Criteria In Choice Research Articles

Focused Solution Group Counseling as a Solution to Improve Career Choice Decision-making Abilities

The purpose of this study was to decide whether the Solution Focused Brief Therapy group counseling could improve the career choice decision-making ability. This study applies a quasi-experimental approach with a population of 47 students at the Muhammadiyah 1 Palangkaraya Senior High School. The sample amounted to sixteen people takes purposefully from the results of the Likert scale of career choice with low understanding criteria in career choice and the results of the recommendations of counseling guidance teachers in schools. The research data were collected by several data collection instruments, namely scales, observations, and a checklist of students' problems. The results of the experimental group's statistical analysis showed that the significance value of the t-test value was -1,700, with a significance level of 0.234. Because T count 1,894, the null hypothesis test is accepted, and the alternative hypothesis test rejects. While in the control group, the significance of the t-test value was 0.823, with a significance level of 0.438. The T count <T table (df = 7) with a value of 0.823 <1.894 then, the nulled hypothesis test is accepted. From the results of the two groups, there was a more significant influence on the solution-focused therapy group's counseling services than the group counseling without using techniques on students' ability to make career choice decisions.

The aesthetic dimension of scientific discovery: finding the inter-maxillary bone in humans.

This paper examines the points of disagreement between Petrus Camper and J. W. vonGoethe regarding the existence of the inter-maxillary bone in humans as the link between man and the rest of nature. This historical case illustrates the fundamental role of aesthetic judgements in scientific discovery. Thus, I shall show how the eighteenth century discovery of the inter-maxillary bone in humans was largely determined by aesthetic factors-specifically, thosesets of assumptions and criteria implied in the aesthetic schemata of Camper and Goethe. I argue that the relevance of scientifically ascertainable morphological properties that count as evidence fortheexistence of bona fide anatomical structures depend on the aesthetic schema adopted by the communities assessing the classification. At the same time,I propose and explain mechanisms by which aesthetic considerations might determine the acceptability of empirical claimsabout the world. Based on the reconstruction of the arguments ofCamper and Goethe, I conclude that aesthetic considerations play a substantive role in both the generation and preliminary evaluation of scientific hypotheses. This paper suggests a complementary relation between the mediation of aesthetic criteria in theory choice and in scientific discovery in that while aesthetic considerations in theory choicelead to conservatism; in the context of discovery they often lead to innovation.

Perceived legibility in relation to path choice of commuters in central business district

Commuters are the major group of pedestrians who walk for daily transportation along the short pathways between the metro stations and their workplaces in the central business district (CBD) of Kuala Lumpur. Shorter walking times and shorter distances are significant criteria in commuter path choice; however, in the presence of multiple pathways of virtually the same length, the criteria of perceived time and perceived distance play the key role in path choice. In this regard, this study investigates perceived legibility (PL) as an alternative path choice criterion for commuters on the basis of its hypothesized correlation with perceived time. For commuters, a more legible pathway is a well-signed directional pathway, which generates a strong sense of direction toward the destinations along it. As Perceived legibility (PL) is assumed to be a positive factor for commuters’ choice of path, the main question of this research is whether the highest PL is taken into account by commuters as an important path choice criterion in the case of available alternative pathways of almost the same length. In this regard, the importance of the highest PL for commuters’ path choice was examined in comparison with other probable path choice criteria. In addition, the components of the highest PL were explored according to the perceptions of commuters. It was conducted in nine zones of the CBD of Kuala Lumpur. The zones were selected and finalized based on the design of the zone selection process. The collected data were processed using two consecutive survey questionnaires and an observational analysis. The highest PL showed moderate importance regarding commuter path choice. However, because of the significant correlation between PL and perceived time as well as sense of pleasance as two of the most important path choice criteria, highest PL or strongest sense of direction toward the destination is taken into account as one of the key factors for commuter path choice. Furthermore, factors such as the presence of buildings according to their height and facade, and commuters’ greater ability to see their destination point while walking, were found to be components of PL. Such relationships indicate the importance of these physical and visual factors for improving the path choice and walking rates of commuters in the CBD.

Results of a New Approach in Making Survey on P.T. – New Bus Rapid Transit Service in Nantes

It has been 30 years since Greater Nantes reprioritized its transport policies based on a radial public transport network and constructed a Tramway. Today, Greater Nantes is developing a new BRT system, called ‘Chronobus’. Chronobus enables Nantes’ public transport network to function across a new mesh network with a controlled investment (70 M€). Until now, household travel and operator surveys have not provided comprehensive information about the public's local transport needs and perceptions. With this in mind, Greater Nantes conducted a large-scale innovative survey in 2014 to determine how users make their travel choices considering a wide range of social factors. The survey was targeted at small geographic areas to determine the effectiveness for residents on a fine scale. The objectives of this article are: (1) to describe the innovative survey carried out within Greater Nantes and to outline the diversity of the results; (2) to outline the potential use for local authorities to conduct similar surveys in order to better understand the dynamics of urban mobility in their jurisdictions. The survey includes both quantitative (around 8,000 answers) and qualitative features (30 semi-structured interviews; two focus groups) and are aimed at both Chronobus users and non-users. This article emphasizes four main topics: the willingness to walk to a Chronobus service (rather than to a classic bus service); the consideration of Chronobus and other transport criteria in choice of residential dwelling location; the use of Chronobus as a tool for urban renewal and for opening up isolated and disadvantaged areas; and the perception of Chronobus users and non-users of its impacts on the other transport modes and local life. This innovative study is not only an evaluation tool, but a social barometer that provides useful information to local authorities to supplement other current household and operator surveys. The article shows that similar surveys can be seen as a useful tool for opening up dialogue with local populations on mobility topics.

TOPSIS VE MOORA YÖNTEMLERİ İLE TEDARİKÇİ SEÇİMİ: TURİZM SEKTÖRÜNDE BİR UYGULAMA

In this study, determining the most suitable vendor for a hotel which operates in Fethiye with TOPSIS and MOORA methods by determining the importance degrees of the criteria which the hotel management pays attention to in the vendor choice is aimed. In the study, 6 alternative firms were evaluated under 5 main criterion titles which include price, quality, delivery, association and service and within the framework of 20 subtitles. Determining the load of the criteria and the lower criteria was acquired through the evaluation of the questionnaires which were sent to the purchasing unit workers via e-mails. As a result, the importance load of criteria and lower criteria with no real value, the importance load of all criteria in the vendor choice and the evaluation results of alternative vendors in terms of these criteria were acquired from the questionnaires. The data obtained were analyzed according to the TOPSIS and MOORA methods which are among the determining methods with many criteria. When the criteria which the hotel managements pay attention to in the vendor choice, firstly the price level is looked at in the products which are presented to hotel managements by the vendor firms Vendor firms make an adjustment according to the product prices in the market place. After hotel managements look at the product’s price value, they pay attention to the criterion of the level of the service which vendor firm presents before sale, at the time of the sale and after sale. After hotel managements examine the products price value and vendor’s level of service, they look at the vendor’s situation in the market, the quality of the product and the logistic opportunity. According to the information given by hotel management, as a result of the application using TOPSIS and MOORA methods, the best vendor firm came up as ‘B Vendor’ and the least suitable vendor firm as ‘F Vendor’

Cardinal versus ordinal criteria in choice under risk with disconnected utility ranges

This paper provides a formal justification for the existence of subjective random components intrinsic to the outcome evaluation process of decision makers and explicitly assumed in the stochastic choice literature. We introduce the concepts of admissible error function and generalized certainty equivalent, which allow us to analyze two different criteria, a cardinal and an ordinal one, when defining suitable approximations to expected utility values. Contrary to the standard literature requirements for irrational preferences, adjustment errors arise in a natural way within our setting, their existence following directly from the disconnectedness of the range of the utility functions. Conditions for the existence of minimal errors are also studied. Our results imply that neither the cardinal nor the ordinal criterion do necessarily provide the same evaluation for two or more different prospects with the same expected utility value. As a consequence, a rational decision maker may define two different generalized certainty equivalents when presented with the same prospect in two different occasions.

Economic perceptions and electoral choice in South Korea: the case of the 2007 presidential election

While the notion that subjective economic perceptions as well as objective economic conditions affect electoral outcomes has long been explored in advanced democracies and new democracies, evidence of the link between the economy and elections has been rarely found in East Asian countries. As economic issues have become salient since the 1997 financial crisis, political leaders’ capacity to manage the economy has become one of the most important criteria in electoral choice in East Asia. This paper examines how economic issues influenced the results of the 2007 presidential election in South Korea. By making use of the 2007 Presidential Election Panel Study, this study examines the continuity of and changes in the Korean voters’ electoral behavior. This study describes the political situation in the post-1997 financial crisis period under two liberal governments in Korea and introduces the processes and characteristics of electoral campaigns in the 2007 presidential election. This paper then explores the link between the economy and vote choice, focusing on whether economic issues were salient among the electorate, whether retrospective or prospective economic voting was prevalent among Koreans, and how the voters supported Lee Myung Bak across age groups, regions, and parties in the 2007 presidential election.

The relative importance of tender evaluation and contractor selection criteria

Research in identifying the relative importance of criteria used to select a preferred supplier has, for the most part, relied on subjective lists of criteria being presented to respondents. The research reported here uses an experimental design approach to quantify the importance of nine common criteria used in an actual evaluation and selection of a contractor/supplier. Unique choice sets were constructed, each comprising three tender evaluation outcomes (alternatives) described in terms of all criteria, but with varying levels. Respondents simultaneously evaluated all three alternatives within each choice set and selected the most preferred. Utility estimates for each criterion level were determined as was the overall contribution made by the individual criterion. Results indicate Past Project Performance, Technical Expertise and Cost are the most important criteria in an actual choice of contractor with Organisational Experience, Workload, and Reputation being the least important.

Beyond Boserup: Cameroonian Agroforestry Systems in Space and Time

Shifting cultivation is the primary means of livelihood for subsistence farmers in the Congo Basin of central Africa. This agroforestry system, which depends on long periods of forest-fallow to maintain soil fertility as well as for the provision of non-wood forest products, is under pressure as populations increase. Where long fallows are no longer possible, productivity declines in the absence of input substitution or the forest frontier is pushed further back as new land is brought into the rotation. Conversely, where the system is in equilibrium the landscape is characterized by a dynamically stable mosaic of land use that provides an adequate rural livelihood. The landscape and household level impacts of shifting cultivation and ex ante assessment of alternative agroforestry systems are best captured by a model that accounts for spatial and temporal factors. To do so requires an approach that explicitly accounts for the differing relative importance of various economic (e.g., fallow type and soil fertility) and non-economic (e.g., proximity to other fields and protection of land use rights) decision criteria in the household's choice of location to cultivate in any one year. This paper outlines an approach to soliciting this information, discusses the implications of the decision criteria for land use intensification and uses them to model household decision-making in a way that effectively simulates the spatial and dynamic mosaic of land use characteristic of shifting cultivation. Not only are non-economic decision criteria important in land use decisions in general, they also have a significant impact on land use intensification. In fact, the research described here demonstrates that both household-specific preferences and household-specific initial conditions can lead to intensification of land use apart from intensification that arises due to increasing population density a la Boserup (1965).

McAllister's aesthetics in science: A critical notice

In Beauty and Revolution in Science, James McAllister argues that a sophisticated rationalist image of science can accommodate two prominent features of actual scientific practice, namely, appeals to “aesthetic” criteria in theory choice, and the occurrence of scientific “revolutions”. The aesthetic criteria to which scientists appeal are, he maintains, inductively grounded in the empirical record of competing theories, and scientific revolutions involve changes in aestheic criteria bu continuity in empirical criteria of theory choice. I raise difficulties for McAllister's account concerning: (a) the nature and scope of “aesthetic” criteria in science; (b) the rationality of appeals to aestheic criteria in science; (c) the rationality of scientific revolutions.

Defining firewood quality: A comparison of quantitative and rapid appraisal techniques to evaluate firewood species from a southern African savanna

The study analyses the firewood characteristics of 16 tree species from the dry semi-deciduous woodlands dominant in south central Africa. The important firewood characteristics used by rural people in Malawi were determined by the pair-wise comparison of preferred indigenous species. This was compared with a fuel value index based on the properties of basic density, moisture and ash content. Nine species were compared over the two techniques and the ordering was broadly similar, with the denser species of lower moisture content being highly ranked in both cases. The main criteria used by villagers to rank firewoods were drying rate, duration of ember production and low moisture content or weight when dry. Drying rates converged after the first month to a daily rate of 0.1–0.2% of dry weight. The procedures used in the study were low technology but accurate enough to establish the important indigenous species to be managed for wood-fuel production. The study recommends that future firewood management planning should recognise the role of indigenous quality criteria in rural people's choice of firewoods.

Important criteria in treatment choice for HIV

Important criteria in treatment choice for HIV

Factors Influencing The Choice of a Supplier by Grocery Distributors

Examines the key criteria in choice of suppliers in the grocery trade. Identifies factors highlighted by existing studies – inter alia consumer value, tactical considerations, introductory marketing, prices and economic conditions and distribution channel requirements. Uses a survey of cash &amp; carry and multiple buyers and the example of potato crisps as a basis for the article. Outlines the stages of the postal survey. Analyses results of questions asked in the survey – inter alia who makes the buying decision, reasons for stocking more than one brand, and reasons for choosing a particular supplier. Concludes that manufacturers must clearly identify where the supplier decision is made, and suppliers must continually monitor satisfaction amongst customers in a highly competitive market.

Electoral Traditions and Opposition Building in France

Studies of contemporary French politics have repeatedly stressed the persistence and vitality of historical referents as important criteria in electoral choice. According to most commentators, a narrow gap has always existed between the political present and the political past in France. under the current Fifth Republic, the historical roots of political cleavages remain important components in analyzing the French vote; for, as Dorothy Pickles has suggested, what tends to separate opposing political forces is less the content of specific measures than the undertones for which history is responsible.'1 And as a caveat to those contemporary behavioralists who would ignore the past, Mattei Dogan has warned that, Even if all the quantifiable data concerning the economic, social, cultural, and political structure of present-day France . . . were processed by a computer, it would not produce an understanding of political cleavages if their historical backgrounds were neglected.2 Dogan's analysis, like many others, rests upon the assumption that, once initiated, political practices and habits soon reach a stability and momentum of their own. They are often reinforced by other features of the sociopolitical milieu, and passed from one political generation to the next by the socialization process. If they change, they change only slowly and almost imperceptibly.3