Selection Criteria Research Articles

Prone Single Position Approach to Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF) with posterior screw fusion is a safe and effective treatment for patients suffering from degenerative spine disorders. While LLIF has been shown to restore disc height, decompress neural components, correct sagittal imbalances, and improve pain scores, the approach requires repositioning patients for posterior pedicle fixation, which requires 2 separate surgeries. The evolution of surgical techniques, navigation, and robotics has allowed for a single position approach to LLIF with the patient in the prone position. The purpose of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis comparing the prone single position (PSP) LLIF approach to the dual position LLIF approach. We hypothesized that PSP LLIF will have a reduced operative time, complication rate, and blood loss compared with the dual position LLIF procedure. A systematic review was performed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 guidelines. PubMed and Embase databases were searched with key terms: (lateral AND [interbody OR "inter body"] AND lumbar AND fusion) AND (prone OR single). Results were extracted and reviewed by 2 authors (MR and RB) per selection criteria. Patient demographics were extracted from the selected studies, along with surgical, patient-reported, and radiographic outcomes. A meta-analysis was performed using an unstandardized mean difference or log odds ratio with a confidence level of 95%. Fifteen studies were included in the systematic review and 5 studies compared PSP LLIF to dual position LLIF for meta-analysis. PSP LLIF had a reduced operative time and length of stay compared with the dual position approach, although there was no significant reduction in estimated blood loss. Additionally, PSP LLIF improved lumbar lordosis more effectively than dual position LLIF. There was no difference in segmental lordosis or pelvic tilt. There was no difference in intraoperative complications, postoperative complications, or reoperations. PSP LLIF reduces operative time and length of stay, with no relative increase in complications or reoperations compared with the dual position approach. Additionally, PSP LLIF improves lumbar lordosis relative to dual position LLIF, which may improve functional outcomes and reduce the risk of developing adjacent segment disease. The associated operative and postoperative benefits of PSP LLIF may improve long-term outcomes of patients undergoing spinal fusion.

Long-term outcomes of the first prospective study of active surveillance for prostate cancer in Japan.

Active surveillance for prostate cancer was initiated in the early 2000s. We assessed the long-term outcomes of active surveillance in Japan. This multicenter prospective observational cohort study enrolled men aged 50-80years with stage cT1cN0M0 prostate cancer in 2002 and 2003. The eligibility criteria included serum prostate-specific antigen level ≤ 20ng/mL, ≤ 2 positive cores per 6-12 biopsy samples, Gleason score ≤ 6, and cancer involvement < 50% in the positive core. Patients were encouraged to undergo active surveillance. Prostate-specific antigen levels were measured bimonthly for 6months and every 3months thereafter. Triggers for recommending treatment were prostate-specific antigen doubling time of < 2years and pathological progression on repeat biopsy. Among 134 patients, 118 underwent active surveillance. The median age, prostate-specific antigen level at diagnosis, and maximum cancer occupancy were 70years, 6.5ng/mL, and 11.2%, respectively. Ninety-one patients had only one positive cancer core. The median observation period was 10.7years. At 1year, 65.7% underwent a repeat biopsy, and 37% of patients experienced pathological progression. The active surveillance continuation rates at 5, 10, and 15years were 28%, 9%, and 4%, respectively. One prostate cancer-related death occurred in a patient who refused treatment despite pathological progression at the one-year repeat biopsy. Active surveillance according to this study protocol was associated with conversion to the next treatment without delay, when indicated, despite the selection criteria and follow-up protocols being less rigorous than those recommended in current international guidelines.

Toward a more pre-emptive approach to managing work emotions and emotional labor

PurposeTo propound a broadened perspective on emotional labor management by exploring mitigatory approaches that could be pre-emptively deployed prior to actual episodic experiences of emotional dissonance and their associated negative consequences (e.g. burnout). At present, the management of emotional labor appears to skew toward reactive measures, such as deploying employee assistance programs (EAPs) to assist overwhelmed employees in coping better with their emotional demands, reducing job-related emotional demands or a combination of both.Design/methodology/approachIntricate processes of emotion emergence and established literature on emotion regulation are considered. By conceptualizing emotion emergence as a process entailing situation, attention, appraisal and response, current efforts can be seen as primarily acting upon the late stages of this process. General emotion regulation strategies that act upon more upstream processes are then considered and applied to the specific context of emotional labor.FindingsPre-emptive steps could be taken from the early stages of job selection as well as personnel selection and assessment through systematic and concerted efforts in identifying job-related emotional demands (e.g. specific display rules, frequency and intensity). Formal job descriptions could then reflect these demands to better facilitate self-selection processes. Additionally, considering these identified parameters as personnel selection and assessment criteria could further enhance person-job fit in terms of emotional congruency. For current hires, pre-emptive steps could also be taken to subliminally modulate their emotional emergence trajectory toward more job-congruent emotions. Collectively, these steps may facilitate the pre-emptive reduction of emotionally dissonant work episodes and bear substantive potential to be deployed synergistically with current, more reactive measures.Originality/valueThis paper offers a broadened perspective on emotional labor management. Through considering intricate processes of emotion emergence and established literature on emotion regulation, a pre-emptive perspective toward managing work emotions and emotional labor is propounded. It is believed that the synergistic incorporation of these pre-emptive management approaches with current strategies (e.g. reducing emotional demands, EAPs, etc.) would holistically allow for greater amelioration of this debilitating issue. Finally, it is hoped that this paper could serve as a primer for future research and discourses to be conducted, such that our arsenal available for combating emotional labor could be substantively expanded to holistically target all stages of the emotion emergence process.

Birc5 and Nudc are screened as candidate reference genes for RT-qPCR studies in mouse cementoblast mineralization using time-series RNA-seq data.

The robustness and credibility of RT-qPCR results are critically dependent on the selection of suitable reference genes. However, the mineralization of the extracellular matrix can alter the intracellular tension and energy metabolism within cells, potentially impacting the expression of traditional reference genes, namely Actb and Gapdh. To methodically identify appropriate reference genes for research focused on mouse cementoblast mineralization. Time-series transcriptomic data of mouse cementoblast mineralization were used. To ensure expression stability and medium to high expression levels, three specific criteria were applied to select potential reference genes. The expression stability of these genes was ranked based on the DI index (1/coefficient of variation) to identify the top six potential reference genes. RT-qPCR validation was performed on these top six candidates, comparing their performance against six previously used reference genes (Rpl22, Ppib, Gusb, Rplp0, Actb, and Gapdh). Cq values of these 12 genes were analyzed by RefFinder to get a stability ranking. A total of 4418 (12.27%) genes met the selection criteria. Among them, Rab5if, Chmp4b, Birc5, Pea15a, Nudc, Supt4a were identified as candidate reference genes. RefFinder analyses revealed that two candidates (Birc5 and Nudc) exhibited superior performance compared to previously used reference genes. RefFinder's stability ranking does not consider the influence of primer efficiency. We propose Birc5 and Nudc as candidate reference genes for RT-qPCR studies investigating mouse cementoblast mineralization and cementum repair.

Rational design of disulfide bonds to increase thermostability of Rhodococcus opacus catechol 1,2 dioxygenase.

Catechol 1,2 dioxygenase is a versatile enzyme with several potential applications. However, due to its low thermostability, its industrial potential is not being met. In this study, the thermostability of a mesophilic catechol 1,2 dioxygenase from the species Rhodococcus opacus was enhanced via the introduction of disulphide bonds into its structure. Engineered designs (56) were obtained using computational prediction applications, with a set of hypothesized selection criteria narrowing the list to 9. Following recombinant production and purification, several of the designs demonstrated substantially improved protein thermostability. Notably, variant K96C-D278C yielded improvements including a 4.6°C increase in T50, a 725% increase in half-life, a 5.5°C increase in Tm, and a >10-fold increase in total turnover number compared to wild type. Stacking of best designs was not productive. Overall, current state-of-the-art prediction algorithms were effective for design of disulfide-thermostabilized catechol 1,2 dioxygenase.

Cytoreductive surgery without intra-peritoneal chemotherapy for metachronous colorectal peritoneal metastases

BackgroundCytoreductive surgery and chemotherapy reportedly improve the prognosis of patients with metachronous peritoneal metastases. However, the types of peritoneal metastases indicated for cytoreductive surgery remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to clarify the category of cases for which cytoreductive surgery would be effective and report the prognosis associated with cytoreductive surgery for metachronous peritoneal metastases.MethodsThis study included 52 consecutive patients who underwent cytoreductive surgery for metachronous peritoneal metastases caused by colorectal cancer between January 2005 and December 2018 and fulfilled the selection criteria. The median follow-up period was 54.9 months. Relapse-free survival was calculated as the time from cytoreductive surgery of metachronous peritoneal metastases to recurrence. Overall survival was defined as the time from cytoreductive surgery of metachronous peritoneal metastases to death or the end of the follow-up period.ResultsThe 5-year relapse-free survival rate was 30.0% and the 5-year overall survival rate was 72.3%. None of the patients underwent hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy. The analysis indicated no potential risk factors for 5-year relapse-free survival. However, for 5-year overall survival, the multivariate analysis revealed that time to diagnosis of metachronous peritoneal metastases of < 2 years after primary surgery (hazard ratio = 4.1, 95% confidence interval = 2.0–8.6, p = 0.0002) and number of metachronous peritoneal metastases ≥ 3 (hazard ratio = 9.8, 95% confidence interval = 2.3–42.3, p = 0.002) as independent factors associated with a poor prognosis.ConclusionsLong intervals of more than 2 years after primary surgery and 2 or less metachronous peritoneal metastases were good selection criteria for cytoreductive surgery for metachronous peritoneal metastases from colorectal cancer.

Computer-Aided Synthesis Planning (CASP) and Machine Learning: Optimizing Chemical Reaction Conditions.

Computer-aided synthesis planning (CASP) has garnered increasing attention in light of recent advancements in machine learning models. While the focus is on reverse synthesis or forward outcome prediction, optimizing reaction conditions remains a significant challenge. For datasets with multiple variables, the choice of descriptors and models is pivotal. This selection dictates the effective extraction of conditional features and the achievement of higher prediction accuracy. This review delineates the origins of data in conditional optimization, the criteria for descriptor selection, the response models, and the metrics for outcome evaluation, aiming to acquaint readers with the latest research trends and facilitate more informed research in this domain.

Comparative Clinical Behavior of Zirconia versus Titanium Dental Implants: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Objective: The goal of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess whether there were clinically relevant differences in the treatment of edentulous areas comparing zirconia (Zr) and titanium (Ti) dental implants. The null hypothesis is that no differences can be observed in terms of the clinical parameters; the positive hypothesis I is that Zr implants have generally better results compared to Ti implants; and the positive hypothesis II is that Ti implants have a generally superior result than Zr implants. Methods: This review work was registered on the PROSPERO platform, and its development was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) statement. The electronic search process was conducted on three databases (PubMed/Scopus/Web of Science), including randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from the past 10 years (up to April 2024). Identified articles were analyzed and included/excluded based on pre-defined selection and exclusion criteria. The quality assessment and risk of bias were evaluated using a Cochrane risk-of-bias assessment tool specifically designed for randomized trials (RoB2). A meta-analysis was conducted to correlate different treatment options based on the described outcomes; a random-effects model was used in the analysis of the variables. The analysis of heterogeneity was conducted by means of Cochran’s Q-test and Higgins’ I2 statistic. Results: Six RCTs were enrolled; 152 patients (90 males and 62 females) and 448 implants (267 Zr and 181 Ti) were included. Dental implant placement involved both the maxillary and mandibular arches. The implant sites showed heterogeneity in receiving Zr and Ti dental implants; in particular, 22 dental implants were placed in the mid-palatal region and 426 dental implants in the alveolar region (255 were in Zr and 171 in Ti). Regarding the success rate, it was better for Zr but with no statistical difference (p &gt; 0.05); bleeding on probing had slight differences between Ti with 0.34% ± 0.42 and Zr with 0.26% ± 0.36 (p &gt; 0.05); plaque score showed 0.46 ± 0.47 for Ti compared to 0.44 ± 0.49 for Zr (p &gt; 0.05); no statistically significant difference was observed for pink esthetic score (PES). Statistically significant results were found for survival rate, which favored Ti implants (77.6%) compared to Zr (70.3%) (p &lt; 0.05), and for marginal bone loss, which showed less loss in Ti implants (0.18 mm ± 0.47) compared to 0.42 mm ± 0.40 in Zr at 12 months (p &lt; 0.001). Conclusions: The present systematic review and meta-analysis identified the positive hypothesis I and rejected the null and positive hypothesis II; it was possible to conclude that Ti dental implants have a better survival rate and less marginal bone loss than Zr dental implants after 1-year follow-up.

The Company Law Analysis using the (COPRAS) Method

Company law is a crucial area of expertise or employment for experts in company secretarial work. The different provisions of the Companies Act, as well as its schedules, rules, notices, and circulars, as well as secretarial practice and case laws, are covered in-depth in this section. According to the law, a business is a body corporate with a different legal identity, status, and personality from the individuals who make up its membership. A company is, in the legal sense, a grouping of human and artificial beings that has been officially established by a nation's law. According to Indian law, there are seven different types of corporations: partnerships, limited liability companies, sole proprietorships, private limited companies, and public businesses (LLP). The list of types of businesses is below. The current law, the Companies Act of 1956, is made up of 15 Schedules and 658 provisions. There are 464 sections and 7 sections in the 2013 Companies Act. The Act includes fewer provisions since non-prescriptive regulations continue to control businesses. The Act's provisions served as the foundation for the notes that follow. company law Company law, also referred to as business law or company law, is the body of legislation that governs how businesses are formed, managed, and operated, as well as any associated rules, regulations, laws, and practices. Simply defined, corporate law deals with every legal problem that a business encounter. A Research's relevance is determined by the study itself. It speaks to the study's significance and contribution to a particular area of research. The emphasis is on who and how research findings are beneficial. It facilitates corporate success. We can use it to bolster truths and disprove lies. It serves as a tool for identifying, evaluating, and seizing opportunities. It encourages a love of reading and confidence in writing, analysis, and sharing important information. Leanne Zara emphasizes that "the major goal of research is to direct impact on people, prove a theory, as well as contribute to the advancement of knowledge in the subject of study" while discussing the significance of research. 4 Studies are the basis of information for the purpose of understanding and the primary source of providing laws or guidelines for managing various social, business, or governmental problems. A thorough research provides learners with critical thinking abilities, effective analysis, and research. It is a varied, systematic education that aids in effectively comprehending new advancements in one's specialty. The COPRAS-G method requires identifying selection criteria, evaluating information related to these criteria, and developing methods to evaluate Meeting the participant's needs Criteria for doing in order to assess the overall performance of the surrogate. Decision analysis involves a Decision Maker (DM) Situation to do consider a particular set of alternatives and select one among several alternatives, usually with conflicting criteria. For this reason, the developed complexity proportionality assessment (COPRAS) method can be used. Alternative Taken as Artificial person, Membership, Incorporated Association, Separate legal Existence and Perpetual Succession. Evaluation Parameters Taken as Common Seal, Limited Liability, Share Transfer, Maintenance of Account books, Audit of Accounts. Company law Membership is got the first rank whereas is the Incorporated Association is having the Lowest rank. Membership is got the first rank whereas is the Incorporated Association is having the Lowest rank.

Full-Endoscopic Spinal Surgery for Older Patients With Degenerative Spinal Pathology: A Narrative Review

The aging population worldwide is experiencing an increasing incidence of degenerative spinal disorders, leading to significant morbidity and diminished quality of life. Traditional open surgical approaches for treating these conditions in older patients often entail substantial risks and prolonged recovery times. However, recent advancements in endoscopic surgical techniques have provided promising alternatives with potentially reduced morbidity and quicker recovery. This paper reviews the current literature regarding full-endoscopic spinal surgery (FESS) for degenerative spinal pathology in older patients. We discuss the evolution of endoscopic techniques, patient selection criteria, surgical indications, outcomes, and complications associated with FESS in older adults. Several studies have reported favorable outcomes of FESS in older patients, including reduced postoperative pain, shorter hospital stays, faster recovery, and comparable or even improved clinical outcomes compared with traditional open surgery. Moreover, FESS offers the advantages of minimal tissue disruption, preservation of spinal stability, and decreased blood loss, which are particularly advantageous in older patients with multiple comorbidities. However, challenges such as a steep learning curve for surgeons, limited visualization, and technical constraints in managing complex pathologies remain significant concerns. Additionally, the long-term durability and effectiveness of FESS in older patients require further investigation. In conclusion, FESS presents a promising minimally invasive option for treating degenerative spinal pathology in older adults. Further research and technological advancements are needed to optimize patient selection, refine surgical techniques, and improve long-term outcomes in this growing demographic category of patients.

Endovascular thrombectomy versus medical management for moderate-to-severe anterior cerebral artery occlusion stroke.

There are no established patient selection criteria for endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) for anterior cerebral artery (ACA) stroke. This was a retrospective cohort study of the 2016-2020 National Inpatient Sample in the United States. Isolated ACA-occlusion stroke patients with moderate-to-severe stroke symptoms (NIH stroke scale [NIHSS] ≥ 6) were included. Primary outcome was hospital discharge to home with self-care. Secondary outcomes include in-hospital mortality and intracranial hemorrhage (ICH). Confounders were accounted for by multivariable logistic regression. 6685 patients were included; 335 received EVT. Compared to medical management (MM), EVT patients were younger (mean 67.2 versus 72.2years; p = 0.014) and had higher NIHSS (mean 16.0 versus 12.5; p < 0.001). EVT was numerically but not statistically significantly associated with higher odds of home discharge compared to MM (aOR 2.26 [95%CI 0.99-5.17], p = 0.053). EVT was significantly associated with higher odds of home discharge among patients with NIHSS 10 or greater (aOR 3.35 [95%CI 1.06-10.58], p = 0.039), those who did not receive prior thrombolysis (aOR 3.96 [95%CI 1.53-10.23], p = 0.005), and those with embolic stroke etiology (aOR 4.03 [95%CI 1.21-13.47], p = 0.024). EVT was not significantly associated with higher rates of mortality (aOR 1.93 [95%CI 0.80-4.63], p = 0.14); however, it was significantly associated with higher rates of ICH (22.4% vs. 8.5%, p < 0.001). EVT was associated with higher odds of favorable short-term outcomes for moderate-to-severe ACA-occlusion stroke in select patients. Future studies are needed to confirm the efficacy of EVT in terms of longer term neurological outcomes.

Use of the DTRAX Posterior Cervical Facet Joint Fusion and Distraction Device: A Case Series Including 50 Patients

Objective: This retrospective study aimed to assess the efficacy, safety, and feasibility of the DTRAX system for posterior cervical facet fusion in cervical degenerative pathology.Methods: A retrospective analysis of 50 cases involving DTRAX for posterior cervical facet fusion between January 2017 and January 2022. Patient selection criteria, surgical techniques, outcome measures, and data analysis methods were defined.Results: Among the 50 patients included in this study, 21 were women (42%) and 29 were men (58%). Fusion levels varied, with 36 patients undergoing fusion at a single level (72%), 12 at 2 levels (24%), and 2 at 3 levels (4%), totalling 132 implants. The average age was 44.26 years; most patients presented with neck pain, and 23 also reported arm pain (46%). Discharge within 24 hours was common. Pseudoarthrosis was the leading indication (32%), followed by foraminal stenosis (28%) and failed prosthetic implants (24%). Postoperatively, significant reductions in neck and radicular pain were observed, with visual analogue scale scores decreasing steadily over 12 months (p&lt;0.001). Functional improvements, measured by Neck Disability Index scores, were sustained, with a slight increase at 6 and 12 months (p&lt;0.001). The fusion rates at 6 and 12 months were 88% and 96%, respectively. Complications were infrequent, including transient paraesthesia (2%), anterior revision surgery for foraminal stenosis (2%), and suboptimal implant positioning (4%).Conclusion: Favourable clinical and functional outcomes, high fusion rates, and relatively low complication rates were observed with the DTRAX system. Further studies are needed for validation and long-term assessment of efficacy and safety.

Microaggression Interactions Among Healthcare Professionals, Trainees and Students in the Clinical Environment: A Mixed-Studies Review.

This review aims to comprehensively consolidate and synthesize the existing body of empirical research on the perceptions and experiences of healthcare professionals, trainees, and students concerning microaggression interactions within diverse clinical settings. The review protocol was registered with the international prospective register of systematic reviews (PROSPERO CRD42024546443). We employed the Joanna Briggs Institute's mixed-methods systematic review approach. Comprehensive electronic database searches were conducted across eight databases (Medline, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Scopus, Web of Science, Social Science Database, and ProQuest Dissertation and Theses) from their respective inception dates up to October 1, 2023. The selection criteria included studies reporting instances of interprofessional or intra-professional microaggressions occurring in clinical environments among healthcare professionals, trainees, and students identifying as heterosexual and without disabilities. In total, 37 studies met the eligibility criteria and were included in our review. Our analysis revealed three primary themes: Racial Microaggressions in the Clinical Environment, Gender Microaggressions in the Clinical Environment, and Religious Microaggressions in the Clinical Environment. Research must delve deeply into these experiences to better understand their long-term consequences, while policy initiatives should be designed to establish equitable, inclusive, and respectful healthcare environments. Collaborative endeavors bridging research and policy are paramount to dismantling barriers and nurturing an inclusive healthcare landscape.

Ginkgo biloba extract prescriptions are associated with less frequent repeat visits to ENT doctors due to tinnitus: a retrospective cohort study

ObjectivesWe aimed to evaluate the drug utilization of Ginkgo biloba extract (Gbe), systemic corticosteroids (CSs), and pentoxifylline (PTXF) for the treatment of acute tinnitus by analyzing electronic patient health record data. In addition, we assessed whether the different drug treatments were associated with different frequencies of repeat visits to ear, nose, and throat (ENT) doctors.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study used data from the IQVIA Disease Analyzer (DA) database. It included patients with an initial diagnosis of tinnitus between January 2005 and December 2021, treated by ENT specialists in Germany.ResultsOf 111,629 patients meeting all selection criteria, 51,205 received prescriptions of Gbe, 34,817 of systemic CSs, and 25,607 of PTXF. Gbe prescription was associated with significantly lower odds of a repeat consultation due to tinnitus compared to systemic CSs [odds ratio (OR) 0.91; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.88–0.95] as well as PTXF (OR 0.74; 95% CI: 0.72–0.77). This association was significant in both men and women and in some age groups.ConclusionGbe is the most frequently ENT specialist-prescribed drug for the treatment of acute tinnitus. It is associated with a reduced likelihood of patients consulting their ENT specialist for tinnitus again compared to systemic CSs and PTXF.

Causal role of immune cells in uveitis: a Mendelian randomization study

BackgroundUveitis refers to a group inflammation affecting the uvea, retina, retinal blood vessels as well as vitreous body, which is one of the common causes of blindness. There is growing evidence linking different types of immune cells to uveitis, although it remains uncertain if these associations imply causal relationships. Recent advancements in high-density genetic markers like SNPs or CNVs for genotyping, along with the progress in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) technologies, have improved our understanding of the immunological mechanisms involved in ocular diseases. Therefore, our objective was to investigate the potential causal link between immune cells and uveitis using a Mendelian randomization study.MethodsThe exposure and outcome GWAS data for this study were sourced from an open-access database (https://gwas.mrcieu.ac.uk/). Two-sample MR analysis was utilized to evaluate the causal relationship between 731 immune cell features and uveitis. Various MR methods were employed to reduce bias and obtain dependable estimates of the causal link between the immune cell variables and the outcomes. Instrumental variable selection criteria were carefully chosen to enhance the accuracy and efficacy of the causal relationship between different immune cell types and the risk of uveitis.ResultsUsing two-sample MR, IVW modeling showed that GAD had significant effect on immunophenotypes. CD3 levels on CD45RA− CD4+ T cells (OR = 1.087, 95%CI = 1.029 ~ 1.147, p = 0.003) and CD3 levels on CM CD4+ T cells (OR = 1.086, 95%CI = 1.033 ~ 1.141, p = 0.001) were found to be elevated in cases of uveitis. HLA DR levels in CD14− CD16+ monocyte cells (OR = 0.735, 95% CI = 0.635 ~ 0.850, p &amp;lt; 0.001) and HLA DR levels in NK cells (OR = 0.910, 95% CI = 0.851 ~ 0.972, p = 0.005) were observed to be reduced in individuals with uveitis. Furthermore, Two cells were identified to be significantly associated with uveitis risk: HLA DR on in NK cells (OR = 0.938, 95%CI = 0.899 ~ 0.979, p = 0.003), HLA DR on CD14− CD16+ monocytes (OR = 0.924, 95%CI = 0.878 ~ 0.972, p = 0.002).ConclusionThis study highlights the intricate relationship between immune cells and generalized anxiety disorder using genetic methods, offering valuable insights for future clinical investigations.

Genetic Variability Studies for Yield and its Attributing Traits in Rice F4 Mapping Population (Oryza sativa L.)

An experiment was conducted at ICAR-IIRR during the wet season of 2023 in a mapping population derived from the cross TI-128 X BPT-5204, along with five checks in an augmented block design with eight blocks. This study revealed that, significant variability was present among the population for all the traits examined. High genotypic coefficient of variation was observed for number of tillers per plant (29.68), number of productive tillers per plant (30.56) and total number of grains per panicle (29.66). High phenotypic coefficient of variation and genotypic coefficient of variation was observed for the trait grain yield per plant. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as percent of mean was recorded for number of tillers per plant, number of productive tillers per plant, total number of grains per panicle and grain yield per plant showing that these traits are regulated by additive gene effects, making them suitable for selection criteria in rice breeding programs. The traits viz., number of tillers per plant (0.42***), number of productive tillers per plant (0.41***), filled grains per panicle (0.20**), total number of grains per panicle (0.18**) and test weight (0.18**) exhibited significantly positive association with grain yield per plant.

Unmanned smart hotel: applications and examples

PurposeIn the tourism sector, fully unmanned and partially unmanned hotel models serving customer segments from different income groups are increasing. Analyzing examples of unmanned hotels worldwide and their practices is crucial for understanding the automation systems used, the smart technologies employed, and the opportunities and challenges these hotels present, as well as for gaining insights into their impacts on the tourism sector.Design/methodology/approachThe data used in this research were obtained from secondary sources. One of the qualitative research methods, document analysis, was used for the analysis of these sources. The content analysis technique was used in the analysis of the data. A seven-stage systematic review process was used in the research. This seven-stage review process consists of the following stages: (1) determining the review objectives and formulating research questions; (2) identifying search terms and selection criteria; (3) conducting a search for unmanned hotel applications before clarifying exclusion and inclusion criteria; (4) evaluating the quality and relevance of unmanned hotel applications; (5) identifying content analysis review variables; (6) conducting content analysis; and (7) analyzing and reporting the findings.FindingsIn traditional hotel management, the innovations brought by digitalization and automation are transforming the guest experience and increasing operational efficiency. Unmanned smart hotels are equipped with various technological solutions, such as voice-controlled AI assistants, smart room control systems, AI-based concierge services, and robotic room service. These hotels are redefining roles and expectations within traditional hotel management, while simultaneously reducing costs and enhancing efficiency. Analyses indicate that unmanned smart hotels particularly appeal to specific customer segments, such as business travelers, and are becoming increasingly popular. These hotels offer advantages such as allowing guests to perform self-check-in, control their rooms, and receive necessary services via robots.Research limitations/implicationsThe universe of the research consists of all currently operating unmanned hotels worldwide. As a result of the research, 18 examples of unmanned smart hotels were identified. Hotels within the same chain with identical applications and processes were considered as a single example. Therefore, the research sample consists of 18 hotels.Originality/valueBy integrating these technological advancements, the hospitality and tourism industries can mitigate the impact of staff shortages, maintain high service standards, and improve operational efficiency. This approach allows businesses to adapt to changing workforce dynamics while continuing to deliver exceptional guest experiences. In conclusion, the significance and impact of unmanned smart hotels in the travel industry are growing. These hotels have the potential to shape the role of technology in the hospitality sector and influence future trends. Therefore, the adoption and development of unmanned smart hotels are important considerations for hotel operators and industry experts.

Determination of the Relationship of Harmonization Ratio and Some Yield Characteristics with Grain Yield in Barley

In this study, it was aimed to calculate the harmonization ratio before and after the flowering period (GFPtt/VPtt) in barley depending on thermal times, to determine the vegetative period (VP) and grain filling period (GFP) values for higher grain yield (GY) capacity and the possibility of using these qualities as adaptation and selection criteria and to determine the relationship between HR and GY calculated according to phenological periods depending on thermal times under Kahramanmaraş conditions. The experiments were carried out in Kahramanmaraş, located in the Eastern Mediterranean Region of Turkey, between 2014 and 2016 under the conditions of 9 genotypes for 2 successive years according to the randomized completed block design with 3 replicates. Phenological traits such as VP, GFP, GY and days to maturity (DM) were measured in relation to thermal times. According to the results, genotypes were found to be significantly different in terms of harmonization ratio in barley. Considering the two-year averages, the highest grain yields were determined as Samyeli (534.3 kg da-1) and Şahin-91 (532.8 kg da-1). The lowest grain yields were determined as Kendal (404.9 kg da-1) and Sur-93 (416.9 kg da-1). According to the results, barley genotypes were found to be significantly different in terms of harmonization ratio. The highest harmonization ratios were determined as Samyeli (0.753) and Kendal (0.672), the lowest harmonization ratios were determined as Şahin-91 (0.486) and Athena*Yabani (0.558). Although there was a general relationship between grain yield and harmonization ratio, some genotypes had values outside this trend.

Effectiveness of deep brain stimulation on refractory aggression in pediatric patients with autism and severe intellectual disability: meta-analytic review

Some patients with autism and severe intellectual disability may experience uncontrolled aggression, causing serious injury or harm to others, and the therapeutic ineffectiveness of traditional pharmacological and behavioral treatment may aggravate symptoms. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has been tested in patients with little evidence in children and adolescents. Therefore, we analyzed the efficacy and safety of DBS in refractory aggression in pediatric subjects with autism (ASD) and severe intelligence deficit (ID).Methods A meta-analytic review of Web of Science (WOS) and Scopus articles, following Prisma criteria. A total of 555 articles were identified, but after applying the inclusion criteria, only 18 were analyzed. The review of the registries and the extraction of information was performed by 2 independent groups, to reduce the evaluator’s bias. For the description of the results, pediatric patients with ASD or ID present in each registry, with an application of specialized scales (Overt aggression scale, OAS, and THE modified version of the OAS, MOAS) pre and post-DBS, with a clinical follow-up of at least 12 months, were considered valid. Clinical improvement was calculated using tests of aggressiveness. In each registry with available data and then pooling the means of all patients in the OAS and MOAS, the effect size of DBS (overall and per study) was estimated. Finally, the adapted NOS scale was applied to rate the studies’ quality and level of bias.Results In the studies analyzed, 65/100 were pediatric patients, with a mean age of 16.8 years. Most of the studies were conducted in South America and Europe. In all teams, aggressive behavior was intractable, but only 9 groups (53/65) applied specialized scales to measure aggressiveness, and of these, only 51 subjects had a follow-up of at least 12 months. Thus, in 48/51 a clinical improvement of patients was estimated (94.2%), with a considerable overall effect size (OAS: d = 4.32; MOAS: d = 1.46). However, adverse effects and complications were found in 13/65 subjects undergoing DBS. The brain target with the most evidence and the fewest side effects was the posteromedial hypothalamic nuclei (pHypN). Finally, applying the adapted NOS scale, quality, and bias, only 9 studies show the best indicators.Conclusion An optimal level of efficacy was found in only half of the publications. This is mainly due to design errors and irrelevant information in the reports. We believe that DBS in intractable aggressiveness in children and adolescents with ASD and severe ID can be safe and effective if working groups apply rigorous criteria for patient selection, interdisciplinary assessments, objective scales for aggressiveness, and known surgical targets.

Identification of Drought Tolerant Chickpea Genotypes under Simulated Drought

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is one of the most important legume crops worldwide, with high protein content. Chickpea productivity is highly threatened by abiotic stresses, of which drought exerts the most crucial role in terms of growth inhibition and yield losses encountered. Since germination is a critical stage that is negatively affected by drought, an experiment was conducted to estimate the genotypic variability among 27 chickpea genotypes and to determine the seed germination and seedling growth ability under water stress conditions. Seeds were subjected to water stress by using polyethylene glycol (PEG-6000) at five stress levels (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 % PEG). Among the genotype DIBG 205 (94.50%) recorded highest germination percentage compared to other genotypes. Root length recorded was highest in ICCV 4958 (18.48 cm) under 10% PEG -6000 and decreased with increase in osmotic stress. Drought significantly affected germination as well as all other associated traits with the effects of stress being analogous to the stress level applied. Seedling vigour index is a suitable selection criterion for drought tolerance, high seedling vigour index was observed in DIBG 205 and ICCV 4958 showing increased drought tolerance at high stress level, whereas low seedling vigour index was recorded in ICCV 201217 and ICCV 201116 indicating their possible exploitation as valuable genetic material for further breeding programs for drought tolerance.