Criteria Of Homogeneity Research Articles

Variety testing network of Ivano-Frankivsk region: historical origins and stages of formation

Purpose. To study the historical origins and stages of the formation of the variety testing network of the Ivano-Frankivsk Region, where one of the branches of the Ukrainian Institute for Plant Variety Examination is located. Methods. The research used general scientific methods, in particular hypothesis, observation, historical methods with elements of extrapolation from the source scientific database, analysis, and the method of synthesis to draw conclusions. Results. The varieties of plants common in the region meet the criteria of distinctness, homogeneity and stability generally accepted in international practice; they meet the needs of consumers in terms of economic and valuable properties; they do not pose a threat to the environment and human health. The variety testing network of the Ivano-Frankivsk Region was established in 1946 and its activities were coordinated by the Inspectorate of the State Commission for Variety Testing of Agricultural Crops in the Ivano-Frankivsk Region. In 2002, the Ivano-Frankivsk Regional State Centre for Expertise in Plant Varieties was established, which in 2012 became a branch of the Ukrainian Institute for Plant Variety Examination. Conclusions. The formation of varietal plant resources in the Ivano-Frankivsk Region took place due to the rather long historical stages of formation and development of its varietal testing network.

The deep neural network approach to the reference class problem

Methods of machine learning (ML) are gradually complementing and sometimes even replacing methods of classical statistics in science. This raises the question whether ML faces the same methodological problems as classical statistics. This paper sheds light on this question by investigating a long-standing challenge to classical statistics: the reference class problem (RCP). It arises whenever statistical evidence is applied to an individual object, since the individual belongs to several reference classes and evidence might vary across them. Thus, the problem consists in choosing a suitable reference class for the individual. I argue that deep neural networks (DNNs) are able to overcome specific instantiations of the RCP. Whereas the criteria of narrowness, reliability, and homogeneity, that have been proposed to determine a suitable reference class, pose an inextricable tradeoff to classical statistics, DNNs are able to satisfy them in some situations. On the one hand, they can exploit the high dimensionality in big-data settings. I argue that this corresponds to the criteria of narrowness and reliability. On the other hand, ML research indicates that DNNs are generally not susceptible to overfitting. I argue that this property is related to a particular form of homogeneity. Taking both aspects together reveals that there are specific settings in which DNNs can overcome the RCP.

Hybrid POI group recommender system based on group type in LBSN

Point of interest (POI) group recommender systems (GRSs) aim to suggest places for a group of users. Compared to recommender systems for individual users, GPRs are more challenging due to the complexity of groups formed by members with conflicting interests and preferences. To cope with this challenge, the current POI GRSs utilize strategies-based approaches, e.g., group history, aggregation of group members’ history, and further improved aggregation with the consideration of group members’ interactions. However, these GRSs still suffer from low accuracy and the cold-start problem for groups with insufficient historical information. Moreover, rare studies have attempted to compare/combine the different strategies for GRSs. In this paper, to achieve the collective advantages over existing GRSs, a hybrid method performs switching among different recommendation strategies based on the criteria of group type (persistent and ephemeral regarding group history) and homogeneity (similarity of group members’ interests and preferences) is proposed. A dataset from the city of Ankara that contains user and group check-ins, was extracted from the Foursquare Swarm application to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. This hybrid method outperforms the single strategies using various algorithms by improving at least 30% in precision@5 and 25% in recall@5 across all the test groups. The empirical results demonstrate that the introduced hybrid solution, which automatically identifies group type and homogeneity, can quickly and effectively go beyond the restrictions of the individual strategies for GRSs.

The Segmentation of Mobile Application Users in The Hotel Booking Journey

Aim/Purpose: This study aims to create customer segmentation who use Online Travel Agent (OTA) mobile applications in Indonesia throughout their hotel booking journey. Background: In the context of mobile hotel booking applications, research analyzing the customer experience at each customer journey stage is scarce. However, literature increasingly acknowledges the significance of this stage in comprehending customer behavior and revenue streams. Methodology: This study employs a mixed-method and exploratory approach by doing in-depth interviews with 20 participants and questionnaires from 207 participants. Interview data are analyzed using thematic analysis, while the questionnaires are analyzed using descriptive statistics. Contribution: This study enriches knowledge in understanding customer behavior that considers the usage of mobile apps as a segmentation criterion in the hotel booking journey. Findings: We developed four user personas (no sweat player, spotless seeker, social squad, and bargain hunter) that show customer segmentation based on the purpose, motivation, and actions in each journey stage (inspiration, consideration, reservation, and experience). Recommendations for Practitioners: The resulting customer segmentation enables hospitality firms to improve their current services by adapting to the needs of various segments and avoiding unanticipated customer pain points, such as incomplete information, price changes, no social proof, and limited payment options. Recommendation for Researchers: The quality and robustness of the customer segment produced in this study can be further tested based on the criteria of homogeneity, size, potential benefits, segment stability, segment accessibility, segment compatibility, and segment actionability. Impact on Society: This study has enriched the existing literature by establishing a correlation between user characteristics and how they use smartphones for tourism planning, focusing on hotel booking in mobile applications. Future Research: For future research, each customer segment’s demographic and behavioral factors can be explored further.

Meteorological sub-divisions of India : Assessment of coherence, homogeneity and recommended redelineation

The data on mean rainfall and mean rainfall anomaly of the meteorological sub-divisions of India, on different time-scales, is extensively used for monitoring the progress of the monsoon as well as applications and research. As such, it is important to ensure that the sub-divisional means are meaningful representations of the rainfall and the rainfall anomaly at districts/stations within the sub-division. Hence, the criteria to be satisfied for an appropriate delineation of a meteorological sub-division are high levels of coherence and homogeneity. In this paper we present an assessment of the coherence and homogeneity of the current meteorological sub-divisions, for rainfall on the seasonal scale, by analysis of monthly district average rainfall for the period 1901-2015 during the summer monsoon for all the states, except Tamil Nadu for which June-December data are considered.
 
 Since, earlier studies have shown that some of the sub-divisions of Karnataka and Maharashtra are neither coherent nor homogeneous, the problem of redelineation of the sub-divisions of these states is first addressed. We have assumed that the number of coherent zones in a state is the same as the number of current sub-divisions. Identification of coherent zones is achieved by successive application of the K-means (KM) clustering method to the seasonal rainfall of the districts, considering correlation of seasonal rainfall between districts as a measure of similarity. For these two states we find that some of the districts are not coherent and homogeneous. So we have repeated the exercise with analysis of a dense station network. The coherent zones identified from analysis of district data as well as station data, are found to be homogeneous as well and we have recommended that they become the new sub-divisions of the states. The new sub-divisions suggested for Karnataka, which are coherent and homogeneous, are: (i) Karnataka Western coast and Ghats (which includes districts/stations in the current sub-division of Coastal Karnataka as well as some from the sub-divisions of interior Karnataka) (ii) Karnataka northern plateau and (iii) Karnataka southern plateau. Of the current sub-divisions of Maharashtra, Marathwada and Vidarbha satisfy the criteria of coherence and homogeneity and can be retained as such. The current Madhya Maharashtra sub-division does not satisfy the criteria of coherence and homogeneity. We have derived a modified version of Madhya Maharashtra by allocation of some districts/stations of Western Ghats from the existing sub-division of Madhya Maharashtra to the existing sub-division of Konkan and Goa to generate a modified version of Konkan and Goa. These modified versions are coherent and homogeneous. Thus the suggested sub-divisions of Maharashtra are (i) modified version of Konkan and Goa (which could have been renamed as Konkan, Ghats and Goa but we have retained the old name) and (ii) modified version of Madhya Maharashtra, along with the current sub-divisions of (iii) Marathwada and (iv) Vidarbha. We have shown that the sub-divisions of all the other states of mainland India, are homogeneous and reasonably coherent and recommend that they should be retained as such.

�������� ������������ ������� ³�������� � �����-ӳ�� � ������������ �����������

In [1], we considered the problems of identifying and calculating the criteria for testing the hypothesis of homogeneity of two independent samples. In particular, we drew attention to the ambiguous names of the hypothesis test criterion. We also noted the difference between the assumptions and formulations of the hypothesis. In this case, different formulas for calculations require proof of their equivalence. Our analysis of research and publications has shown that examples of the application of the criteria of homogeneity of Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney samples are largely technical in nature. That is, these examples usually contain tools for calculating statistics and do not cover all the possibilities of applying the criteria. Therefore, the method of using criteria requires an optimal combination of theoretical principles with the formation of practical skills of hypothesis testing. When conducting a pedagogical experiment, the researcher should be able to consider theoretically sound calculation examples. These examples of the application of criteria should be available primarily to researchers who are not mathematicians. Our experience has confirmed the need for the researcher to acquire stable skills in the practical application of the criteria of sample homogeneity in scientific and pedagogical research. We considered the concept of sample homogeneity in conducting a pedagogical experiment on the examples of statistical information of control and experimental groups. It was noted that the homogeneity of the samples can not always be determined by direct observation of their elements. We formulated an algorithm for applying the Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney criteria to test the hypothesis �0: F1(x) = F2(x) about the homogeneity of the samples. We have considered examples of the application of criteria in a pedagogical experiment. In particular, the statistical values of the Wilcoxon test and the Mann-Whitney criteria were calculated. Also, we show their connection with the area of acceptance of hypothesis �0 under different alternative hypotheses �1. The prospect of our further research is the formation of methods for applying the criteria most commonly used in scientific and pedagogical research of distributions of random variables. Key words: Wilcoxon criteria, Mann-Whitney criteria, sample homogeneity, hypothesis acceptance area, sample rank.

FORMULASI DAN UJI SIFAT FISIK SEDIAAN GEL EKSTRAK ETANOLIK GANGGANG HIJAU (Ulva Lactuca LINN.)

One of the skin diseases that are often experienced by people is acne. The bacteria found in acne are P. acnes, S. aureus, and S. epidermidis. The preparation was chosen in this formulation because it is more practical and durable in storage. Gel preparations were chosen because it dry easily, can form a film layer that is easy to wash, and gives a cool feeling to the skin. Physical stability tests need to be carried out to ensure the quality, safety, and usefulness of the gel so that it meets the expected specifications and is stable in storage. This study aims to make a gel formulation and determine the physical properties of green algae Ethanolic extract gel. The optimum gel formula is determined based on variations in the concentration of Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose. The Gel that meets the criteria of homogeneity, consistency, pH , and dispersibility is determined as the optimum formula. The physical stability of the optimum formula was tested by organoleptic, homogeneity, pH test, spreadability test, and viscosity test. The gel that met the acceptance criteria was green algae ethanolic extract gel with a concentration of 3% HPMC so that it was determined as the optimum formula.

Regionale Industrialisierung revisited – Die niederrheinische Textilregion von der Protoindustrialisierung bis zum 20. Jahrhundert als Fallbeispiel

Abstract The concept of Regional Industrialization developed by Rainer Fremdling, Toni Pierenkemper and Richard Tilly is based on a small-scale research approach and composes regions according to criteria of homogeneity. This paper argues that the concept is fruitful in regard to textile regions and their analysis in a long-term perspective from proto-industrialization to the 20th century. It examines relevant factors such as capital, labour, raw materials, transfer of capital, technology and knowledge in order to analyse the specific regional path of growth. Especially the role of migrant pioneer entrepreneurs and the institutional-cultural setting, i.e. the state monopolies of the regional silk and velvet producers are addressed. Mechanisation and the factory system were introduced relatively late in comparison to other regions in the wool and cotton branch of textile industry. But innovations in weaving and energy technology diffused rather rapidly in Krefeld, Mönchengladbach and the rural surroundings. The paper shows how the growing textile industry of the left lower Rhine region diversified during the Great Depression of the 1870s-90s and induced forward and backward linkages to the machinery, tool and chemical industries. In all segments of the textile industry in the region (silk, velvet, cotton, wool, synthetics) path dependencies evolved which still have an effect on research institutions and industrial culture today.

الوصیة ( المفهوم والمعاییر)

The study of the will from the rhetorical side has its reasons and justifications, some of which are related to the concept and characteristics of this gender, which needs to define and reveal its literary and clarify the criteria of homogeneity and the amount available for interference and penetration and the issue of similarity and difference between it and other races. Including what is related to the influential and convincing rhetorical methods of expression and expression, and some that are related to showing the graphic value of selections singled out by Al-Jahiz and included in his book the statement and identification This study also summarizes the extent of the rhetorical value of the concept of will and the functions it performs, based on its criteria and the methods and methods it expresses. It opened a number of questions and hypotheses stimulated by the fertility of the material contained in the book.

An Automated System for Classification of Radiographs of the Breast

The article discusses the basic principles of design and testing of an automated system for classification of radiographs of the breast. The principle of operation of the automated system is based on the segmentation of radiographs into rectangular areas with their subsequent deformation according to threshold-type criteria of homogeneity. Classification of the selected segments is carried out by neural network classifiers operating in the space of information-bearing features that is built using multi-method algorithms. The software is implemented in MATLAB 2018b. The quality of classification using the developed software was tested on control samples.

THE CONCEPT OF UNIFORMITY OF A GROUP IN HUMAN ECOLOGY

Over the past 100-150 years, the selection of homogeneous groups in ecology as a whole has been carried out as part of the calculation of the coefficient of variation V = о / or by the ABC method. However, the Eskov - Zinchenko effect imposes serious restrictions on all statistical methods. The aim of the study was to verify the statistical homogeneity of three groups of Khanty women of different ages. Methods: The technique of repeating measurements of the same parameters of the Khanty women's cardiovascular system (three different ages) was used, for which matrices of all (105) different pairwise comparisons of samples for each such group were constructed (these measurements were repeated). Results. It was established that the same age, gender and living conditions (ethnicity) do not guarantee the selection of physiologically (statistically) homogeneous groups of subjects. The study proves the lack of statistical homogeneity of the three age-tested groups of Khanty women. The proportion of statistical similarity is less than 20 % of all 105 comparison pairs in all three age comparison groups. It is shown that repeated measurement of the same group gives a different picture of the distribution of pairs that can be attributed to one (common) general population. Each new dimension will give other pairs of k coincidences and it will never (from the standpoint of stochastics) be able to select a homogeneous group statistically coincident in the xi samples of the homeostasis parameter. In fact, the Eskov - Zinchenko effect spreads from one subject (in the mode of n iterations of experiments) to a group of different subjects (which cannot be homogeneous). Conclusions. From the standpoint of chaos theory - self-organization, other criteria of group homogeneity are required, in which the parameters of quasi attractors and the ratio of objects of these quasi attractors are already calculated.

STRUCTURE OF REFLEXIVE PROCESSES IN TEACHERS WITH DIFFERENT PROFESSIONAL IDENTITY

The article provides an analysis of the empirical study of the pattern of the reflective processes of teachers with different professional identity status. The professional identity of the teacher is seen as the result of the processes of professional self-determination, personalization and self-organization, which manifests itself in the awareness of the representative of a particular profession and professional community. From the standpoint of the ontological approach, the professional reflection of the teacher should be defined as a system of reflexive processes that serve the work of the teacher’s professional self-consciousness, ensure its interaction in the pedagogical situation, stimulate moral and ethical experiences, exercise control over the management of the subject and procedural components.The structure of the pattern of reflexive processes (personal, social and general) was studied with the help of the method. A.V. Karpova and V.V. Ponomareva. The type of professional identity of teachers was diagnosed according to the method of L.B. Schneider. The comparative analysis of the pattern of the pattern was carried out according to the criteria of homogeneity, coherence, organization, differentiation, the basic element of the structure.The results of the study showed that in the presence of a similar basic element of the psychological structure of the patterns of reflexive processes for all types of identity, there are certain differences in their organization and coherence. In the group of teachers with the status of diffuse and positive identity, the structure of reflexive processes is better integrated, the pattern has more connections at a high level of statistical significance between the individual reflexive processes.The lack of desire for self-development in teachers with diffuse identity with a high degree of professional uncertainty activates the work of reflexive processes at all levels of the psyche to ensure the optimal level of meta-regulation of their behavior. Such a reflexive system can be called a negative reflection. Being open, oriented towards finding new areas of professional development in the presence of a clear awareness of the professional position of teachers with a positive professional identity also enhances the work of their reflective system, which is positive in character.

Control of the Synthesis and Composition of Semiconductors. Low-Defect Silicon Carbide and Low-Dimensional Cadmium Selenide

The details of the controlled synthesis and basic performances determining the properties of the semiconductor substances—composition, structure, size and morphology of the particles forming them—were discussed. The nontrivial, but important for the functional use of semiconductors, criteria of purity and homogeneity were expressed. The noted details of the materiology of semiconductors were discussed with the example of the synthesis of low-defect wafers of silicon carbide, and also low-dimensional powders of cadmium selenide.

Verification of the Hypothesis of Compliance of the Errors of the Results of Analyses of Oil Products to the Normal Distribution Law for a Random Variable

We test the normality of the distribution of united samples of errors of the results of analysis of various types and brands of oil products obtained in the course of interlaboratory comparative tests in different fuel laboratories of the Russian Ministry of Defense in 1997–2017. The data of more than 8000 analyses of 20 physicochemical quality indices are investigated. The homogeneity of individual samples of errors included in the united sample is proved with the help of three criteria: a criterion of homogeneity of the mean values (the multisample Kruskal–Wallis criterion and its more accurate Iman–Davenport approximation), a criterion of homogeneity of distributions (the multisample Anderson–Darling criterion), and criteria of homogeneity of the variances (the Cochran and Bartlett criteria). The deviations of the law of distribution of the input data from the normal distribution is estimated by means of 11 parametric (two-sided David– Hartley–Pearson, D’Agostino, and Giry criteria, one-sided Hegazy–Green criterion, directed tests for the asymmetry |√b1| and curvature b2, and a multidirectional test based on the joint statistics of |√b1| and b2) and nonparametric (Kolmogorov–Smirnov, Cramer–Mises–Smirnov, Anderson–Darling, and χ2 Pearson criteria) criteria. It is shown that the actual plot of the distribution density of measurement errors is a unimodal asymmetric curve with positive excess and heavy tails. The main difference between the actual distribution of the errors of measurements of the properties of oil products and the normal distribution is a higher concentration of the results in the interval [–1σ; +1σ]. It is suggested to use algorithms of the robust statistics that are insensitive to the deviations from the theoretical distribution law and give more reliable results.

Управление синтезом и составом полупроводников. Малодефектный карбид кремния и низкоразмерный селенид кадмия

Abstract The details of the controlled synthesis and basic performances determining the properties of the semiconductor substances—composition, structure, size and morphology of the particles forming them—were discussed. The nontrivial, but important for the functional use of semiconductors, criteria of purity and homogeneity were expressed. The noted details of the materiology of semiconductors were discussed with the example of the synthesis of low-defect wafers of silicon carbide, and also low-dimensional powders of cadmium selenide.

Extraction of Land Cover Units from Land Cover Components Based on Geometric Rules

Land cover units are aggregations of land cover components that are obtained by using criteria of homogeneity and proximity of basic components. For example, residential urban settlements can be defined as aggregations of single buildings, neighboring green spaces, paved surfaces and small roads, which are separated by more prominent land cover components, such as main roads or rivers. Land cover components belong to standard classes typically obtained by an automated classification process applied to aerial or satellite images, such as buildings, constructed areas, bare soil, water, vegetation, and the like. Land cover units belong to more general classes, obtained by a combination of land cover components, such as residential areas, industrial areas, road networks, river systems, and agricultural units. In this paper, we describe an approach based on the application of geometric rules and semantic constraints to extract land cover units from land cover components. We use spatial operators to extract composite land cover units from land cover databases, where spatial operators are taken from standards of the Open Geospatial Consortium. Expert knowledge needs to be translated into specific automatic procedures, called complex object definitions or CODs. Finally, we build a prototype system, where the user can choose among a set of available CODs to build a sequence of actions that lead to the discovery of knowledge. We discuss several study cases, such as the recognition of urban settlements, agricultural land units, and road networks.

Control of Aerosol and Gaseous Compounds of Iodine Isotopes in the Ventilation System of the IVV-2M Reactor Facility

The results of estimating the activity of the aerosol form and gaseous compounds of iodine isotopes in the ventilation system of the IVV-2M reactor facility are presented. The contribution of aerosol and gaseous forms of iodine to the total volumetric activity was simultaneously determined. Criteria of homogeneity of sorbed iodine compounds are determined on the basis of analysis of the dependence of the activity distribution in the layers of a multilayer filter. The study made it possible to determine the form in which radioactive iodine enters the space above the surface of the coolant of the water-moderated water-cooled pool-type research reactor. It is shown that the volumetric iodine activity in the air of the ventilation system of the reactor facility is generally determined by hardly sorbed gaseous compounds.

Development and psychometric validation of a shorter version of the Breast Cancer Treatment Outcome Scale (BCTOS-12)

ObjectivesAesthetic and functional outcomes after oncoplastic breast-conserving surgery (BCS) are directly related to the patients' quality of life (QoL). The Breast Cancer Treatment Outcome Scale (BCTOS) is a validated but burdensome questionnaire for the assessment of these outcomes. The aim of the study was to strengthen and focus the BCTOS instrument by reducing the number of items and subscales without loss of information and validity. MethodsThis study used a dataset of 871 patients with stage 0 – III breast cancer, from a prospective cohort study, who underwent BCS. We investigated correlations and other criteria of homogeneity of the BCTOS items to identify redundancies. An exploratory factor analysis was used to remodel the item-factor structure. Correlation and linear regression analysis with validated QoL subscales assessed the convergent and discriminant validity of the modified BCTOS structure. ResultsThe factor analysis revealed two distinct subscales for aesthetic and functional outcomes. It was possible to reduce the 22 items of the original BCTOS to 12 items, thus the “BCTOS-12”. The two new scales had very good internal consistency: Cronbach's α = 0.86 for the new Aesthetic Status subscale and α = 0.81 for the new Functional Status subscale. Bootstrapping confirmed the item-factor structure for all 10,000 samples, remarkably. ConclusionThe modified BCTOS questionnaire with only 12 items (BCTOS-12) is shorter, easier to interpret, and shows good validity.

A study on the material characteristics and the welding properties of the HSA800 steel

In this research, 7 species of material characteristics test and 9 species of welding properties test for FCAW and SAW were proceeded to confirm the various material characteristics and welding properties of HSA800 developed recently. As a result of material test, HSA800 steel satisfied the KS and the criteria of homogeneity for the strength of the steel, confirmed as sound steel having excellent directivity and toughness. Test results of the FCAW and SAW partially satisfied the KS and the criteria of homogeneity for the strength of the steel, and confirmed as having a good weld zones. However, the result of SAW weld zone chemical composition test showed that the P composition is not satisfying the KS. According to the result of weld zone rod and plate tensile test results, the FCAW 1G appeared more better than the FCAW 3G, and the SAW PH2 appeared more better than the SAW PH1.

МОРФОЛОГО-БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ПРИЗНАКИ КРУПНОПЛОДНОЙ АЛЫЧИ (PRUNUS×ROSSICAEREMIN) И ИХ ЗНАЧЕНИЕ ДЛЯ ПРОВЕДЕНИЯ ЭКСПЕРТИЗЫ СОРТОВ НА ОТЛИЧИМОСТЬ, ОДНОРОДНОСТЬ И СТАБИЛЬНОСТЬ (ООС)

This work presents the results of long-term research on morphological and biological traits of six hybrid cherry plum varieties (Prunus х rossica Eremin). Such morpho-biological traits are shown to have significance during expert examination of varieties for distinctness, homogeneity and stability. The studied varieties (‘Andromeda’, ‘Desertnaya Rannyaya’, ‘Obil'naya’, ‘Olen'ka’, ‘Rumyanaya Zor'ka’ and ‘Femida’) meet the criteria of distinctness, homogeneity and stability, which has been confirmed by the experts from the State Variety Testing Commission.