficiency are two of the most critical key performance indicators. In this work, we propose a framework to consider these requirements simultaneously by applying the notions of effective capacity, effective energy efficiency, and simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT). At first, we define the effective capacity and the effective energy efficiency of SWIPT in multiuser orthogonal frequency division multiple access systems by considering two practical schemes of SWIPT: time switching (TS) and power splitting (PS). Afterwards, we formulate two resource allocation problems to maximize the effective capacity and effective energy efficiency, respectively, subject to three constraints: minimum harvested power, average sum transmit power, and delay quality of service. Numerical results illustrate that there is a fundamental tradeoff between harvested power and the performance in terms of effective capacity and effective energy efficiency. Moreover, the efficiency of PS scheme over TS greatly depends on the minimum required harvested power and the number of users.

Overall Performance Improvement of an Small Scale Venture Using Critical Key Performance Indicators

Inventory theory and supply chain management have become important to small businesses in order to improve an organization’s competitive strength and survival. The rapid growth of small businesses of late has seen them to face a challenge in managing their inventory effectively and efficiently. A study was carried out in F.E. (Private) limited a pioneer in distribution of electrical equipments based in Chennai, whose two major challenges were, stock-out and excess stock due to uncertainty in demand. The organization wanted to develop its performance and overall efficiency by considering a change in the inventory policy. The main aim of this research is to attain operational excellence through inventory management and measure its effectiveness using critical key performance indicators. A new inventory policy was developed to improve the inventory turns and measure its performance after implementing the new inventory policy. The results revealed that the implementation of new inventory policy helped to save over Rs. 2.25 lakhs per month in terms of total inventory carrying cost to the selected organization.

Towards a simplified performance-linked value for money model as a reference point for bus contract payments

The burgeoning commitment to contracting the delivery of bus services through competitive tendering or negotiated performance-based contracts has been accompanied by as many contract payments schemes as there are contracts. We are now well placed to design a simplified performance-linked payment (SPLP) model that can be used as a reference point to ensure value for money, given the accumulation of experiences throughout the world which have revealed substantive common elements in contracts. Whether the payment to the operator is framed as a payment per passenger or as a payment per service kilometre, the SPLP identifies efficient subsidy outcomes that are linked to a proxy indicator of net social benefit per dollar of subsidy. We illustrate how the SPLP model can be applied to obtain the gross (subsidy) cost per passenger (or per passenger km) from measures of gross cost efficiency and network effectiveness. This model can then be used as part of a benchmarking activity to identify reference value of money prospects in respect of passengers per $ subsidy outlay by adjusting for influences not under the control of the service provider. A single framework to identify contract payments to operators, and to assess (i.e., benchmark) operator performance on critical KPIs, is provided by internalising critical key performance indicators (KPIs) in the design of the SPLP. The proposed SPLP model is sufficiently general to be independent of the procurement method (competitive tendered or negotiated, for example) and of the treatment of revenue allocation (net or gross based contracts), with the additional advantage of being able to assess value for money for government.

Developing key performance indicators for supply chain: an industry perspective

PurposeMeasuring or monitoring supply chain performance reveals the gap between planning and execution and helps companies to identify potential problems and areas for improvement. However, it is recognized that developing key performance indicators (KPIs), or metrics, is very challenging and a set of practical guidelines is not readily available for companies and supply chain management (SCM) practitioners. This paper seeks to offer a practical approach to performance measurement and to present a list of essential KPIs.Design/methodology/approachThis paper offers insights from industry in the area of supply chain performance measurement and a practical approach to developing performance metrics.FindingsThe experience from, and the review of, industry standards and best practices in supply chain performance measurement suggest that “less is better” as to developing performance metrics. Companies should focus on only a small list of KPIs which are critical for their operations management, customer service, and financial viability. Potential KPIs should be developed for each of the supply chain operations‐reference (SCOR) model's four meta‐processes (plan, source, make, and delivery) and need to be hierarchically grouped such as primary and secondary metrics.Practical implicationsThe paper offers a background of why performance measurement is necessary for SCM success, pragmatic guidelines for designing and implementing performance metrics, and critical KPIs with the definition, examples, and computation mechanism.Originality/valueDespite the importance of performance measurement for successful SCM, many companies wonder how to put performance metrics in place and make them work in practice. This paper offers an industry‐oriented, practical approach to performance measurement in SCM contexts and proposes key performance metrics which can be easily adapted for different businesses.