Cohesive Criterion Research Articles

Cohesion and Coherence Problems Among Non-Native English Students’ Writing Essays

In order to properly organize ideas and express significant information, non-native students sometimes struggle with cohesion and coherence in their essays. This study examines the body of literature to pinpoint frequent problems non-native writers have while trying to make their writing coherent and cohesive. This study aims to assess the literature on cohesion and coherence issues in essays written by non-native students, with a particular focus on a number of components, including referential and relational coherence, theme and rheme, and grammatical and lexical cohesion. The literature study looks at papers that address problems with coherence and cohesiveness in student writing. It groups the results according to several coherence and cohesion criteria, such as referential and relational coherence, theme and rheme, and grammatical and lexical cohesion. An analysis of the essays shows common problems that non-native students face. Accompanying difficulties with collocation and diction are lexical cohesion faults, like as repetition and restricted vocabulary utilization. Issues with conjunction usage and text arrangement are examples of grammatical cohesion issues. Coherence is an issue that students struggle with; they have trouble coming up with thesis statements, topic sentences, introductions, and conclusion that are all coherent. Recognizing these difficulties emphasizes the necessity of focused interventions to improve non-native students' writing abilities. The development of instruments such as Tool for Automatic Cohesion Analysis (TAACO) presents encouraging paths for methodically evaluating and resolving cohesion concerns. These insights can be used by educators to create coherence and cohesiveness-enhancing tactics for non-native essay writers, which will ultimately result in clearer, more coherent writing.

Criminal reaction to Women murdering in Latin America in 21st century

The objective of this study is to understand the specific criminal type known as murder of a woman for reasons of gender, based on a comparative analysis of its legal scope across Latin American legislations between 2007 and 2020, taking the Brazilian system as the starting point. Feminicide and femicide were the two main terms analysed here; each displays its own conceptual, legal and political means in its application and the struggles associated with its use. The methodology focused on developing a comparative study of women's rights based on what is protected and why, what is criminalised and condemned, and whether these rights are only informed by penal perspectives or refer to mainstream laws to reduce criminality. The analysed period (2007-2020) is divided into three moments and parsed from a criminal policy perspective, considering in particular the penalties and the coordination with other programs and mainstream policies to combat gender-based violence. In general, legislations opt for purely criminal-law measures without the necessary synergy with further programs, without consistency in the meaning of the terms adopted, and with difficulties to determine the offenders’ sex. We conclude that the general tendency in Latin America is one which uses feminicide/feminicide without clear and cohesive criteria in the provisions of the Criminal Codes and lacks coordination with general programs and laws on gender-based violence. Finally, the scope of legal protection is generally limited to "woman" in a biological dimension.

Arabic Grammatical And Lexical Cohesion Tools In Ramadhan Al-Buti’s Friday Khutbah/ آليات الاتّساق النحويّ والمعجميّ في خطبة الجمعة لرمضان البوطي

The linguistic aspect is one of the essential components of the Khutbah, significantly impacting the text's formation as a coherent structure that contributes to persuasion and influence. However, it depends on fulfilling textual criteria, including syntactical and lexical cohesion. Thus, the research aims to examine the availability of linguistic cohesion tools in the Friday Khutbah text by Muhammad Said Ramadhan Al-Buti, with an indication of its function at the level of interdependence and correlation between the components of the Khutbah grammatically and lexically. The research utilizes the descriptive analytical method in reaching its primary objective by investing the textual linguistics or grammar in the light of the cohesion criteria that take the characteristic of consistency and continuity in the Khutbah. One of the study's most important findings is that the Khutbah was characterised by employing two main tools of grammatical cohesions, namely reference: indicative and conscientious, and linking with various forms: additional, affective, reversal, and causal. The tools of lexical cohesion in the Khutbah are represented in repetition (complete, partial, and parallel) and the link with the relationship of correspondence and antagonism, similarity, synonymy, and complementarity. These cohesion tools perform five functions: formation of the Khutbah and the connection between its parts, linguistic economy, confirmation of the meaning of a single idea, clarification and elaboration of the focus of the Khutbah, and expansion by integrating several ideas into one theme. Considering this, the preparation of the Friday Khutbah should consider these cohesion tools with other textuality criteria to ensure the success of the message delivered to its recipient.

Dual bilinear cohesive zone model-based fluid-driven propagation of multiscale tensile and shear fractures in tight reservoir

PurposeHydrofracturing technology has been widely used in tight oil and gas reservoir exploitation, and the fracture network formed by fracturing is crucial to determining the resources recovery rate. Due to the complexity of fracture network induced by the random morphology and type of fluid-driven fractures, controlling and optimising its mechanisms is challenging. This paper aims to study the types of multiscale mode I/II fractures, the fluid-driven propagation of multiscale tensile and shear fractures need to be studied.Design/methodology/approachA dual bilinear cohesive zone model (CZM) based on energy evolution was introduced to detect the initiation and propagation of fluid-driven tensile and shear fractures. The model overcomes the limitations of classical linear fracture mechanics, such as the stress singularity at the fracture tip, and considers the important role of fracture surface behaviour in the shear activation. The bilinear cohesive criterion based on the energy evolution criterion can reflect the formation mechanism of complex fracture networks objectively and accurately. Considering the hydro-mechanical (HM) coupling and leak-off effects, the combined finite element-discrete element-finite volume approach was introduced and implemented successfully, and the results showed that the models considering HM coupling and leak-off effects could form a more complex fracture network. The multiscale (laboratory- and engineering-scale) Mode I/II fractures can be simulated in hydrofracturing process.FindingsBased on the proposed method, the accuracy and applicability of the algorithm were verified by comparing the analytical solution of KGD and PKN models. The effects of different in situ stresses and flow rates on the dynamic propagation of hydraulic fractures at laboratory and engineering scales were investigated. when the ratio of in situ stress is small, the fracture propagation direction is not affected, and the fracture morphology is a cross-type fracture. When the ratio of in situ stress is relatively large, the propagation direction of the fracture is affected by the maximum in situ stress, and it is more inclined to propagate along the direction of the maximum in situ stress, forming double wing-type fractures. Hydrofracturing tensile and shear fractures were identified, and the distribution and number of each type were obtained. There are fewer hydraulic shear fractures than tensile fractures, and shear fractures appear in the initial stage of fracture propagation and then propagate and distribute around the perforation.Originality/valueThe proposed dual bilinear CZM is effective for simulating the types of Mode I/II fractures and seizing the fluid-driven propagation of multiscale tensile and shear fractures. Practical fracturing process involves the multi-type and multiscale fluid-driven fracture propagation. This study introduces general fluid-driven fracture propagation, which can be extended to the fracture propagation analysis of potential fluid fracturing, such as other liquids or supercritical gases.

Comment enseigner le discours scientifique en langue étrangère aux étudiants : la compétence discursive spécialisée à travers l’analyse des textes écrits

The aim of the paper is to identify the methods of teaching academic discourse in French on the example of a selected written text whose subject matter is concerned with linguistics in connection with other disciplines. The analysis uses as its starting point the assumptions of the theory of the linguistic image of the world (J. Bartmiński) and of the cognitive linguistics (G. Lakoff and M. Johnson, R.W. Langacker) as applied in glottodidactics. While reading and understanding a written text, students activate the process of schematization (abstraction) and categorization/recategorization (R.W. Langacker). Teacher’s role is to explain specialized lexis to students and make an attempt with them to analyse scientific texts from an interdisciplinary perspective. It is also important to familiarize students with the editorial rules applicable to diploma dissertations, both bachelor’s and master’s in French as well as the criteria of textuality, in-cluding cohesion, coherence, intentionality, acceptability, informativity, situationality, and intertextuality (R.A. De Beaugrande, W.U. Dressler).

Prediction of Bond-Slip Behavior of Circular/Squared Concrete-Filled Steel Tubes

Numerous existing formulas predicted the ultimate interfacial bond strength in concrete-filled steel tubes (CFST) between steel tubes and concrete core without investigating the whole response under push-out load. In this research, four models are proposed to predict the interfacial behavior in CFST including the post-peak branch under the push-out loading test based on 157 circular specimens and 105 squared specimens from the literature. Two models (one for circular and one for squared CFST) are developed and calibrated using artificial neural network (ANN) and two models (one for circular and one for squared CFST) are developed based on multivariable regression analysis, analysis of variance (ANOVA). The shape of the specimen (circular or squared), diameter of the tube, thickness of the tube, concrete compressive strength, age at the time of testing, and length of the specimen are the main factors considered. These models are then compared to other existing formulas to verify their capability to better predict the ultimate interfacial bond strength. It is found that the ANN model gives better results for most of the considered data. It is also found that ANN models can predict the overall bond-slip response for the considered dataset. In order to simulate the response of any CFST column using finite element (FE) method, it is vital to have sufficient input data on the overall bond-slip behavior between the interior face of the steel tube and the exterior surface of the concrete core including the post-peak branch. Accordingly, the suggested ANN model is used to generate the required input data related to the cohesive behavior and damage along the interface in ABAQUS model to simulate the response of two circular and two squared CFST columns under concentric compressive load. The results are in good agreement with experimental outcomes. The cohesive criterion and damage interface that are used based on ANN models in FE are found to be sufficient and can be adopted to model CFST columns.

Yabancı Dil Öğretiminde Geleneksel Metin Sadeleştirme Yaklaşımına Karşı Metindilbilimsel Sadeleştirme Önerisi: Bağlaşıklık ve Bağdaşıklık Kavramları

Yabancı dil öğretiminde okuma-anlama becerisine katkı sağlaması için özgün metinler, temel ve orta düzeydeki öğrencilere yönelik uygun sözvarlığı ve sözdizimi çerçevesinde sadeleştirilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, özgün bir metni sadeleştirmenin sözvarlığına ve sözdizimine uygunluktan çok daha fazlası olduğu düşünülmektedir. Bu bakımdan sadeleştirme sürecinde, özgün metinde var olan sözcüksel- dilbilgisel bağlaşıklık (cohesion) ve bağdaşıklık (coherence) görünümleriyle paralel çizgide ilerlemek, özgün metne olabildiğince en yakın sadeleştirmeyi gerçekleştirmek adına önemlidir. Bu nedenle, metin sadeleştirme işlemi sadece söz varlığını dil düzeyine uyarlama veya tümceleri kısaltma işi olarak görülmemeli, metinsellikle ilişkili bağlaşıklık ve bağdaşıklık ölçütleri çerçevesinde hareket edilmelidir. Çalışmada söz konusu kavramlar dikkate alınarak metin sadeleştirmenin nasıl yapılabileceğine ilişkin öneride bulunmak amaçlanmıştır. Bu yaklaşımla yapılacak sadeleştirmenin özgün metne uygun ve bilimsel bir nitelikte olacağı düşünülmektedir.

Simulation of rock fracture process based on GPU-accelerated discrete element method

The Discrete Element Method (DEM) is increasingly used to study the failure behavior of rock. Despite DEM's intrinsic capability to capture the mechanical behavior of discontinua, there remains several open questions that include the numerical modelling of the meso-fracture evolution and behavior of brittle rock bodies. A Cohesive Fracture Model (CFM) designed explicitly for polyhedral shaped DEM particles is proposed for the simulation of the fracture and behavior of brittle rock bodies. A rock body is discretized into a series of rigid polyhedral blocks which are bonded along the boundary faces along the normal and shear directions. A cohesive criterion dictates the normal and shear break strengths of the bonds for the CFM. The computational efficiency of the CFM for polyhedral shaped DEM simulations is enhanced by parallelization over multiple graphical processing units (GPUs) in the Blaze-DEM framework. A series of numerical and laboratory tests are conducted. For marble, these include three-point bending and uniaxial tests to investigate the relationship between the meso-mechanical parameters and macro-mechanical behavior. Following a sensitivity analysis of the meso-mechanical parameters, an inversion procedure is established to estimate the numerical meso-mechanical parameters of the CFM model. Two different failure modes for different rocks are proposed.

Strengthening of social cohesion as a mechanism for improving quality of life

This article is dedicated to sociological analysis and sociological conceptualization of the phenomenon of social cohesion, analysis of the impact of social cohesion upon economic growth and quality of life of the population. The authors examine the evaluation criteria of social cohesion, which served as the foundation for analysis of results of different sociological surveys conducted in the Russian Federation over the recent years, for the determining the relevant degree of social cohesion in the Russian society. The article also raises the question of social cohesion as an important vector of social policy. In conclusion, the authors come to an opinion that social cohesion of population should be used along with the economic mechanisms for improving quality of life. The need for social cohesion of population becomes more relevant in the current context due to several reasons. Firstly, enhancement of the role of social capital in socioeconomic development of the country, which becomes the major resource of modernization processes in the conditions of globalization. Secondly, systemic outlook upon the problem demonstrates that social cohesion is an essential factor for retaining sustainability of socioeconomic development of territorial systems. It is evident, that the humanity is going to face a range of global challenges, such as climate change, depletion of natural resources, etc. In this case, only the countries with strong and developed social capital, high level of social cohesion would be more sustainable and capable to withstand global threats.

A policy framework for social sustainability: Social cohesion, equity and safety

AbstractThe purpose of our paper is to characterize the social pillar using the three criteria of social cohesion, equity and safety. Alongside this characterization we develop a policy framework to promote social sustainability, which has been the subject of much academic interest in recent years. In addition, we demonstrate that the social sustainability policies we advocate are capable of embracing environmental sustainability. Our work therefore provides a fresh perspective on sustainable development policies by emphasizing the importance of the social pillar to the policy making process.

Personalized top-n influential community search over large social networks

User-centered analysis is one of the aims of online community search. In this paper, we study personalized top-n influential community search that has a practical application. Given an evolving social network, where every edge has a propagation probability, we propose a maximal pk-Clique community model, that uses a new cohesive criterion. The criterion requires that the propagation probability of each edge or each maximal influence path between two vertices that is considered as an edge, is greater than p. The maximal clique problem is an NP-hard problem, and the introduction of this cohesive criterion makes things worse, as it mights add new edges to existing networks. To conduct personalized top-n influential community search efficiently in such networks, we first introduce a pruning based method. We then present search space refinement and heuristic based search approaches. To diversify the search result in one pass, we also propose a diversify algorithm which is based on a novel tree-like index. The proposed algorithms achieve more than double the efficiency of the the search performance for basic solutions. The effectiveness and efficiency of our algorithms have been demonstrated using four real datasets.

A cohesive fracture model for discrete element method based on polyhedral blocks

Failure processes are common in geomaterials under external loads. In this study, a cohesive fracture model (CFM) and its implementation in a graphical processing unit (GPU)-based discrete element method (DEM) solver is presented within the context of simulating the failure of rock and other geomaterials. The CFM and its GPU implementation advances the simulation of the processes of meso-fracture initiation, propagation, and interaction. The CFM discretizes a domain into a series of pre-defined rigid polyhedral blocks. These blocks are bonded along the contact faces by a cohesive criterion with normal and shear strengths. This poses a computational challenge as few DEM codes can simulate polyhedrons, and amongst those the limited number of particles and required computational run-time make it intractable to do simulations of more than a few thousand polyhedral elements. This makes it computationally infeasible to combine CFM with such DEM models for practical applications. However, the GPU based code Blaze-DEM does allow for simulations of tens of millions of polyhedrons within practical runtimes. In this study we implement the CFM in Blaze-DEM and show the efficiency and usefulness of the model using GPU compute. Two typical examples, including a block sliding along a slope and the fracture process of an arch structure, are used to verify the provided CFM. This is followed by the simulation of Brazilian tests and uniaxial tests of limestone using the CFM that are validated against laboratory experiments. These tests demonstrate that the provided CFM can simulate not only the fracture process well, but also mechanical behaviors at the meso and macro scale of the geomaterials. Furthermore, based on the failure mechanisms of the Brazilian test and uniaxial test, an inversion method is proposed to obtain the mechanical parameters in CFM.

The Dynamic-Time-Warping-based k-means++ clustering and its application in phenoregion delineation

ABSTRACTThe phenoregion delineation facilitates more effective monitoring and more accurate forecasting of land-surface phenology (LSP), and thereby can greatly improve natural resources management. This article delineated a series of phenoregion maps by applying the Dynamic-Time-Warping (DTW)-based k-means++ clustering on normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) time series. The DTW distance, a well-known shape-based similarity measure for time series data, was used as the distance measure instead of the traditional Euclidean distance in k-means++ clustering. These phenoregion maps were compared with the ones clustered based on the similarity of phenological forcing variables. The results demonstrated that the DTW-based k-means++ clustering can capture much more homogeneous phenological cycles within each phenoregion; the two types of phenoregion maps have a medium degree of spatial concordance, and their representativeness of vegetation types is comparable. The phenocycle-based phenoregion map with 15 phenoregions was selected as the optimal one, based on the criteria of cluster cohesion and separation.

Organización y gestión de los servicios de salud. El impacto del derecho europeo

We study the health services and health care from the European perspective of services of general interest, whose organization and provision respond to criteria of solidarity and social cohesion and not to economic effi ciency. They must respond to criteria or principles of universality, equality of access and equity, continuity, transparency and quality. Based on these criteria, we attempt the analysis of modern forms of organization and provision of health services and the impact on them of the latest legislative reforms and the most recent case of constitutional and European law.

Delamination failure of composite containment vessels subjected to internal blast loading

Delamination failure of composite vessels subjected to internal blast loading was studied in this paper. Experiments were conducted on several e-glass/epoxy vessels with aluminum lining. Micro observation and fracture analysis indicated that delamination failure occurred under a wide range of explosive loadings. A finite element model was also established to explore the delamination initiation mechanism and the evolution of dynamic behavior. Delamination simulation was achieved using a tiebreak contact model and a cohesive criterion. Numerical results from the finite element analysis were compared with experimental data, which indicated that both dynamic response and delamination failure are in good agreement. An analysis of dynamic response highlighted the amplitude and phase inconsistency between neighbor layers during the vibration process, which is considered the main cause of delamination failure. The dynamic behavior evolution of delamination under different explosive loading conditions was investigated by setting a small pre-delamination in the numerical model. Results showed that the pre-delamination ignited continuous delamination in different scales of length. With the increment of explosive charge, pre-delamination extended more rapidly with many new delamination appearing and several delamination fusing with the bigger one during the extension.

A graph-based segmentation algorithm for tree crown extraction using airborne LiDAR data

This work proposes a segmentation method that isolates individual tree crowns using airborne LiDAR data. The proposed approach captures the topological structure of the forest in hierarchical data structures, quantifies topological relationships of tree crown components in a weighted graph, and finally partitions the graph to separate individual tree crowns. This novel bottom-up segmentation strategy is based on several quantifiable cohesion criteria that act as a measure of belief on weather two crown components belong to the same tree. An added flexibility is provided by a set of weights that balance the contribution of each criterion, thus effectively allowing the algorithm to adjust to different forest structures.The LiDAR data used for testing was acquired in Louisiana, inside the Clear Creek Wildlife management area with a RIEGL LMS-Q680i airborne laser scanner. Three 1ha forest areas of different conditions and increasing complexity were segmented and assessed in terms of an accuracy index (AI) accounting for both omission and commission. The three areas were segmented under optimum parameterization with an AI of 98.98%, 92.25% and 74.75% respectively, revealing the excellent potential of the algorithm. When segmentation parameters are optimized locally using plot references the AI drops to 98.23%, 89.24%, and 68.04% on average with plot sizes of 1000m2 and 97.68%, 87.78% and 61.1% on average with plot sizes of 500m2.More than introducing a segmentation algorithm, this paper proposes a powerful framework featuring flexibility to support a series of segmentation methods including some of those recurring in the tree segmentation literature. The segmentation method may extend its applications to any data of topological nature or data that has a topological equivalent.

La literatura autobiográfica africana escrita por mujeres: contratos de lectura / (The African autobiographical literature written by women: reading contracts)

El presente trabajo parte de la idea de que el estudio de los géneros literarios exige considerar no solo los rasgos formales del texto, sino también las diferentes modalidades contractuales susceptibles de aparecer en su recepción. Dicho de otro modo, un texto solo se integra en un género de escritura concreto cuando es reconocido como tal por parte del destinatario, operación que, aunque comporta ciertos conocimientos teóricos, es de carácter pragmático. El lector será quien, de manera individual, y apoyándose en todos los datos que tiene a su alcance, decida el modo de lectura que le resulta más apropiado. En este trabajo intentaremos ilustrar este proceso analizando un corpus de textos autobiográficos pertenecientes a la primera generación de escritoras africanas de expresión francesa, elección que pretende satisfacer al mismo tiempo los criterios de cohesión (todas las escritoras comparten un mismo contexto socio-histórico) y de representatividad, pues pensamos que nuestras conclusiones son trasladables a otros corpus similares, en particular a los que se derivan de las denominadas "literaturas emergentes".

Erratum to: A procedure for the simulation of fatigue crack growth in adhesively bonded joints based on the cohesive zone model and different mixed-mode propagation criteria

Erratum to: A procedure for the simulation of fatigue crack growth in adhesively bonded joints based on the cohesive zone model and different mixed-mode propagation criteria

The G8 1/2: the EU's contested and ambiguous actorness in the G8

This article analyses the degree of European Union (EU) actorness within the Group of Eight (G8). Drawing on the work of Jupille and Caporaso, actorness is probed along the criteria of recognition, authority, cohesion and autonomy. We argue that the vague, flexible and informal nature of the G8 has contributed to rather nuanced and ambiguous degrees of actorness. When assessing the above criteria, overall the EU's actorness remains questionable. As for recognition, while the EU is treated as an equal by other G8 delegations, actual membership remains disputed, and third parties such as the media remain reluctant to accept EU representation as equal. Authority in terms of legal competence tends to be of lesser importance in the G8, given the informal nature of this institution. Informally, the Commission has managed to enhance its authority when it can provide substantial expertise. Cohesion has proven perhaps the most limited aspect of EU actorness. Although value cohesion is substantial, there are no formal mechanisms that tie the European participants together. Commission autonomy in the G8 is considerable in terms of its own separate institutional apparatus, as well as formal performance and compliance scores that differ from those of the European G8 members. However, ultimately the Commission's freedom of action usually remains subject to the control of its principals. Yet, EU actorness tends to differ per context as our tentative analysis of the factors conducive to autonomy indicates.

Using multimodal presentation software and peer group discussion in learning English as a second language

<span>This paper reports an application of multimedia in a blended learning environment in which students engaged in multimodal presentations and peer group discussion. Students' presentation files were commented upon by their peers on the discussion board and scored by the researcher, based on questions developed by Levy and Kimber (2009) to apply criteria of design, content and cohesion in analysis of multimodal texts. After the discussion phase, students revised their files and answered a questionnaire about their perception of the value of this practice for language learning. Regarding the production of presentation files, most aspects of the title slide and overall slide designs were performed well, except for a lack of dynamic effects and inadequate consideration of the visual perception of the audience. Peer group discussion and the scoring can assist the students in inspiring their creativity and modification of the designs of their presentations. In contrast, other aspects such as language use were not improved, probably due to the limited language proficiency of the students or their unawareness of the need for further improvement. The questionnaire results indicate that students appreciated peer group discussions and understood that they might need increased skills to use the presentation software in a more sophisticated way.</span>