Critical Discourse Analysis Approach Research Articles

A Critical Discourse Analysis of Gender Representation in a Cameroonian ESL Textbook

This paper examines a Cameroonian ESL textbook – Mastering English: Student’s Book for Form 1, with the aim of investigating gender representation in this textbook. The study employed a document analysis design because data for the study was collected exclusively from the textbook. Data was collected by observing the images and by reading through the passages, dialogues and sentences in the textbook, and noting the various representations of the male and female genders. The study adopted the Critical Discourse Analysis approach to analyse data related to visibility, occupational roles and firstness in presentation in order to unveil the inequalities and power imbalance between the representation of the male and female genders in the textbook. The findings revealed that the male gender is given more visibility above the female in terms of pictorial and lexical representations. Besides, more occupational roles are assigned to males than to females in the textbook. Males equally dominate the first position in dialogues, common noun, proper noun and pronoun pairs. The study concludes that the dominance of the male over the female gender observed in the textbook is a replication of the gender imbalance that exists in the Cameroonian society. This study therefore brings to the limelight these gender imbalances in Cameroonian textbooks, and recommends that curriculum developers should always endeavour to strike a balance between the representation of the male and the female genders when designing educational materials.

Media construction of pseudo-events: Lula da Silva at the Portugal’s parliament during a historic annual celebration

The Carnation Revolution (25th April 1974) has changed the course of Portugal, leading it to transition from an autocratic to a democratic Government. Every year, celebrations are conducted at the national Parliament. In 2023, it counted with another guest: Lula da Silva, Brazil’s ongoing president. Considering the notion of cultural memory and media construction of social reality through media events, this article notes Lula da Silva’s presence and exceptional address was portrayed on newspaper front pages of several journalistic media outlets. Therefore, it aims at understanding meaning and discourse production with Lula da Silva’s visit to Portugal on the 25th April 2023 through media coverage and first page highlight. Lula da Silva is noticed by the front pages under analysis as a controversial, entertaining, and eventful celebrity linked to specific positioned actors that is invited to the Parliament and prompts indirectly and directly discontentment and, at the same time, support. Also, it discusses how such spotlight over Lula da Silva turned that visit and Parliament’s address it into a pseudo-event. Adopting a Multimodal Critical Discourse Analysis approach, this research work intends to offer a multimodal eye upon those front pages and critically reflect on populism, coloniality, cultural memory, and journalism.

Upmarket boudoirs and red lights: the physical environment of sex workplaces in New Zealand

ABSTRACT The physical environment and location of brothels has been the focus of significant scholarship, although much of the literature focuses on the exterior of these businesses, leaving the interiors as yet under-examined. In New Zealand, there is a tension between decriminalization’s intention that brothels are treated similarly to other businesses, and the enduring stigma which sex work is subject to. To mitigate stigmatization and public condemnation of their businesses, brothel owners sometimes mimic the aesthetic and branding of more mainstream industries. Drawing on data from media texts and interviews with brothel owners and operators, this article examines how ‘mainstreaming’ narratives of respectability and acceptability are produced in the physical space of brothels, particularly their interior décor and design. Media texts were analysed using a critical discourse analysis approach, and interviews using a Foucauldian discourse analysis model, allowing for an understanding of the interplay between the discursive production of the brothel sector and the physical environment of these businesses. We suggest that brothels’ interiors are used as a way of indexing their class status, and explore how this may be used to communicate ideas about the workers employed there, particularly in relation to existing stigmas about prostitution.

Political Preferences Of Young Generation (Gen Y And Gen Z) Ahead Of The Contestation Of The 2024 West Java Governor And Vice Governor Elections

Gen Y (millennials) and Z are predicted to have a vital role in the conduct of General Elections, this cannot be separated from quantitative data-based considerations, specifically their very large proportion of the total number of Voters. Within the context of the 2024 West Java Governor and Vice Governor Elections, such figure is realized to reach 54 percent. Given such background, it is not surprising that all components of interest, in this case the electoral committees, electoral candidates, and including academics are competing in making a more detailed map of the political preferences and voting behavior of gen Y and Z. This study uses a qualitative method and critical discourse analysis approach. This study seeks to show a number of factors in relation to the political preferences of gen Y and Z in the implementation of democratic mechanisms, specifically General Elections. These political preferences of gen Y and Z are mapped out through survey data, those survey data are analyzed in depth through the theory of voting behavior. This study is expected to be a reference for electoral committees and electoral candidates in the formulation of strategic policies to improve gen Y and Z's participation and involvement in electoral politics.

UNVEILING GENDER BIAS: AN ANALYSIS THE DECONSTRUCTION OF MEANING IN ADVERTISING THROUGH CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS

Society's current views on gender equality have become a crucial topic of in-depth discussion, especially those widely promoted by modern society in advertising. It proves that the meaning of gender equality recognized in society has shifted from its true meaning. This research aims to raise the issue of gender equality by deconstructing the meaning of gender equality in advertising from a feminist perspective using Critical Discourse Analysis. This research uses a descriptive qualitative research design with a critical discourse analysis approach by Fairclough, which focuses on three dimensions: the textual, discursive, and sociocultural practice dimensions. The data collection technique in this research uses the SBLC (Simak Bebas Libat Cakap) and note-taking techniques, in which the researcher listens to the utterances contained in the advertisement and records the utterances that will be used as data objects. Data sources were obtained from advertisements published on YouTube, totaling four advertisements with the theme of gender equality. The results of this study provide a deep understanding of the meaning of gender equality in the media and society. They can build different stereotypes or realities and be well-accepted by society. In addition, the deconstruction of meaning allows us as researchers or academics to look more critically at the discourse in these advertisements and whether gender equality always puts men in a position that dominates women.

Decoding the apple paradox: a critical discourse analysis of gender, technology, and nationalism in China’s digital space

This research explores the intricate nexus of gender, technology, nationalism, and misogyny within the context of China’s digital realm. Positioned against the backdrop of an internet celebrity’s accusation towards Apple, the study critically examines a uniquely crafted narrative that adds socio-cultural dimensions to Apple’s perceived network misrepresentations. Female iPhone users are strategically criticized as intellectually inferior influencers of societal contributions, reflecting prevalent discussions regarding 5G technology. The narrative further stigmatizes female iPhone users with implications of involvement in sex work, leading to significant brand implications. Rooted in the framework of Feminist Critical Discourse Analysis (FCDA) and assisted with the approach of corpus-assisted critical discourse analysis (CADA), this study deciphers the complex narrative, focusing on themes of cyber misogyny, economic stratification, and nationalism. The research further reveals how this criticism toward female iPhone users extends beyond mere resentment, unveiling deeper foundations of nationalism and threat perceptions toward traditional phallocentric dominance. The term “traitors” allocated to female iPhone users rationalizes the ongoing assaults as patriotic endeavors, bellwethering toxic nationalism that marginalizes minoritized individuals. This scholarly examination underscores social media platforms, with a focus on Douyin, as potent venues for reinforcing gender bias, particularly through their algorithmic recommendations, content moderation practices, and governance models. This delineation emphasizes the critical need for ongoing sociocultural and digital discourse to challenge and mitigate these dominant, biased narratives.

Mistrust: conservative rhetoric in the Oireachtas 2018 abortion debates

ABSTRACT In 2018, the Eighth Amendment to the Constitution of Ireland, which had prohibited abortion except under certain severe circumstances, was repealed by an overwhelming majority of voters in a national referendum. This article addresses opposition in the Oireachtas to the liberal changes to the abortion legislation that preceded and followed the referendum. By employing a critical discourse analysis approach, I identify characteristically conservative rhetoric and arguments used in the debates. Furthermore, I adopt an analytical framework provided by Albert O. Hirschman to argue that the opposing rhetoric employed wasrooted in the conservative tradition: the opponents of the abortion legislation argued both that the changes to the legislation will have the opposite result than intended and lead to unacceptable consequences. The legislation will not only harm society but also undermine the interests of women. I conclude that the opposition to the legislation was based on a mistrust of women, their agency and self-determination. The study aims to shed light on how core ideas of conservatism, such as opposition to ‘excessive’ equality, manifested in the contemporary political debates on abortion and how, ultimately, the rhetoric in the Irish debates fits within the larger framework of conservatism as a school of thought.

A MAN IN ROMANCE: THE PORTRAYAL OF THE MALE PROTAGONIST IN NETFLIX’S SERIES “BRIDGERTON” SEASON 1 (2020)

Gender research in the media focuses more on the representation of women and neglects that of men (Brooks & Hébert, 2006; Kimmel et al., 2004). Little research has been conducted to examine the representation of men’s psychological aspects, such as feelings, affection and personality. This paper analyzes Netflix's series Bridgerton Season 1 using a critical discourse analysis approach, to explore how the male protagonist is portrayed visually and linguistically in romance. The findings reveal that while the male protagonist is portrayed as having vulnerabilities and insecurities in love and marriage, he is ultimately depicted with stereotypical masculine traits associated with patriarchal power. Although this depiction of the male protagonist may encourage the audience to embrace the multiplicity of masculinity, it could reinforce male gender norms and raise harmful social expectations on men.

INSIDEN PENURUNAN BANNER PEOPLE’S JUSTICE DI DOCUMENTA FIFTEEN DAN PERINTANG KOMUNIKASI ANTARBUDAYA

On 20 June 2022, Indonesian artists and art observers were shocked by the news that Taring Padi’s banner artwork entitled People’s Justice exhibited at Documenta Fifteen was interpreted by protesters as containing anti-Semitic elements. Taring Padi explained that his work was based on Indonesia’s political landscape during the New Order regime and had nothing to do with anti-Semitism. However, the banner was eventually dismantled on 21 June 2022. This brought up several interesting research questions pertaining to the chronological account of the incident, the causes of the incident, and actions that should have been taken by Taring Padi as a cultural agent. This research applied the qualitative method with critical discourse analysis approach. Results found that the incident occurred because of two main reasons. Firstly, the protesters were unwilling to ask the artist for any clarification and explanation. Secondly, Taring Padi was ignorant about elements which could be considered anti-Semitic because the concept is not particularly well-known in Indonesia. People’s Justice could actually serve as a medium for initiating dialogues between fellow artists and their audience. However, this work has potential drawbacks because it contains potentially misunderstood antagonism that narrows the interpretive space. This incident could have been prevented if the artist had provided sufficient room for dialogic interpretation and if the audience had been more open-minded, through which discursive encounters can be held to understand each other’s cultural and societal problems.

Hybridity and Paradox: The Cultural Bridge of Gen Z (A Critical Multimodal Discourse Analysis on the X Account @Aniesbubble)

Social media, such as Twitter, enable immediate and delayed interaction with a wide audience. Online personas of political figures, such as the X account @aniesbubble, are in the spotlight in the 2024 election campaign, especially in attracting the attention of potential young voters in Indonesia. This research aims to ana-lyze the critical multimodal discourse on X @aniesbubble account in the context of the 2024 election political campaign. The main focus is to understand how multimodal ele-ments are used to shape opinions and interactions with audiences, as well as the implica-tions of using this strategy in cultural and political contexts. This research uses a qualita-tive method with a multimodal critical discourse analysis approach. The main data was taken from the X @aniesbubble account in the time period before the general election until the determination of the election winner. The analysis was conducted based on Norman Fairclough's theory, which includes three levels of analysis: text, discursive practice and social praxis. Additional data was obtained from relevant books, news articles, and journal articles. The research found that the @aniesbubble X account succeeded in creating an authentic and attractive political persona for the younger generation through the use of glocalization and cultural hybridity strategies. The account also demonstrates the dynamic interaction between global and local influences, and is able to convert social capital into economic capital through the active participation of fans. The findings suggest that social media plays an important role in shaping political and cultural narratives.

Dissecting Gender Bias: Critical Discourse Analysis of Advertisements in Indonesia

This research aims to identify gender equality issues by deconstructing the meaning of gender equality in advertisements from a feminist perspective through Critical Discourse Analysis. This research uses a descriptive qualitative research design with a Critical Discourse Analysis approach developed by Fairclough, which focuses on three main dimensions: textual dimension (microstructural), text production practice dimension (mesostructural), and socio-cultural practice dimension (macrostructural). Research data were obtained through interviews with informants as well as from advertisements related to gender equality aired on YouTube. Data collection techniques include interviews and the method of free listening and listening (SBLC) with note-taking techniques. The data collected was then analyzed using triangulation and deconstruction methods to reveal the ideology contained in the ad text and compare it with the informants' views. The results of this study show that societal norms often undermine women's abilities and limit women's roles to the domestic domain or as companions to their husbands. This research is expected to provide a deeper understanding of the meaning of gender equality in advertising media and help build a new perspective that is more inclusive and acceptable to society in Indonesia. The phenomenon of gender equality remains a challenge in many countries, including Pakistan and Nigeria, although the approaches and responses to this inequality differ in each country. In Pakistan, gender representations in media and advertising tend to reinforce traditional stereotypes, while in Nigeria, women are more active in fighting inequality through platforms such as blogs, which are used to criticize patriarchy and fight for social change. Deconstructing meaning in advertising allows researchers and academics to critically evaluate whether gender equality always places men in a dominant position over women, thus opening space for deeper analysis and more equitable solutions.

The Critical Discourse Analysis of Domestic Helper Abuse Case by Different News and Social Media Platforms A Case Study of Erwiana Sulistyaningsih

The paper discusses the unfair treatment of Indonesian domestic worker (DHs) based on a case study of Erwiana Sulistyaningsih using a critical discourse analysis (CDA) approach. Both official statements and unofficial comments are thoroughly analyzed to demonstrate the media's hidden power in influencing public opinion. We identify polarity in attitude (positive and negative) towards the case in NGOs (non-governmental organization) and comments from social media and Hong Kong forums. NGO are essential in raising awareness about the discrimination and racism faced by domestic helpers and in shaping public opinion to support more inclusive policies for immigrants. Conversely, discussions on social media and Hong Kong forums show that opinions on Erwiana's case were not unanimous. Some comments even displayed racial discrimination. However, these descriptions and labels of foreign domestic helpers can be seen as objective statements or based on life experiences. Commenters are unaware of the stereotypes and discrimination against East Asian women that are concealed within the racial ideology of Hongkongers.

National Identity and Mixed-Race Public Figures: A Critical Discourse Analysis Study

The identity and nationalism of mixed-race individuals are frequently questioned. Therefore, this study aims to synthesize the national identity of Bryan Domani, Cinta Laura, and Aurelie Moeremans as mixed-race public figures using the Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) approach. A descriptive qualitative method was used to interpret this data, wherein the researcher analyzed podcast interviews and examined Instagram posts. This study’s synthesis is divided into the background context of adapting their language skills, evaluating their cultural acceptance, and analyzing their preference for Indonesia. As a result, they experience difficulties with Indonesian proficiency due to their foreign-sounding accent. Additionally, they also demonstrate their national identity through their contribution to Indonesia.

The Covid-19 pandemic in Greece through the lens of methodological synergy: Combining corpus linguistics and critical discourse analysis approaches

The Covid-19 pandemic in Greece through the lens of methodological synergy: Combining corpus linguistics and critical discourse analysis approaches

Kritik Pemerintah Pada Lagu “Gugatan Rakyat Semesta” Karya Feast (Analisis Wacana Kritis Model Norman Fairclough)

This research aims to examine the role of songs as a tool of criticism against the government, focusing on "Gugatan Rakyat Semesta" which calls for scrutiny of governance. The study employs Norman Fairclough's critical discourse analysis approach with textual, discursive, and sociocultural analyses to understand how the song reflects socio-political dynamics in Indonesia. At the textual level, the research indicates that the song explicitly or implicitly urges people to challenge the government. Discursively, there is a correlation between the release of the song and student demonstrations. Sociocultural analysis reveals that the song's release is influenced by social tensions arising from economic decline, unemployment, corruption, discourse on election postponement, and others. This research is expected to contribute to understanding how musical artworks, particularly songs, can serve as tools of critique in the Indonesian socio-political context.

Analisis Teks pada Buku Pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia Kelas X Terbitan Kemdikbud Edisi Revisi Tahun 2017

This study aims to conduct a text analysis on Indonesian language textbooks in Grade X by focusing on (1) Language Use in Indonesian Language Textbooks in Grade X, (2) Conformity of Indonesian Language Textbooks in Grade X to the 2013 Curriculum, (3) Conformity of Indonesian Language Textbook Discourse to Strengthening Character Education for Grade X Students, (4) Impact of Indonesian Language Textbooks on Learning for Grade X Students. The method in this research is descriptive qualitative research method with critical discourse analysis approach. The subject of this research is the Indonesian Language textbook Grade X for SMA/SMK, published by the Ministry of Education and Culture in the 2017 revised edition. The results showed that from (1) language use, (2) conformity with the 2013 curriculum, (3) conformity of discourse with strengthening character education, (4) the impact of textbooks on student learning is included in the good category, feasible, and in accordance with the level of understanding of students. In accordance with these findings, it is expected that the government and teachers should work together to develop and improve the quality of Indonesian language learning books to make them more interesting in accordance with the times, relevant, easy for students to understand

The Extent of Gender Sensitivity in the Language of the Discussion Papers Produced by King Abdullah II ibn Al-Hussein: A Critical Discourse Analysis

This study investigates the extent of gender sensitivity in the language of the Seven Discussion Papers (DPs) produced by Jordan’s King Abdullah II ibn Al Hussein (KAII). The DPs came as a series of papers directed to Jordanians to lay down the KAII’s vision of achieving a comprehensive reform in Jordan. In this study, gender sensitivity is determined by the extent to which men and women are addressed equally in the language of the DPs. The study employs the Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) approach. In implementing the qualitative content analysis methodology, the findings show that KAII employed several linguistic strategies that were instrumental in producing a highly gender-sensitive language. These are the strategy of referring to both men and women simultaneously, the strategy of using inclusive terms, the strategy of using gender-neutral terms, and the strategy of using examples including both men and women. a gender perspective, the study found that the language used in the DPs differs from that used in the prevailing political discourse. The findings imply that Arabic, which is generally labelled as a gendered language, can be gender-sensitive if its users have the right attitudes and the right linguistic strategies to change the existing prevailing norms.

Analisis Wacana Kritis Norman Fairclough Pernyataan Megawati: “Pak Jokowi Kalau nggak Ada PDI Perjuangan duh Kasihan dah”

Partai Demokrasi Indonesia Perjuangan (PDIP) held its 50th Anniversary celebration on January 10, 2023. During the celebration, Megawati as the Chairperson of the party mentioned, "Mr. Jokowi, if there is no PDI Perjuangan, I'm sorry,". The statement received applause from the audience at JIEXPO Kemayoran. The video of Megawati's statement was uploaded again by KompasTV through the Youtube channel and received various responses. This research uses a qualitative research method with a critical discourse analysis approach of the Norman Fairclough model. The purpose of this research is to dissect discourse in three dimensions, namely textual, discourse practices, and sociocultural practices. Textually, the use of linguistic elements in the form of diction and majas is found. The dimension of discourse practice can be seen from the parties involved in making the video from KompasTV media through the Youtube channel. The level of consumption of this discourse is not only consumed by subscribers, but the wider netizen can access the information and provide comments. The sociocultural dimension is divided into three, namely situational, institutional, and social. Situational saw the situation when Megawati's 50th anniversary of PDIP received a response of applause when delivering the discourse. Institutional shows that PDIP's vote share has decreased in the 2024 elections. Then the social level in the discourse consists of cultural and political elements.

Analysis of Van Dijk's Critical Discourse on the Lyrics of the Song "Komang" by Raim Laode

Background. Van Dijk's critical discourse analysis is an approach used to uncover the power of ideology and power in texts. The lyrics of the song "Komang" by Raim Laode are the object of study because they contain social and cultural messages that are relevant to today's society. Purpose. This study aims to analyze how the lyrics of the song "Komang" reflect the strength of ideology and power structure in society through Van Dijk's critical discourse analysis approach. The specific purpose of this study is to understand the hidden meaning and social context presented in the lyrics of the song. Method. The research method used is the analysis of Van Dijk's critical discourse, which involves three main dimensions: text, social cognition, and social context. The data was collected through the analysis of the lyrics of the song "Komang" with a focus on the text structure, rhetorical strategy, and socio-cultural context that influenced it. Results. The results of the analysis show that the lyrics of the song "Komang" contain social criticism of injustice and inequality in society. Through the use of poetic and symbolic language, Raim Laode succeeded in conveying important messages about struggle and hope. The lyrics also reflect the ideology of resistance to oppressive power structures. Conclusion. The lyrics of Raim Laode's song "Komang" are not just a work of art, but also a form of strong social criticism. Van Dijk's critical discourse analysis reveals that the lyrics are loaded with ideological meanings and criticisms of social injustice. This research provides insight into how music can be an effective medium to voice social issues and influence people's thinking.

Mediapolitical Discourse: Concepts and Framework

Introduction. The article presents the results of the review of scientific works on discourse theory, reflecting the stages of evolution of media-political discourse in Russian linguistics. The aim of the article is to summarize, systematize and analyze approaches to the study of media-political discourse and concepts of its comprehension. Such concepts as media discourse, media text, media linguistics, and political discourse are considered.Methodology and sources. The article is prepared in the context of the cognitive-discursive paradigm, functional approach to discourse analysis, and media linguistics. In accordance with the postulates of critical discourse analysis, media-political discourse is considered as a constitutive of social practice. The main research method is an analytical scientific review of works on discourse theory.Results and discussion. In the course of the review of works on media and political discourse the main approaches to the understanding and research of media-political discourse are highlighted. The boundaries of this type of discourse as one of the areas of modern discourse theory are outlined. The concepts of scientific cognition that conditioned the formation of media-political discourse are identified. A review of works on related types of discourse at the previous stages of scientific thought is given. Internet discourse is viewed as an alternative source of political information. The article emphasizes the elements of language of enmity and the binary opposition “us/them” in the media-political discourse.Conclusion. The paper reveals a tendency to merge media discourse and political discourse within the framework of media-political discourse in modern linguistics. Among the key approaches to the study of media-political discourse the following approaches are identified: cratological, structural-communicative and media-technological ones; when analyzing the blogosphere it is advisable to refer to critical discourse analysis, structuralfunctional and comparative approaches. The most promising areas of the research include the identification of the essential characteristics of media-political discourse, and the development of genre stratification of this type of discourse.