Critical Evidence Research Articles

Stakeholder analysis of banning unhealthy product advertisement in Iran

BackgroundThe advertising of unhealthy products, including unhealthy foods, drugs with abuse potential, certain cosmetic products and services, and tobacco, has raised significant public health concerns due to its role in increasing consumption and contributing to the rise of non-communicable diseases. Policy development and enforcement in this area necessitate an in-depth analysis of the relevant stakeholders. This study aims to examine the stakeholders involved in regulating the advertisement of unhealthy products in Iran, providing critical evidence for shaping advertising regulations and reducing the societal consumption of such products.MethodsThis qualitative study, conducted in 2022, involved 18 experts experienced in the area of unhealthy product advertisement in Iran. Participants were selected through purposive and snowball sampling methods. The stakeholders' roles, power, positions, and interests were analyzed using Schmeer's guidelines.Results17 stakeholders were identified as relevant to the ban on unhealthy product advertisements, of whom 14 were classified as active and three as inactive. Key stakeholders included radio and television broadcasters, the Ministries of Health, Culture, and Industry, as well as political institutions. The Ministry of Health (MOHME) emerged as a leading advocate for the ban, while the Ministries of Culture and Industry, along with political institutions, were identified as possessing significant power with moderate support for the policy. In contrast, broadcasters and social media platforms were powerful opponents of the ban.ConclusionsThe study underscores the pivotal role of stakeholders with high power and medium interest in the success of policies aimed at banning unhealthy product advertisements. Key challenges included conflicts of interest, insufficient penalties for organizations violating advertising regulations, organizational disputes, limited human and financial resources, lack of clear implementation guidelines, weak community engagement, and inadequate oversight. Engaging key stakeholders effectively could mitigate these obstacles and facilitate more effective health policy interventions in the future.

Chinese expert consensus on tunneled technique for peripherally inserted central venous catheters.

To formulate an expert consensus on an evidence-based overview of all topics related to the Tunneled Peripherally Inserted Central Venous Catheters. A Chinese consensus based on evidence has provided a definition and indications for Tunneled Peripherally Inserted Central Venous Catheters. The literature on Tunneled Peripherally Inserted Central Venous Catheter was reviewed from its inception to March 2024. The indications were developed using the RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method. This consensus presents five indications for Tunneled Peripherally Inserted Central Venous Catheters, covering tunneling definitions, key processes, tunneling devices, various applications, and maintenance. The indications aim to enhance patient safety and optimize the efficacy of tunneled peripherally inserted central venous catheters. This consensus is based on critical evidence review and the clinical experts aimed to assist clinicians in applying tunneling techniques. Further prospective studies are needed to evaluate the impact of complications related to the tunneling technique.

Transitional probabilities outweigh frequency of occurrence in statistical learning of simultaneously presented visual shapes.

Statistical learning is a mechanism for detecting associations among co-occurring elements in many domains and species. A key controversy is whether it leads to memory for discrete chunks composed of these associated elements, or merely to pairwise associations among elements. Critical evidence for the mere-association view comes from the "phantom-word" phenomenon, where learners recognize statistically coherent but unattested items better than actually presented items with weaker internal associations, suggesting that they prioritize pairwise associations over memories for discrete units. However, this phenomenon has only been demonstrated for sequentially presented stimuli, but not for simultaneously presented visual shapes, where learners might prioritize discrete units over pairwise associations. Here, I ask whether the phantom-word phenomenon can be observed with simultaneously presented visual shapes. Learners were familiarized with scenes combining two triplets of visual shapes (hereafter "words"). They were then tested on their recognition of these words vs. part-words (attested items with weaker internal associations), of phantom-words (unattested items with strong internal associations) vs. part-words, and of words vs. phantom-words. Learners preferred both words and phantom-words over part-words and showed no preference for words over phantom-words. This suggests that, as for sequentially input, statistical learning in simultaneously presented shapes leads primarily to pairwise associations rather than to memories for discrete chunks. However, as, in some analyses, the preference for words over part-words was slightly higher than for phantom-words over part-words, the results do not rule out that, for simultaneous presented items, learners might have some limited sensitivity to frequency of occurrence.

The cornerstones of randomized clinical trials.

Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) are pivotal in medical research, offering critical evidence on the efficacy and safety of treatments. This paper explores the distinct purposes and designs of superiority, non-inferiority, equivalence, and pragmatic trials, each addressing unique research questions. Superiority trials aim to demonstrate a new treatment's effectiveness over existing standards, while non-inferiority and equivalence trials focus on ensuring new treatments are not significantly worse or are similar to existing ones, respectively. Pragmatic trials assess interventions in real-world settings. A fundamental ethical principle in RCTs is clinical equipoise, ensuring unbiased treatment allocation. The CONSORT statement provides guidelines for transparent reporting of RCTs, enhancing the reliability of findings. Key methodological considerations include sample size calculation, randomization, blinding, and the choice between intention-to-treat and per-protocol analyses. Stratified analysis and forest plots further aid in understanding treatment effects across diverse populations. By adhering to these principles, RCTs remain a cornerstone of evidence-based medical practice, advancing patient care and outcomes.

Summary of Evidence on Nutritional Management for Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy.

This paper aims to consolidate the most robust evidence on nutritional strategies for patients undergoing chemotherapy, offering evidence-based guidance for clinical practice. The review highlights critical evidence gaps in nutritional therapy for advanced gastric cancer (AGC) patients undergoing systemic therapy, integrating findings from both prospective and retrospective studies. According to the "6S" evidence resource pyramid model, clinical decision-making tools, guidelines, expert consensus, and systematic reviews on nutritional management for chemotherapy patients were systematically retrieved from national and international databases. The methodological quality of the selected literature was evaluated using AGREE II for guidelines, the JBI Evidence-Based Healthcare Center's standards for systematic reviews, and expert consensus developed by evidence-based practice experts. A total of 47 articles were analyzed, consisting of 12 guidelines, 12 expert consensus statements, and 23 systematic reviews. The findings were categorized into five dimensions: interdisciplinary collaboration, nutritional screening and assessment, nutritional requirements, nutritional therapy, and discharge and follow-up, resulting in the identification of 62 pieces of relevant evidence. The study provides comprehensive, evidence-based recommendations for nutritional management in chemotherapy patients. Application of the evidence should be adapted to specific clinical scenarios, patient conditions, preferences, and expert judgment to ensure both feasibility and relevance in clinical practice. This review consolidates diverse nutritional management strategies into a unified framework, addressing evidence gaps in AGC under systemic therapy. Integrating prospective and retrospective studies with interdisciplinary insights provides evidence-based recommendations to enhance patient care through personalized and standardized approaches.

Governance of Waste Batteries as a Circular Resource: The Role of Policy Actors and Stakeholder Collaboration

Objectives : The study aims to address the gap in research on governance strategies for managing used electric vehicle (EV) batteries in Korea. The goal is to explore strategies that enhance governance and promote a sustainable ecosystem for used batteries, positioning them as a circular resource to aid in reducing greenhouse gas emissions in the transportation sector.Methods : An expert survey involving 37 respondents was conducted to gather insights into the governance models for EV battery management. The survey sought to identify key actors and preferred governance models necessary to establish a comprehensive ecosystem for used batteries.Results and Discussion : The survey results revealed that companies (54%) were identified as the primary actors needing adjustments and expanded authority in EV battery governance, followed by the central government (40%) and local governments (5%). Regarding preferred governance models, the Business-to-Government (B2G) model was the most favored (40%), followed by Business-to-Central Government (B2CG) (37%), Business-to-Local Government (B2LG) (16%), and Central Government-to-Local Government (CG2LG) (5%). These findings emphasize the importance of cooperative governance in fostering the growth of the EV battery industry.Conclusion : The study provides valuable insights for developing a sustainable ecosystem for used batteries as a circular resource. The findings offer critical evidence to inform policy formulation, underscoring the need for a collaborative governance framework to support industry growth and sustainability.

Oxidative Stress Mechanism by Gold Compounds: A Close Look at Total ROS Increase and the Inhibition of Antioxidant Enzymes.

The antitumor activity of various gold compounds is a promising field of investigation, attracting researchers seeking potential clinical candidates. To advance this research, they explore the complex mechanisms of action of these compounds. Since the discovery of the strong inhibition of thioredoxin reductase by auranofin, the primary mechanism explored has been the inhibition of this enzyme. This inhibition disrupts the redox balance in cells, promoting oxidative stress and triggering cell death. In this review, we analyzed studies from the past decade that measured cellular ROS increase and examined the coordination structures of gold compounds. We also correlate ROS increase with the inhibition of redox-regulating enzymes, thioredoxin reductase, and glutathione reductase, to elucidate the relationship between these cellular effects and chemical structures. Our data compilation reveals that different structures exhibit varying efficacy: some significantly increase ROS production and inhibit thioredoxin reductase or glutathione reductase, while others elevate ROS levels without affecting these target enzymes, suggesting alternative mechanisms of action. This review consolidates critical evidence, enhancing our understanding of the mechanisms by which these gold complexes act and providing valuable insights for developing new therapeutic strategies against tumor cells.

Combined Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analyses Reveal the Mechanisms by Which the Interaction Between Sulfur and Nitrogen Affects Garlic Yield and Quality

Nitrogen and sulfur are essential macronutrients in plant growth and development, and their interaction profoundly influences gene expression, metabolic activities, and adaptability in plants, directly affecting plant growth and yield. Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is a crop of significant economic and medicinal value. However, despite the critical role of the nitrogen–sulfur interaction in garlic’s adaptability, yield, and quality, the specific mechanisms underlying these effects remain unclear. In this study, transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses were employed to investigate the effects of combined sulfur and nitrogen application on garlic bulb tissues. The results show that the combined application of sulfur and nitrogen significantly increased the diameter and weight of garlic bulbs by 14.96% and 35.47%, respectively. The content of alliin increased by 28.48%, while the levels of abscisic acid (ABA), jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid (SA), and gibberellin (GA) increased by 15.82%, 12.94%, 32.34%, and 48.13%, respectively. Additionally, the activities of alliinase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) were enhanced by 7.93%, 4.48%, and 19.74%, respectively. Moreover, the application of sulfur and nitrogen significantly reduced the malondialdehyde (MDA) content and peroxidase (POD) activity in garlic bulbs by 29.66% and 9.42%, respectively, thereby improving garlic’s adaptability and growth potential. Transcriptomic analysis revealed differentially expressed genes in several key pathways, including plant hormone signal transduction, RNA degradation, glutathione metabolism, amino acid biosynthesis, and glycerophospholipid metabolism. Metabolomic analysis identified 80 differentially abundant metabolites primarily consisting of amino acids, indole carboxylic acids, and fatty acids. The integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses highlighted the pivotal roles of glutathione metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, and amino acid biosynthesis pathways in the synergistic effects of sulfur and nitrogen. This study not only provides critical scientific evidence for understanding the mechanisms underlying the nitrogen–sulfur interaction’s impact on the yield and quality of garlic but also offers a scientific basis for optimizing nutrient management strategies to enhance garlic yield and quality.

Going the extra mile: Unveiling the roots of franchisee organisational citizenship behaviours in franchise systems

While researchers and practitioners have recognised the essential role of employee organisational citizenship behaviours (OCBs), there is an absence of their consideration within franchise systems as a unique context. We aim to address this gap by exploring the nature of franchisee OCBs and their antecedents. Through a set of semi-structured qualitative interviews, we find critical new evidence, not only of the existence of franchisee OCBs but also of franchisor OCBs, reflecting the reciprocal character of franchise relationships. Further, we reveal frequent shifts of franchisee OCBs from one referent to another, often from the franchisor to franchisee peers, or even industry groups outside the franchisor-franchisee dyad, in the wake of disappointed interactions with the franchisor. Ultimately, we point at the critical role of the franchisor’s field consultant as the liaison person who appears frequently mismanaged by franchisors in the eyes of franchisees.

A novel highly thermally stable phosphor powder Ba2LuSbO6: Eu3+ for latent fingerprint visualization

In modern forensic science, fingerprints are critical evidence due to their uniqueness and difficulty to replicate. However, it is challenging to observe and identify some latent fingerprints (LFP), because alternative processing methods for recognition are often required. The use of Eu3+-doped phosphors, which emit red-orange light, presents an effective approach for enhancing the visibility of LFP. Eu3+-doped Ba2LuSbO6 (BLSO) phosphors were synthesized using a high-temperature solid-state method, aiming to improve the recognition of LFP for enhanced fingerprint identification. The phase structure of the fluorescent powder samples was analyzed through X-ray diffraction (XRD) combined with Rietveld refinement, as well as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Photoluminescence spectra of Ba2LuSbO6: xEu3+ phosphor samples exhibit orange-red emission peaks at 595 and 618 nm when excited by 250 nm deep ultraviolet light. Concentration quenching is observed at a doping concentration of 20 mol%. The Ba2LuSbO6: 0.2Eu3+ phosphor sample demonstrates exceptional thermal stability, with value of 92.50% at 423 K. The quantum efficiency of the Ba2LuSbO6: 0.2Eu3+ phosphor sample was evaluated using an integrating sphere, yielding an IQE of 79.34%. In order to visualize latent fingerprints (LFPs), hydrophilic BLSO: 0.2Eu3+ phosphors were transformed into hydrophobic BLSO: 0.2Eu3+@OA phosphors through a coating of oleic acid (OA). The BLSO: 0.2Eu3+@OA phosphor proves capable of generating dependable LFP fluorescence images with superior contrast and resolution. These findings underscore the significant potential for application of BLSO: 0.2Eu3+ products LFP visualization.

Latent-TGF-β has a domain swapped architecture.

The multifunctional cytokine TGF-b is produced in a latent form (L-TGF-b) where a RGD containing homodimeric prodomain forms a "ring" encircling mature TGF-b, shielding it from its receptors. Thus L-TGF-b must be activated to function, a process driven by dynamic allostery resulting from integrin binding the L-TGF-b RGD motif. Here we provide critical evidence that defines a domain-swapped architecture of L-TGF-b, an essential component in the dynamic allostery mechanism of L-TGF-b activation.

Rapid shear zone weakening during subduction initiation

Subduction zones play a pivotal role in the mechanics of plate tectonics by providing the driving force through slab pull and weak megathrusts that facilitate the relative motion between tectonic plates. The initiation of subduction zones is intricately linked to the accumulation of slab pull and development of weakness at plate boundaries and, by consequence, the largest changes in the energetics of mantle convection. However, the transient nature of subduction initiation accompanied by intense subsequent tectonic activity, leaves critical evidence poorly preserved and making subduction initiation difficult to constrain. We overcome these limitations through a comprehensive analysis focused on Puysegur, a well-constrained extant example of subduction initiation offshore South Island, New Zealand. Through time-dependent, three-dimensional thermo-mechanical computations and quantitative comparison to new geophysical and geological observations, including topography, stratigraphy, and seismicity, we demonstrate that subduction initiation develops with a fast strain weakening described with a small characteristic displacement ([Formula: see text] 4 to 8 km). Potential physical mechanisms contributing to the strain weakening are explored and we find that the observed fast weakening may arise through a combination of grain-size reduction within the lower lithosphere and fluid pressurization at shallower depths. With the shared commonality in the underlying physics of tectonic processes, the rapid strain weakening constrained at Puysegur offers insights into the formation of the first subduction during early Earth and the onset of plate tectonics.

EarthCODE – ESA’s Earth Science Collaborative Open Development Environment

Abstract. Earth Observations (EO) have become crucial for advancing climate and Earth System research, enabling significant scientific discoveries. Advanced EO missions, such as ESA’s Earth Explorers and the EU's Copernicus Programme, provide vast data volumes and continuous and global observations with cutting-edge technology, a vital resource for understanding processes and interactions within Earth's sub-systems, offering critical evidence of climate change impacts on society and ecosystems. Open access to such data products has been instrumental in facilitating global scientific collaboration and innovation. Reproducibility in Earth Science is essential for validating discoveries, enabling the scientific community to trust and build upon each other’s work. Open data, coupled with open-source software, is key to achieving this reproducibility, ensuring transparency, and facilitating peer review. Addressing scientific challenges requires collaborative efforts supported by fit-for-purpose technology to enable new insights and ensuring they are FAIR (findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable), trustable and up to date, supporting long-term climate studies and action-driven science. Several initiatives within ESA’s Earth Observation Programme are fostering FAIR and Open Science. EarthCODE is one such initiative, focusing on implementing ESA’s vision of EO Open Science and Innovation by adopting FAIR and Open principles in Earth Science activities funded by ESA’s FutureEO Programme. EarthCODE leverages existing European platform solutions for effective cloud-based analyses of EO data and higher-level geospatial products. It aims to ensure the persistence of end-to-end scientific workflows and provide means for managing open research data, including data, code, and documentation. EarthCODE aims to make Earth Science research more reproducible, transparent, and collaborative, driving progress in understanding and addressing global environmental challenges.

An observational analysis of the impact of deltamethrin + piperonyl butoxide insecticide-treated nets on malaria case incidence and entomological indicators in Ebonyi State, Nigeria, 2017–2021

BackgroundIntense pyrethroid resistance threatens the effectiveness of the primary vector control intervention, insecticide-treated nets (ITNs), in Nigeria, the country with the largest malaria burden globally. In this study, the epidemiological and entomological impact of a new type of ITN (piperonyl-butoxide [PBO] ITNs) distributed in Ebonyi State were evaluated. The epidemiological impact was also compared to the impact of standard pyrethroid-only ITNs in Cross River State.MethodsA controlled interrupted time series analysis was conducted on monthly malaria incidence data collected at the health facility level, using a multilevel mixed-effects negative binomial model. Data were analysed two years before and after the PBO ITN campaign in Ebonyi State (December 2017 to November 2021). A pre-post analysis, with no comparison group, was used to assess the impact of PBO ITNs on human biting rates and indoor resting density in Ebonyi during the high transmission season immediately before and after the PBO ITN campaign.ResultsIn Ebonyi, PBO ITNs were associated with a 46.7% decrease (95%CI: -51.5, -40.8%; p < 0.001) in malaria case incidence in the 2 years after the PBO ITN distribution compared to a modelled scenario of no ITNs distributed, with a significant decrease from 269.6 predicted cases per 1000 population to 143.6. In Cross River, there was a significant 28.6% increase (95%CI: -10.4, 49.1%; p < 0.001) in malaria case incidence following the standard ITN distribution, with an increase from 71.2 predicted cases per 1000 population to 91.6. In Ebonyi, the human biting rate was 72% lower (IRR: 0.28; 95%CI 0.21, 0.39; p < 0.001) and indoor resting density was 73% lower (IRR: 0.27; 95%CI 0.21, 0.35; p < 0.001) after the PBO ITNs were distributed.ConclusionsThe epidemiological and entomological impact of the PBO ITNs underscore the impact of these ITNs in areas with confirmed pyrethroid resistance. These findings contribute to ongoing research on the impact of new types of ITNs in Nigeria, providing critical evidence for the Nigeria National Malaria Elimination Programme and other countries for future ITN procurement decisions as part of mass ITN campaign planning and malaria programming.

Organic fluorophores in developing latent fingerprints: an up-to-date review

AbstractFingerprints have been established as legitimate and critical forensic science evidence for identifying criminals beginning as early as the twentieth century. This article details the different types of fingerprints, the broad range of surfaces, and various development techniques available for on-site latent fingerprint collection, with fingerprint fidelity being of prime significance. Fluorescent imaging of latent finger-marks benefits from enhanced sensitivity, selectivity, and reduced reliance on instruments. The review focuses on the topical developments reported on small-molecule organic fluorophores which could be used to develop latent prints through powder, solution, and fuming approaches. These inexpensive luminophores extend wide emission profiles that span the visible spectrum to visualize the latent prints with exceptional resolution, free from any interference originating from the background surface. Further, the critical challenges and prospective scope for future research developments to improve the detection of latent fingerprints using small-molecule fluorophores are also discussed. Graphical abstract

Air quality and tourism orders: a quasi-experimental study

ABSTRACT Using a unique dataset collected from a Chinese online travel agency, we empirically examine the causal effect of air quality on tourism orders by employing a two-step regression-discontinuity design (RDD). The RDD serves as a local randomisation approach that allows us to eliminate the endogeneity concern of air quality. We control for meteorological conditions, city and month fixed effects, and additional social factors specific to the tourist destination. Our empirical results show a range of 49.3% to 51.9% drop in travel orders on the day at the cutoff point where air quality breaks through light to moderate pollution levels (AQI = 150). Furthermore, our empirical results suggest that tourists who select different orders may respond differently to air quality. Our research provides critical empirical evidence, elucidating the additional cost incurred in the tourism sector due to poor air quality.

Cumulative risk and adolescent emotional distress: A longitudinal moderated mediation analysis focusing on perceived stress and social support.

This study provides insights into the roles played by perceived stress and social support in the relationship between cumulative risk exposure (CRE) and adolescent emotional distress. Preregistered longitudinal moderated mediation analyses were used to test hypotheses relating to the association between CRE and later emotional distress; the mediating role of perceived stress in the relationship between CRE and later emotional distress; and, the moderating effects of peer and adult-level family support on the relationship between CRE and later perceived stress, among N = 19,159 adolescents over three annual waves (at ages 11/12, 12/13, 13/14). Analyses revealed that CRE significantly predicted later adolescent emotional distress. This relationship was partially mediated by perceived stress. Both peer and adult-level family support significantly moderated the impact of CRE on later perceived stress (i.e., adolescents reporting higher levels of support perceived significantly lower levels of stress resulting from CRE compared to those reporting lower levels of support). These findings provide critical empirical evidence of the roles played by perceived stress and social support in the relationship between CRE and adolescent emotional distress, with consequent implications for intervention.

New mechanistic insights of nanoplastics synergistic cadmium induced overactivation of trypsin: Joint analysis from protein multi-level conformational changes and computational modeling

Nanoplastics (NPs) are emerging global contaminants that can exacerbate the animal toxicity and cytotoxicity of cadmium (Cd). However, the mechanisms by which NPs influence the toxic effects of Cd on key functional proteins within the body remain unknown. In this study, trypsin, a protein that is prone to coexist with NPs in the digestive tract, was selected as the target protein. The effects and mechanisms of NPs on Cd2+-induced structural damage at multiple levels and alterations in the biological function of trypsin were investigated using multi-spectroscopy techniques, enzyme activity assays, and computational modeling. Results indicated that the Cd2+-induced decrease and red shift of the trypsin backbone peak were exacerbated by the presence of NPs, leading to more serve backbone loosening. Furthermore, compared to Cd2+, NPs@Cd2+ caused a more pronounced reduction in the α-helix content of trypsin. These structural changes led to the opening of the trypsin pocket and the overactivation of the enzyme (NPs@Cd2+: 227.22%; Cd2+: 53.35%). Ultimately, the formation of a “protein corona” around NPs@Cd2+ and the metal contact of Cd2+ to the trypsin surface were identified as the mechanisms by which NPs enhanced the protein toxicity of Cd2+. This study elucidates, for the first time, the effects and underlying mechanisms of NPs on the toxicity of key functional proteins of Cd2+. These findings offer novel mechanistic insights and critical evidence essential for evaluating the risks associated with NPs.

Using Illusions to Track the Emergence of Visual Perception.

Everybody loves illusions. At times, the content on the internet seems to be mostly about illusions-shoes, dresses, straight lines looking bent. This attraction has a long history. Almost 2,000 years ago, Ptolemy marveled at how the sail of a distant boat could appear convex or concave. This sense of marvel continues to drive our fascination with illusions; indeed, few other corners of science can boast of such a large reach. However, illusions not only draw in the crowds; they also offer insights into visual processes. This review starts with a simple definition of illusions as conflicts between perception and cognition, where what we see does not agree with what we believe we should see. This mismatch can be either because cognition has misunderstood how perception works or because perception has misjudged the visual input. It is the perceptual errors that offer the chance to track the development of perception across visual regions. Unfortunately, the effects of illusions in different brain regions cannot be isolated in any simple way: Top-down projections from attention broadcast the expected perceptual properties everywhere, obscuring the critical evidence of where the illusion and perception emerge. The second part of this review then highlights the roadblocks to research raised by attention and describes current solutions for accessing what illusions can offer.

A Cross-Sectional Study Exploring the Impact of Violence on Healthcare Employees' Work Engagement and Meaningful Work.

This study aims to determine the prevalence of workplace violence against healthcare professionals and its effects on work engagement and meaningful work in healthcare settings. This study is designed as an analytical cross-sectional study. This study surveyed 676 healthcare professionals in Turkiye between June and December 2022, using face-to-face and online methods. Scales measured exposure to and witnessing violence, work engagement, and meaningful work. The study has adhered to STROBE guidelines. Statistical analyses included descriptive, correlation, and linear regression. According to the results, shouting and cursing by patients and their companions were determined as the most common type of violence encountered by healthcare professionals. The effect of healthcare professionals' exposure to violence from patients' companion on work engagement and witnessing to violence from colleagues on meaningful work were found to be negative and significant. The findings emphasise the urgent need for interventions addressing workplace violence against healthcare professionals. Since workplace violence significantly reduces work engagement and the sense of meaningful work in healthcare setting. By highlighting the prevalence of workplace violence and its negative impact on both work engagement and meaningful work in healthcare setting, this study provides critical evidence for policymakers and healthcare administrators. The participants in this study were healthcare professionals who had direct contact with patients and their relatives.