Crisis Management Performance Research Articles

Evaluating Crisis Management Performance of Turkish School Administrations: Covid-19 Pandemic

In this study, the crisis management performance of the Turkish Education System and School Administration in the case of the Covid-19 Pandemic was evaluated by considering the importance of post-crisis evaluation and research gap. For this purpose, qualitative (N=17) and quantitative (N=444) data of the experiences and opinions of school administrators working in formal compulsory schools selected by purposeful, random and available sampling techniques from different provinces representing first-level statistical regions were evaluated. Crisis management performance evaluation criteria, which were created by a literature review, were utilized in the evaluation. Semi-structured interviews and questionnaires were used to collect data. We implemented both content analysis and descriptive statistics in line with the mixed method exploratory sequential research design. We first carried out the content analysis then, we investigated the prevalence of the matter by surveying. At the last phase of the analysis, we synthesized the qualitative and quantitative results. At the end of the study, it was observed that the crisis management practices of the Turkish Education System were not based on a long-term foresight, no preliminary preparation was made, and the problems in performing the basic functions during the crisis could not be completely resolved. For this reason, it has been concluded that the performance of the Turkish Education System and school administrations in managing the crisis is low.

Machine learning technique in the north zagros earthquake prediction

Studying the changes in seismicity, and the potential of the occurrences of large earthquakes in a seismic zone is not only extremely important from the aspect of seismological research, but it is additionally significant in the decisions of crisis management. Since, nowadays Machine learning techniques have proven the high ability for analyzing information, and discovering the relations among the parameters, in this research were tested some of these techniques for the earthquake prediction. For analysis, the north Zagros seismic catalogue was selected. A region that is an active seismic zone, and large cities are located there. Moreover, nine seismic parameters were used to study the possibility of large earthquake prediction for 1 month using three different Machine Learning (ML) techniques (Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Random Forest, and Support Vector Machine (SVM)). The accuracy of prediction models was evaluated using four different statistical measures (recall, accuracy, precision, and F1-score). The results showed that the (ANN) method is more accurate than other methods. Based on three investigated methodologies, greater accuracy results have been produced to forecast the earthquakes with bigger scale earthquakes about the completeness of the seismic catalogue in large magnitude. These achievements promise the possibility of successful prediction in a short period, which is hopeful for better crisis management performance.

Age and its impact on crisis management performance and learning after simulation-based education by acute care physicians: a multicentre prospective cohort study

BackgroundPhysiological changes associated with ageing could negatively impact the crisis resource management skills of acute care physicians. This study was designed to determine whether physician age impacts crisis resource management skills, and crisis resource management skills learning and retention using full-body manikin simulation training in acute care physicians. MethodsAcute care physicians at two Canadian universities participated in three 8-min simulated crisis (pulseless electrical activity) scenarios. An initial crisis scenario (pre-test) was followed by debriefing with a trained facilitator and a second crisis scenario (immediate post-test). Participants returned for a third crisis scenario 3–6 months later (retention post-test). ResultsFor the 48 participants included in the final analysis, age negatively correlated with baseline Global Rating Scale (GRS; r=–0.30, P<0.05) and technical checklist scores (r=–0.44, P<0.01). However, only years in practice and prior simulation experience, but not age, were significant in a subsequent stepwise regression analysis. Learning from simulation-based education was shown with a mean difference in scores from pre-test to immediate post-test of 2.28 for GRS score (P<0.001) and 1.69 for technical checklist correct score (P<0.001); learning was retained for 3–6 months. Only prior simulation experience was significantly correlated with a decreased change in learning (r=–0.30, P<0.05). ConclusionsA reduced amount of prior simulation training and increased years in practice, but not age on its own, were significant predictors of low baseline crisis resource management performance. Simulation-based education leads to crisis resource management learning that is well retained for 3–6 months, regardless of age or years in practice.

Crisis Management Performance of Upscale Hotels in the Greater Bay Area, China: A Comparative Study in a Complex Institutional Situation

This study explores upscale hotel crisis management from the institutional environment perspective. Integrating the institutional and resource dependence theories, this study established a framework to investigate and compare the organizational crisis performance of state-owned and private-owned hotels in China. Specifically, data were collected in the Greater Bay Area. The hotels from Macau represent the private-owned samples (n = 247), while the hotels from Guangzhou and Shenzhen are the state-owned samples (n = 225). The results showed that the institutional environment significantly influences upscale hotels’ organizational crisis performance. For example, the organizational climate has more effect on crisis performance in SOHs than POHs, while dynamic capability has more impact on the POHs than SOHs. Moreover, the results also showed that the path from an organization’s commitment to their crisis performance illustrated the most significant difference between those two samples. This study provided a novel perspective to explore two different social systems (socialism vs. capitalism) in upscale hotel crisis performance and management. Theoretical and practical implications are also discussed.

The Use of Medical Populism to Claim the Right to Rule in Poland during a Public Health Emergency

This article aims to give insight into discursive means used by rulers in Poland to claim the right to rule during a public health emergency. Grounded in Johannes Gerschewski’s, Christian von Soest’s and Julia Grauvogel’s theory of legitimacy claims and Gideon Lasco’s theory of medical populism, the study identifies the evolution and characteristics of legitimacy claims at pandemic junctures critical to political regime stability. By using content and thematic analysis of news distributed by partisan media and tweets published by the most influential politicians of the ruling party, the study uncovers justifications for autocratic rule in Poland aimed at shaping elite cohesion, opposition activity, and the potential political support of the ruled. Legitimacy claims rested upon medical populism to a large extent since the latter provided semantic structures useful to account for the unprecedented extension of the ruling party’s power competencies and limitation of personal and civic freedoms. Moreover, while claims of dramatic restrictions and lockdowns marked the pandemic’s beginning, its further stages brought out a “vaccine messianism” and optimism related to crisis management performance.

Crisis management performance and the European Union: the case of COVID-19

ABSTRACT A seemingly continuous stream of crises in Europe has turned scholarly agendas towards assessment of the EU's management of crises. Those assessments vary widely, depending on the analytical focus and criteria used. This paper introduces three assessment criteria drawn from crisis research that pertain to the detection of a crisis, the mobilization of necessary resources, and the nature of the public debate about critical choices made in times of crisis. We relate these crisis management insights to long-standing debates in European integration theory to help link traditional crisis management assessments with EU-focused theorizing. The article offers a framework for assessment of the EU's performance as a crisis manager. We illustrate the utility of the framework with a brief application to the EU's response to Covid-19. We assess the EU's performance in positive terms: the Union acted quickly after a somewhat slow start and was very effective in mobilizing a variety of resources. At the same time, we note that major policy choices were made without a significant public debate about potential effects on the future character of the Union.

Relationship Between Specialties of Managers and Crisis Management Function in Hospitals in Tehran

Background: Nowadays, doing any activity at any level without having specialized knowledge in that special field is impossible. The practice and implementation of crisis management including reduction, preparedness, response, and reconstruction requires the knowledge compatible with any measure which puts into practice all the existing and accessible information in its best way. Based on these facts, the present research investigates the relationship between specialties of managers and crisis management function in hospitals in Tehran.&#x0D; Methods: The present study was conducted through survey method of research with a descriptive-analytical and correlational design. The statistical population included personnel working in hospitals in Tehran. For sampling procedure, randomized sampling was used. Based on Cochran formula, the size of samples was determined which included 80 hospital personnel encompassing 20 crisis management specialists.&#x0D; Results: Considering the results obtained, there was a significant relationship between managers’ expertise and crisis management performance (p&lt;0.005, R = 0.24). According to the regression analysis, 6% of the changes in crisis management performance were associated with the managers’ expertise.&#x0D; Conclusion: Given the relationship between the managers’ expertise and the performance of crisis management in Tehran Hospitals, it seems that with more focus on the expertise of hospital managers and the importance of training and skills of managers in appointing them to managerial positions, crisis management in hospitals has been more successful.

Tie strength, organizational resilience and enterprise crisis management: An empirical study in pandemic time

It remains unclear how organizational resilience is shaped by tie strength and helps firms go through crisis under COVID-19 pandemic background. A survey conducted among a sample of 215 Chinese firms indicates that: (1) both external and internal tie strength enhance three dimensions of resilience capacity, namely situation awareness, adaptive capacity and transformative capacity; (2) all three resilience capacity dimensions facilitate reactive crisis management strategy, while only adaptive capacity and transformative capacity have positive effects on proactive crisis management strategy; (3) both reactive and proactive crisis management strategies improve crisis management performance. The study contributes to literature of organizational resilience by probing into the theoretical model of “tie strength-resilience capacity-crisis management strategy-firm performance” which implies that organizational resilience is driven by internal and external tie strength and then facilitates crisis management performance through reactive and proactive strategies. The findings provide managerial implications about successfully coping with crisis, such as global pandemic, by leveraging firm's resilience capabilities facilitated by social relationship and implementing reactive and proactive strategies.

Trust in times of crisis: opportunities and pitfalls of cooperation between volunteers and local governments

During the so-called refugee crisis of 2015/16 an estimated 25% of the German population was actively engaged as volunteers. Volunteers thus constitute a group of citizens who are high stake actors in crisis management due to their personal experience and direct interaction with the local public administration. This paper scrutinizes how the interaction between volunteers and local administrations in crisis management affects volunteers’ trust in the local public administration. Following the literature on administrative crisis management and cross-sector collaboration, the paper defines relevant features of crisis management performance. Methodologically, the paper relies on regression analysis using online survey data from a snowballing sample comprising 900 volunteers who engaged during Germany’s 2015/16 migration crisis. The results show that performance perception of the local administration, and the formalization of the different volunteer organizations explain how volunteers’ trust in the public administration changes over the course of the crisis.

Coronavirus Pandemic Response and Voter Choice

Does the public perception of governments’ coronavirus pandemic responses actually make a difference to their electoral fortunes? In this research note, we answer that question by presenting the preliminary results of a survey of more than 3,000 voters in Croatia and Serbia conducted on a dedicated mobile app and web platform directly preceding parliamentary elections that took place in these two countries during the summer of 2020. This survey was part of our larger project tracking political competition, public discourse, and conspiracy theories in Southeast Europe during the coronavirus pandemic. The preliminary findings presented in this research note demonstrate Croatian and Serbian voters were rationally retrospective and rewarded parties in power based on evaluations of their crisis management performance. We also find evidence of voters who have personally witnessed the health consequences of the coronavirus being more likely to support the parties in power. We believe this is evidence of the coronavirus pandemic increasing affected citizens’ expectations of and trust in national governments where those governments respond strongly to the pandemic’s first wave, as was the case in both Croatia and Serbia.

We are in this together: sport brand involvement and fans’ well-being

ABSTRACT Research Question The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need for a transformative perspective on the role of sport brands in promoting fans’ psychological well-being. Drawing upon attachment theory, the current research explores how individuals’ involvement with sport brands may contribute to their psychological well-being in the wake of COVID-19. Research Methods Data were collected from sport fans (n = 770) in mainland China through an online survey. Machine learning-based model selection algorithms were used to optimize the balance between the predictive power and parsimoniousness of the empirical model. Bayesian structural equation modeling was performed to examine the effects of sport brand involvement (SBI), crisis management performance, and perceived togetherness (PT) on fans’ sense of hope and emptiness. Results and Findings The results indicate that fans’ involvement with sport brands was positively associated with fans’ psychological well-being. SBI mitigated fans’ perceived emptiness. This relationship was partially mediated by PT but not by crisis management performance. Furthermore, sport brands’ crisis management performance and PT fully mediated the positive relationship between SBI and hope. Implications This research contributes to theorizing the transformative role of sport brands in enhancing fans’ psychological well-being. We offer an alternative view of sport branding literature by moving beyond fans’ contributions to business outcomes to explore how sport brands may benefit fans’ well-being. Findings highlight the importance of the transformative power of ‘we’ in unifying sport brands and fans amid the uncertainty of the COVID-19 pandemic.

The role of empathy in organizational communication during times of crisis

The defining characteristic of 2020 is life interrupted. Countries around the globe are impacted by wholescale stay-at-home orders, looming economic collapse, heightened public attention to systemic racism, and associated protests. Even as global events create immense disruptions for individuals, these events also necessitate responsive actions from public and private institutions. In this Dialogue essay, we argue that the current crises emphasize the need for public organizations to sustain relationships by infusing communication efforts with empathy. Using an organizational theory approach of crisis management, we argue for the importance of focusing on governance legitimacy in times of crisis and highlight three communication strategies public organizations can use to strengthen relationships and improve crisis management performance.

대통령의 리더십이 국가위기관리 성과에 미치는 영향 : 전염성 호흡기 질환 사례를 중심으로

대통령의 리더십이 국가위기관리 성과에 미치는 영향 : 전염성 호흡기 질환 사례를 중심으로

Cultivating a longitudinal learning process through recurring crisis management training exercises in twelve Swedish municipalities

AbstractThis study illustrates how crisis management capability is developed in series of recurring exercises, rather than in one single exercise. Over one hundred table‐top and role‐playing exercises were performed and evaluated in a longitudinal cross‐case action research study in 12 Swedish municipalities. By consciously adapting training formats, municipalities were lead through three learning phases: obtaining role understanding (phase 1: knowing what to do), developing information management skills (phase 2: knowing how to do it), and mastering self‐reflection in regular time‐outs (phase 3: knowing when and why to do something). This final learning outcome, being able to concurrently execute, evaluate, and reorganize an ongoing crisis management performance, may be the most valuable capability of a crisis management organization when crisis strikes.

Evaluating airline crisis management performance: The cases of flights GE222 and GE235 crash accidents

Effective crisis management is of utmost importance for an airline to restore its safety reputation after a crash accident. Motivated by two consecutive crash accidents by the same airline, this paper proposes an importance-based method to evaluate the airline's performance as a means of identifying areas that can best improve its capabilities for effective crisis management. A four-dimensional framework with 31 attributes is identified to represent an airline's capabilities for achieving effective crisis management. Based on expert surveys, a revised importance-performance analysis method and an importance-weighted priority ranking method are used to evaluate the case airline's crisis management capabilities and identify the ways by which its future crisis management performance can be best improved. The evaluation results highlight the significant role played by the attribute importance and the need for the case airline to direct more overall improvement efforts to the organizational aspects of its crisis management practices. This paper makes conceptual and methodological contributions to crisis management research and provides useful insights into effective airline crisis management for the airline industry.

Does the age of acute care physicians impact their (1) crisis management performance and (2) learning after simulation-based education? A protocol for a multicentre prospective cohort study in Toronto and Ottawa, Canada

IntroductionThe proportion of older acute care physicians (ACPs) has been steadily increasing. Ageing is associated with physiological changes and prospective research investigating how such age-related physiological changes affect clinical performance,...

Effect of sleep deprivation after a night shift duty on simulated crisis management by residents in anaesthesia. A randomised crossover study

BackgroundSleep deprivation has been associated with an increased incidence of medical errors and can jeopardise patients’ safety during medical crisis management. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of sleep deprivation on the management of simulated anaesthesia crisis by residents in anaesthesiology. MethodsA randomised, comparative, monocentric crossover study involving 48 residents in anaesthesia was performed on a high fidelity patient simulator. Each resident was evaluated in a sleep-deprived state (deprived group, after a night shift duty) and control state (control group, after a night of sleep). Performance was assessed through points obtained during crisis scenario 1 (oesophageal intubation followed by anaphylactic shock) and scenario 2 (anaesthesia-related bronchospasm followed by ventricular tachycardia). Sleep periods were recorded by actigraphy. Two independent observers assessed the performances. The primary endpoint of the study was the score obtained for each scenario. ResultsResident's crisis management performance is associated with sleep deprivation (scenario 1: control=39 [33–42] points vs. deprived=26 [19–40] points, P=0.02; scenario 2: control=21 [17–24] vs. deprived=14 [12–19], P=0.01). The main errors observed were: error in drug administration and dose, delay in identification of hypotension, and missing communication with the surgical team about situation. ConclusionsThe present study showed that sleep deprivation is associated with impairment of performance to manage crisis situations by residents in anaesthesia.

Organizing for Crisis Management: Building Governance Capacity and Legitimacy

AbstractWhat makes a well‐functioning governmental crisis management system, and how can this be studied using an organization theory–based approach? A core argument is that such a system needs both governance capacity and governance legitimacy. Organizational arrangements as well as the legitimacy of government authorities will affect crisis management performance. A central argument is that both structural features and cultural context matter, as does the nature of the crisis. Is it a transboundary crisis? How unique is it, and how much uncertainty is associated with it? The arguments are substantiated with empirical examples and supported by a literature synthesis, focusing on public administration research. A main conclusion is that there is no optimal formula for harmonizing competing interests and tensions or for overcoming uncertainty and ambiguous government structures. Flexibility and adaptation are key assets, which are constrained by the political, administrative, and situational context. Furthermore, a future research agenda is indicated.

Explaining success and failure in crisis coordination

In virtually every assessment of responses to large‐scale crises and disasters, coordination is identified as a critical failure factor. After the crisis, official committees and political opponents often characterize the early phases of the response as a ‘failure to coordinate.’ Not surprisingly, improved coordination quickly emerges as the prescribed solution. Coordination, then, is apparently both the problem and the solution. But the proposed solutions rarely solve the problem: coordination continues to mar most crises and disasters. In the absence of a shared body of knowledge on coordination, it is hard to formulate a normative framework that allows for systematic assessment of coordination in times of crisis. As coordination is widely perceived as an important function of crisis and disaster management, this absence undermines a fair and balanced assessment of crisis management performance. This paper seeks to address that void. We aim to develop a framework that explains both the failure and success of crisis coordination. We do this by exploring the relevant literature, reformulating what coordination is and distilling from research the factors that cause failure and success.

The Euro's Savior? Assessing the ECB's Crisis Management Performance and Potential for Crisis Resolution

This study assesses the European Central Bank’s (ECB) crisis management performance and potential for crisis resolution. The study investigates the institutional and functional constraints that delineate the ECB’s scope for policy action under crisis conditions, and how the bank has actually used its leeway since 2007 — or might do so in the future. The study finds that the ECB may well stand out positively when compared to other important euro-area or national authorities involved in managing the euro crisis, but that in general the bank did “too little, too late” to prevent the euro area from slipping into recession and protracted stagnation. The study also finds that expectations regarding the ECB’s latest policy initiatives may be excessively optimistic, and that proposals featuring the central bank as the euro’s savior through even more radical employment of its balance sheet are misplaced hopes. Ultimately, the euro’s travails can only be ended and the euro crisis resolved by shifting the emphasis toward fiscal policy; specifically, by partnering the ECB with a “Euro Treasury” that would serve as a vehicle for the central funding of public investment through the issuance of common Euro Treasury debt securities.